10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Learning Goals
Meiosis – Students will understand the
A. The process of meiosis and its importance in sexual reproduction.
B. The similarities and differences of mitosis and meiosis
C. The differences between sexual and asexual reproduction and give examples which explain the advantages of each type of reproduction.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Random Segregation
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Chromosome
Chromatid
Centriole
Centromere
Karyotype
Autosomes
Sex Chromosomes
Spindle Fibers
Haploid
Diploid
Homologous Chromosomes
Crossing Over
Zygote
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Heredity - Students will understand
A. Mendel’s rules of inheritance and will be able to explain how traits are passed to offspring.
B. The following patterns of inheritance by interpreting Punnett Squares: simple dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and sex-linked traits.
C. How environmental factors, polygenic inheritance, and multiple alleles affect the phenotypes
D. How pedigrees show the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Allele
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Gamete
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Mendel’s Principle of Dominance
Monohybrid Cross
Phenotype
Random Segregation
Trait
Genotypic Ratio
Gene
Phenotyupic ratio
Genotypic ratio
Co-domiance
Incomplete dominance
Pedigree
Sex-Linked
Sex Chromosome
Punnett Square
P generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
Polygenetic
Multiple Alleles
Environmental Influence
Pedigree
Carrier
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
Sex-Linked Recessive
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Evolution - Students will understand
A. How natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution of living organisms.
B. The evidence that supports evolutionary theory.
C. How adaptations of organisms relate to their environment.
D. Use Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to explain gene frequency changes in a population.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Evolution
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Sexual Selection
Gene pool
Genetic Drift
Founder effect
Bottleneck effect
Gene Flow (immigration, emigration)
Speciation
Fitness
Adaptation
Trait
Biogeography
Phylogentic tree
Speciation
Disruptive Selection
Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Fossils
Homologous structure
Vestigial structure
Species
Genetic (phenotypic) variation
Molecular clock
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Convergent Evolution
Coevolution
Adaptive Radiation
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Biotechnology - Students will understand
A. Cell cycle regulation and how this relates to cancer (10.3).
B. The way in which cells become specialized for different functions (10.4).
C. Uses and applications of recombinant DNA, cloning technology and genetic engineering (agriculture, industry, health and medicine) (15.2 and 15.3).
D. DNA fingerprinting technology and its applications (15.3).
E. Opposing views regarding the ethics of biotechnology (10.4 and 15.4).
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Cyclin
Growth Factor
Apoptosis
Cancer
Tumor
Embryo
Differentiation
Totipotent (Omnipotent)
Blastocyst
Pluripotent
Stem Cell
Multipotent
Restriction Enzyme
Gel Electrophoresis
Bioinformatics
Genomics
Selective Breeding
Hybridization
Inbreeding
Genetic Variation
Polyploid
Polymerase Change Reaction
Recombinant DNA
Plasmid
Genetic Marker
Transgenic
Clone
Gene Therapy
DNA Microarray
DNA Fingerprinting
Forensics
Genetically Modified (GM)
Eugenics
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Diversity of Life and Classification - Students will understand
A. the classification system of organisms and the binomial nomenclature.
B. how to read and interpret dichotomous keys, cladograms, and phylogenetic trees.
C. the basic characteristics used to classify each Domain and Kingdom.
D. how the anatomical and physiological adaptations of each Kingdom show adaptations to a niche and evolutionary relationships.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Classification
Taxonomy
Domain
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binomial Nomenclature
Dichotomous Key
Phylogentic tree
Cladogram
Derived characteristic
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
Cnidaria
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
Ecology - Students will understand
A. different patterns of population growth.
B. how limiting factors affect population growth.
C. the relationship between human population and the impact it has on ecosystems
D. all levels of ecological organization.
E. the niches of organisms in an ecosystem.
F. to read and interpret a food chain and food web.
G. how the climate of a terrestrial biome can affect the composition of its community.
H. that plants and animals have adaptations for survival in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
pecies
population
population density
age structure
immigration
emigration
exponential growth
logistic growth
carrying capacity (K)
limiting factor
density-dependent limiting factor
density-independent limiting factor
demography
growth rate (r)
number of individuals in population (N)
biosphere
species
population
community
ecology
ecosystem
biome
biotic factor
abiotic factor
autotroph/producer
heterotrophy
consumer
carnivore
herbivore
scavenger
omnivore
decomposer
trophic level
food chain
food web
ecological pyramid
biomass
greenhouse effect
habitat
niche
keystone species
symbiosis
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
1. Describe the purpose of meiosis.
2. Label the phases of meiosis. Refer to page 324 of your book.
3. Circle and identify the two stages of meiosis which cause the gametes to be genetically different from the parent cells.
4. How does genetic diversity and sexual reproduction benefit a species?
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
5. What are homologous chromosomes?
6. What are sister chromatids?
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
7. What is the difference between haploid (n) and diploid (2n)?
8. What is the haploid number of an organism if a normal body cell has 32 chromosomes?
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
9. What is a gamete? Is it haploid or diploid?
10. Define the term “allele.”
11. Describe the difference between homologous and heterozygous. Is “HH” homologous or heterozygous?
12. Describe the differences between phenotype and genotype. What is an example of a phenotype if “HH” is a genotype?
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
13. Mendel’s peas showed a pattern of simple dominance inheritance. This means that a homozygous dominant genotype (TT) produced a dominant phenotype (tall). What are the other options for genotypes and phenotypes?
14. What genetic inheritance pattern is shown in the pedigree below? Fill in the missing genotypes. Label the generations and individuals using the proper format.
15. What is unusual about sex linked conditions? Create a set of possible genotypes and phenotypes for an imaginary, recessive, sex-linked condition.
16. Brown hair is co-dominant to purple hair. Draw a Punnett square showing the cross of two parents with brown and purple spotted hair. Include the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
17. Long claws are incompletely dominant to short claws. Draw a Punnett square showing the cross of a long clawed parent and a short clawed parent. Include the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
18. Describe the various types of stem cells.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
19. What are restriction enzymes? What are their two main uses?
20. Create examples or stories for the terms below:
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
a. artificial Selection
b. natural Selection
c. genetic drift
d. sexual selection
e. adaptation
f. founder’s effect
g. speciation
h. bottle neck
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
21. What is a plasmid? How do they help in industrial protein production?
22. List the 6 kingdoms and include at least three distinguishing characteristics for each kingdom.
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
10 Biology Exam Review 2016
23. Which species is most closely related to frogs according to the cladogram below? What do they have in common?
10 Biology Exam Review 2016