SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Contact Among Crimson, Yellow and Adelaide
Contact of Crimson and Yellow
Cain (1955) reviewed literature then available on whether Crimson and Yellow overlap and hybridize in what we have termed the western slopes region (figures 1 and 2, main text). This included a number of early 20th century reports of bird records from key areas such as the Wangaratta area and KingRiver valley. He concluded that “the two forms do meet at least occasionally” and that their total ranges extend to within a very short distance of each other. He questioned whether their breeding ranges met. All other reports cited by Cain (1955) as bearing on the question were speculative personal communications that are now impossible to verify.
Since the 1970s, however, specimens clearly intermediate between Crimson and Yellow have been collected from the area between Wagga Wagga and around Gundagai (figure 2, main text) where Crimson and Yellow are most likely to intergrade (specimens in American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP), and Australian National Wildlife Collection, Canberra (ANWC). For example, the plumage of three Western Slopes specimens (ANSP 189819, 189825, 189827) is essentially indistinguishable from three Adelaide specimens (ANSP 189606-8) from ca 800 km to the west. It is equally clear that other specimens more or less typical of Crimson and Yellow have been collected at single localities within this zone, e.g., (ANWC 38310-38314 from Nangus; ANSP 10851 and 10853 from near Tarcutta). Martindale (1974) raised the possibility that phenotypically intermediate specimens are the result of hybridization between Crimson and Yellow. This hybridization was promoted, he argued, by anthropogenic clearing of woodlands that blurred habitat boundaries between Crimson and Yellow. This point is moot because of the almost complete absence of specimens and any literature reports from the key areas a few kilometres either side of a line joining, roughly, Gundagai and Albury (figure 3) prior to the 1970s. Specimens collected in 1914 from Wagga Wagga (AMNH 622604, 622605 were cited by Cain (1955) as typical Crimson. We have examined them and they appear to be typical immature Crimson (P. e. elegans) moulting into adult plumage. It was common practice at that time for the locality on a museum label to be that from which specimens were dispatched to a museum, not necessarily their collection locality. Because phenotypes today change radically within a few kilometres of Wagga Wagga these specimens are unfortunately uninformative.
Contact of Adelaide and Yellow
A specimen of Yellow (AMNH 627551) is labelled as having been collected at Mannum, which is within the present-day range, albeit the eastern extremity, of Adelaide. Yellow was reported further south at 4 km S of Murray Bridge on 12 November 1997 (Hampel 1998) though in the absence of specimens these may simply have been pale Adelaide. For our project, special effort was made to collect specimens of Adelaide in this area, along the MarneRiver (n =4). Adelaide and Yellow are not currently known from evidence of specimens or sight records to be in geographical or genetic contact with each other. They are separated by a narrow band of unsuitable semi-arid vegetation within which rosellas generally do not occur as anything other than wandering individuals (Paton et al. 1994). Yellowoccurs today at Morgan at the northern end of that band of unsuitable habitat, and Adelaide occurs at Mannum at its southern end.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Phylogenetic Analyses
Phylogenetic analyses of the 109 ND2 sequences were conducted with PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). Outgroup taxa were: Eastern Rosella P. eximiussensu lato (n =8), Western Rosella P. icterotis (n = 2), Red-capped Parrot Purpureicephalus spurius (n =3), Mulga Parrot Psephotus varius and Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus (n = 2 for both). A total of 42 haplotypes were found among the entire data set, with 32 among the Crimson Rosella complex. Net divergence between Green and all Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes rosellas was 1.8-1.9% and nucleotide diversities among mainland south-eastern Australia populations of Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes were consistently low, mostly below 0.25%.
Maximum parsimony analysis of phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes (20 heuristic searches with TBR branch-swapping and random addition sequence) produced 20 equally shortest trees of length 464 changes. A strict consensus of the 20 trees is presented below. Robustness of the tree topology was assessed with non-parametric bootstrapping (1000 pseudoreplicates; * - bootstrap > 70% ) and showed: (i) monophyly of the P. elegans complex (100% support) and of Green (100%) as sister to all other populations within it, (ii) that among all mainland populations, the two tropical northern Queensland Crimson populations (79%) are sister to south-eastern Australian mainland populations of Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes (69%), (iii) that all structure within south-eastern Australian mainland populations of Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes suggested in shortest trees collapses (support values less than or equal to 60%).
Figure 1 of electronic supplementary material (above). Strict consensus of the 20 most parsimonious trees for the P. elegans complex. Robustness of the tree topology was assessed with non-parametric bootstrapping (1000 pseudoreplicates; * - bootstrap > 70% ) and showed: (i) monophyly of the P. elegans complex (100% support) and of Green (100%) as sister to all other populations within it, (ii) that among all mainland populations, the two tropical northern Crimson populations (79%) are sister to south-eastern (SE) Australian mainland populations of Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes (69%), (iii) that all structure within south-eastern Australian mainland populations of Crimson, Yellow, Adelaide and Western Slopes suggested in shortest trees is weak (support values less than or equal to 60%).
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Microsatellite Methods
Multiplex-ready PCR (Hayden et al. 2007) allowed microsatellite genotyping to be done on published microsatellites using a standardised protocol. We found that uniplex PCR give a more consistent amplification, therefore, post PCR multiplexing (or pooling) was used. Forward and reverse locus-specific primers contained additional generic non-complementary nucleotide sequences at their 5' ends (5'ACGACGTTGTAAA3' and 5' CATTAAGTTCCCATTA3', respectively). PCR was then done using four primers: the two locus-specific primers just described plus two short tag primers, tagF and tagR, the sequences of which are the same as the two short sequences just given. TagF was labelled with one of four fluorescent dyes (VIC, FAM, NED, PET - Applied Biosystems). A change in annealing temperature during the cycling program shifts the primers in use from the locus specific primers to the tag primers thus generating fluorescently labelledproducts. Locus-specific primer concentration was optimized empirically. Concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 60 nM were tested and the lowest concentration that gave a strong specific amplification was used in tests for polymorphism. PCR products of primer concentration optimisations and polymorphism tests were electrophoresed and visualised on a GelScan 2000 (Corbett Research) using 5% acrylamide.
Once locus-specific primers were optimised, uniplex PCR was done under identical conditions in 12μl reaction volumes on 96-well plates. PCR set-up was automated on a Biomek 3000 (Beckman-Coulter) robotic liquid handler. The reaction mixture contained 0.2mM dNTP (Promega, Madison, MI, USA), 1 X Immolase™ buffer (Bioline Australia) (16mM (NH4)2 SO4, 67mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 0.01% Tween-20) 1.5 mM MgCl2, 100ng/l BSA (Promega), 75nM each of dye-labelled tagF and unlabelled tagR, 50 to 100ng genomic DNA, 0.3 U Immolase™ DNA polymerase (Bioline) and 20, 40 or 60 nM of forward and reverse locus-specific primer. Each 96-well plate contained 8 samples in duplicate to confirm plate orientation and to test within-plate accuracy of allele sizing. Each plate also contained one control sample to test for run-to-run accuracy of allele sizing.
Cycling conditions were 95°C, 10 min.; 5 cycles 92°C for 30 sec., 50°C for 90 sec. and 72°C for 60sec; 20 cycles at 92°C for 30sec., 63°C for 90sec. and 72°C for 60 sec, followed by 40 cycles at 92°C for 15 sec., 54°C for 30sec. and 72°C for 60 sec, with a final extension step of 10 min at 72°C.
Products from 17 PCR amplifications were post-PCR multiplexed, the dilutions of which were determined empirically and depended on the fluorescent dye of each. Post-PCR multiplex was desalted with AMPure® (Agencourt, Beverly, MA, USA) following manufacturers protocol. PCR products were electrophoresed and visualised on an ABI3730 DNA analyser (Applied Biosystems). The resulting microsatellite data was sized and genotyped using the GeneMapper Software Version 3.7 (Applied Biosytems).
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL, Table 1. Details of the microsatellite loci genotyped in Crimson Rosellas. N – sample number, NA– number of alleles per locus, observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity, F(Null) – proportion of null alleles. References: 1 - Russello et al. (2001), 2 - Chan et al. (2005); 3 - Pillay K, Dawson DA, Taylor TD, Perrin MR, Burke T. Characterisation of Cape parrot (Poicephalus robustus robustus) microsatellite loci (Aves: Psittacidae) unpublished; 4 - Adcock et al. (2005); 5 - Hughes et al. (1998); 6 - McInnes et al. (2005). Parameter values were estimated in GenePop (Raymond & Rousset 1995) and CERVUS (Kalinowski et al. 2007).
Locus name / N / NA / Allele size range / HO / HE / HW / F(Null) / RefAgGT07 / 302 / 26 / 276-310 / 0.738 / 0.921 / *** / +0.1098 / 1
AgGT21 / 305 / 4 / 339-352 / 0.328 / 0.355 / NS / +0.0328 / 1
AgGT81 / 306 / 5 / 328-340 / 0.147 / 0.190 / ND / +0.1460 / 1
Cfor0809 / 305 / 5 / 209-225 / 0.213 / 0.217 / ND / +0.0077 / 2
CP03E01 / 302 / 24 / 209-259 / 0.762 / 0.890 / *** / +0.0784 / 3
CP52A09 / 302 / 16 / 383-423 / 0.762 / 0.818 / NS / +0.0359 / 3
CP53D02 / 266 / 50 / 447-523 / 0.481 / 0.957 / ND / +0.3307 / 3
Ero01 / 299 / 14 / 168-199 / 0.241 / 0.401 / *** / +0.2612 / 4
Ero03 / 300 / 14 / 215-242 / 0.637 / 0.742 / *** / +0.0704 / 4
Ero08 / 305 / 16 / 145-180 / 0.767 / 0.796 / NS / +0.0168 / 4
FpAAT189 / 303 / 4 / 159-171 / 0.185 / 0.264 / *** / +0.1701 / 5
Cl2 / 306 / 6 / 86-103 / 0.366 / 0.508 / *** / +0.1636 / 6
Cl3 / 306 / 8 / 209-229 / 0.565 / 0.671 / * / +0.0854 / 6
AgGT83 / 306 / 15 / 253-286 / 0.803 / 0.778 / NS / +0.0251 / 1
Ero11 / 307 / 6 / 110-136 / 0.182 / 0.237 / *** / +0.1349 / 4
Cfor2627 / 305 / 10 / 158-185 / 0.584 / 0.645 / NS / +0.0489 / 2
SUPPLEMENTARYMATERIAL, Table 2. Significant departures from HWE expectations in the seven largest samples of the Crimson Rosella complex at 16 microsatellite loci.
Y = significant P after Bonferroni correction
Locus / Gundagai / Bonegilla / Stanley/Myrrhee / Deans Marsh / Adelaide Hills / KangarooIsland / Yellow
n / 20 / 16 / 19 / 23 / 26 / 9 / 33
AgGT07 / Y / Y / Y
AgGT21
AgGT81
Cfor0809 / Y / Y / Y
CP03E01
CP52A09 / Y / Y / Y / Y / Y / Y
CP53D02 / Y / Y / Y
Ero01
Ero03 / Y
Ero08
FpAAT189
Cl2
Cl3 / Y
AgGT83
Ero11
Cfor2627
Figure 2 of electronic supplementary material (previous page). Output plot from GENELAND analysis of microsatellite data showing posterior probability surfaces to indicate whether an individual belongs to the CentralGL cluster (see text). Superimposed are outlines of the south-eastern Australian coastline, the Murray-Darling river system and specimen localities (black dots) all as in Figure 3. Red areas are zones where posterior probability of assignment to the CentralGL cluster is low (< 0.3), yellow zones are medium (0.6 to 0.9), and white is high (> 0.9). Arrows point to three genetic discontinuities at the east and west of the ring as discussed in the text.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL, Table 3. Climatic and elevational data from Bureau of Meteorology, Australia of that show steep longitudinal gradients of increasing rainfall and altitude moving west to east through the range of easternmost Yellow-Western Slopes-Crimson Rosella populations in the western slopes region (figure 1) and a steep latitudinal gradient of decreasing rainfall from south to north through the range of Adelaide populations. Values in bold emphasize main correlations being illustrated.
Locality / Rosella Plumage Phenotype / Latitude (°S) / Longitude (°E) / Altitude (m asl) / Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) / Mean Minimum-Maximum Temperature (° C)Narrandera / Yellow / 34.73 / 146.56 / 173 / 472.4 / 9.9 - 23.3
Wagga Wagga / Yellow / 35.16 / 147.46 / 212 / 572 / 9.0 - 22.0
Gundagai / Western Slopes / 35.05 / 148.11 / 250 / 614.9 / 8.9 - 22.5
Tumbarumba / Crimson / 35.78 / 148.01 / 645 / 976.2 / 5.4 - 19.5
Parawa / Adelaide / 35.57 / 138.29 / 341 / 825.1 / 10.0 - 17.2
Mount Lofty / Adelaide / 34.98 / 138.71 / 730 / 1100 / 8.5 -15.1
Adelaide / Adelaide / 34.92 / 138.62 / 48 / 550.8 / 12.2 - 22.2
Bundaleer / Adelaide / 33.28 / 138.58 / 459 / 555.6 / 8.1 - 21.9
Quorn / Adelaide / 32.24 / 138.04 / 293 / 333 / 9.9 - 23.3
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Specimens Used. Specimens examined for mtDNA and microsatellites. Designations of individuals to populations indicate their plumage phenotype and are done with taxonomic epithets and corresponding abbreviations used in the text: adelaidae - Adelaide Rosella - Adelaide; caledonicus – Green Rosella – GR; elegans – Crimson Rosella – Crimson; flaveolus – Yellow Rosella – Yellow; Western Slopes – phenotypic intermediates between flaveolus and elegans from the western slopes region (figure 1) – Western Slopes. Abbreviations: SF – StateForest. SA - South Australia, NSW – New South Wales; VIC – Victoria; ACT – Australian Capital Territory; QLD – Queensland; TAS – Tasmania. Specimen collection acronyms: ANSP – Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; ANWC – Australian National Wildlife Collection, Canberra; ABTC – Australian Biological Tissue Collection, Adelaide; AM – Australian Museum, Sydney; WAM – Western Australian Museum, Perth.
1. Mitochondrial DNA
Population/Taxon / Text Code / Specimen / GenBank / State/Territory / Locality / Latitude (deg.minS) / Longitude (deg.minE)
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10531 / EU407616 / SA / Willunga, ca 30 km S Adelaide / 35.18 / 138.3
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10532 / EU407619 / SA / Willunga, ca 30 km S Adelaide / 35.18 / 138.3
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10712 / EU407618 / SA / North Marola / 33.39 / 138.31
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10715 / EU407623 / SA / North Marola / 33.39 / 138.31
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP11745 / EU407615 / SA / MarneRiver, Near Cambrai / 34.39 / 139.16
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP11746 / EU407613 / SA / MarneRiver, Near Cambrai / 34.39 / 139.16
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP11747 / EU407614 / SA / MarneRiver, Near Cambrai / 34.39 / 139.16
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP11748 / EU407617 / SA / MarneRiver, Near Cambrai / 34.39 / 139.16
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12681 / EU407622 / SA / 7 E Koolunga / 33.33 / 138.23
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12691 / EU407621 / SA / Bridgewater / 35 / 138.46
adelaidae / Adelaide / ABTC92455 / EU407646 / SA / Heathfield / 35.03 / 138.716
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12721 / EU407627 / SA / SecondValley / 35.31 / 138.13
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12726 / EU407625 / SA / BackValley, FleurieuPeninsula / 35.31 / 138.32
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12727 / EU407624 / SA / BackValley, FleurieuPeninsula / 35.31 / 138.32
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP12730 / EU407626 / SA / CapeJervis / 35.36 / 138.05
adelaidae / Adelaide / ABTC70475 / EU407630 / SA / WirrabaraForest / 33.03 / 138.11
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10678 / EU407631 / SA / 0.5 km S Warren Gorge / 32.11 / 138
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10679 / EU407629 / SA / 0.5 km S Warren Gorge / 32.11 / 138
adelaidae / Adelaide / ANSP10683 / EU407628 / SA / 0.5 km S Warren Gorge / 32.11 / 138
caledonicus / Green / ANSP12621 / EU407679 / TAS / Coolamon Road, Tarrona, Hobart / 42.52 / 147.19
caledonicus / Green / ANWC45357 / EU407675 / TAS / Rushy Lagoon, 12 km N Gladstone / 40.54 / 147.57
caledonicus / Green / ANWC45560 / EU407678 / TAS / NW Lady Barron, FlindersIsland / 40.08 / 148.1
caledonicus / Green / ANWC45829 / EU407677 / TAS / Pegarah SF, KingIsland / 39.55 / 144.04
caledonicus / Green / ANWC45830 / EU407676 / TAS / Pegarah SF, KingIsland / 39.55 / 144.04
elegans / Crimson / ANWC34067 / EU407647 / NSW / Gundaroo, N Canberra / 35.09 / 149.16
elegans / Crimson / ANWC34070 / EU407643 / NSW / Katoomba, Blue Mountains / 33.43 / 150.19
elegans / Crimson / ANWC44914 / EU407659 / VIC / 3 km N Bullumwaal, N Bairnsdale / 37.37 / 147.32
elegans / Crimson / ANWC44933 / EU407662 / VIC / AdaRiver, Noojee SF, ~10 km WNW Noojee / 37.53 / 145.53
elegans / Crimson / ANWC45138 / EU407652 / SA / 5 km W Bool Lagoon, SW Naracoorte / 37.09 / 140.38
elegans / Crimson / ANWC46126 / EU407657 / VIC / Curtis Clearing on Benwerrin Rd, OtwayRange. / 38.34 / 143.48
elegans / Crimson / ANWC46154 / EU407661 / VIC / Taylor's Rd, ca 32 km S Morwell, StrzeleckiRange. / 38.24 / 146.3
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ANWC46339 / EU407638 / NSW / Wallaroo SF, ca 27 km NE Maitland / 32.38 / 151.48
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ANWC46355 / EU407639 / NSW / Massey's Creek SF, ca 50 km NE Singleton / 32.13 / 151.25
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ANWC46894 / EU407632 / NSW / Jerusalem Mtn Rd, Nullum SF, TweedValley / 28.31 / 153.21
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ABTC92462 / EU407633 / NSW / KoonyumRange, NullumStateForest, TweedValley / 28.32 / 153.25
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / AMO70665 / EU407634 / NSW / Bruxner Hway, 2 km SE Newman's Pinch turnoff / 28.93 / 152.32
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ABTC92427 / EU407635 / NSW / Mt BossStateForest, NW Wauchope / 31.12 / 152.23
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ABTC92425 / EU407636 / NSW / Armidale-Kempsey Road, 12km S Styx River Crossing / 30.4 / 152.12
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ANWC44800 / EU407637 / NSW / BoonooStateForest, N Tenterfield / 28.55 / 152.07
elegans / Crimson N Hunter / ABTC92428 / EU407640 / NSW / BarringtonTopsStateForest, W Taree / 31.52 / 151.35
elegans / Crimson / AMO70062 / EU407641 / NSW / Sutherland / 34.03 / 151.05
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92394 / EU407642 / NSW / Nowra Region / 34.53 / 150.36
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92401 / EU407645 / NSW / Katoomba, Blue Mountains / 33.43 / 150.19
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92455 / EU407646 / NSW / CoricudgyStateForest, 8 km E Olinda, E Kandos / 32.54 / 150.18
elegans / Crimson / ABTC02707 / EU407648 / ACT / Gungahlin / 35.18 / 149.13
elegans / Crimson / ABTC07066 / EU407649 / ACT / Garran, Canberra / 35.35 / 149.1
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92399 / EU407650 / ACT / Crace, Canberra / 35.13 / 149.08
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92396 / EU407651 / ACT / Cook, Canberra / 35.15 / 149.04
elegans / Crimson / ABTC91231 / EU407653 / VIC / LowerGlenelgNatPark / 34.05 / 141.27
elegans / Crimson / ABTC91255 / EU407654 / VIC / Myrrhee / 36.73 / 146.33
elegans / Crimson / ABTC91265 / EU407655 / VIC / Great Ocean Road, Few km E Port Campbell / 38.62 / 143
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92440 / EU407656 / VIC / 1 km N Loves Creek, 18 km S Colac / 38.28 / 143.35
elegans / Crimson / ABTC91254 / EU407658 / VIC / Deans Marsh / 38.43 / 143.85
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92451 / EU407660 / VIC / Taylors Road, C. 30 km S Morwell, StrzeleckiRange / 38.24 / 146.3
elegans / Crimson / ABTC91266 / EU407695 / VIC / ~1km S Neerim Junction / 37.93 / 145.95
elegans / Crimson / ABTC92401 / EU407645 / NSW / ConjolaStateForest, ~35 km S Nowra / 35.26 / 150.26
elegans Eungella isolate / Crimson / ANWC41412 / EU407663 / QLD / ClarkeRange, W Mackay / 21.05 / 148.35
elegans Eungella isolate / Crimson / ANWC41413 / EU407664 / QLD / ClarkeRange, W Mackay / 21.05 / 148.35
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANWC42534 / EU407669 / SA / 5 km SE CapeBorda, KangarooIsland / 35.47 / 136.38
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANWC42564 / EU407670 / SA / WestBay Hollow, KangarooIsland / 35.54 / 136.33
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANSP12693 / EU407666 / SA / WesternRiver, KangarooIsland / 35.4 / 136.58
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANSP12698 / EU407665 / SA / WesternRiver, KangarooIsland / 35.4 / 136.58
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANWC42529 / EU407667 / SA / 9 km E CapeBorda, KangarooIsland / 35.46 / 136.42
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANWC42565 / EU407668 / SA / WestBay Hollow, KangarooIsland / 35.54 / 136.33
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANSP12687 / EU407671 / SA / WesternRiver, KangarooIsland / 35.67 / 136.97
elegans: KangarooIsland isolate / Crimson / ANSP12699 / EU407672 / SA / WesternRiver, KangarooIsland / 35.67 / 136.97
elegans: Wet Tropics isolate / Crimson / ANSP12573 / EU407673 / QLD / 15 km W Paluma / 19.03 / 146.06
elegans: Wet Tropics isolate / Crimson / ANWC34118 / EU407674 / QLD / near Malanda, Atherton Tableland / 17.26 / 145.32
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC2463 / EU407703 / SA / Kingston-On-Murray / 34.13 / 140.2
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC2464 / EU407704 / SA / Kingston-On-Murray / 34.13 / 140.2
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10823 / EU407692 / NSW / 30 km S Griffith / 34.22 / 145.56
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10824 / EU407696 / NSW / 30 km S Griffith / 34.22 / 145.56
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10827 / EU407693 / NSW / 30 km S Griffith / 34.22 / 145.56
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10828 / EU407694 / NSW / 30 km S Griffith / 34.22 / 145.56
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10834 / EU407697 / NSW / 15 km W Wagga Wagga / 35.05 / 147.13
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10835 / EU407702 / NSW / 4 km E Narrandera / 34.46 / 146.34
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10836 / EU407699 / NSW / 15 km W Wagga Wagga / 35.05 / 147.13
flaveolus / Yellow / ANSP10839 / EU407698 / NSW / 15 km W Wagga Wagga / 35.05 / 147.13
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC91210 / EU784071 / SA / Berri / 34.33 / 140.58
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC91211 / EU784072 / SA / Berri / 34.33 / 140.58
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC92468 / EU784073 / NSW / Euston / 34.58 / 142.70
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC92467 / EU784074 / NSW / Menindee / 32.38 / 142.42
flaveolus / Yellow / ABTC51953 / EU784075 / SA / Waikerie / 34.18 / 139.98
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10840 / EU407684 / NSW / GundagaiTown Common / 35.04 / 148.07
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10841 / EU407691 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10842 / EU407681 / NSW / GundagaiTown Common / 35.04 / 148.07
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10843 / EU407680 / NSW / GundagaiTown Common / 35.04 / 148.07
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10844 / EU407682 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10845 / EU407690 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10847 / EU407689 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10848 / EU407685 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10849 / EU407683 / NSW / Nimbo Road, 5 km SW Brungle, near Gundagai / 35.1 / 148.12
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10850 / EU407686 / NSW / Lower Tarcutta Road, Near Gundagai / 35.12 / 147.45
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10851 / EU407688 / NSW / Bareena, Near Gundagai / 35.06 / 148.01
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ANSP10853 / EU407687 / NSW / Lower Tarcutta Road, Near Gundagai / 35.12 / 147.45
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ABTC91135 / EU407700 / VIC / Barnawartha North / 36.05 / 146.75
Western Slopes / Western Slopes / ABTC91185 / EU407701 / VIC / ~8km NW Tangambalanga / 36 / 147
Outgroups
Platycercus adscitus / ANSP12311 / EU407711 / QLD / 2 km SW Saint George / 28.04 / 148.34
Platycercus adscitus x eximius / ANSP12304 / EU407710 / QLD / Gold Coast, Palm Beach
Platycercus eximius / ANSP10767 / EU407707 / SA / Naracoorte area
Platycercus eximius / ANSP10831 / EU407708 / NSW / 4 km E Narrandera / 34.46 / 146.34
Platycercus eximius / ANSP10833 / EU407709 / NSW / 4 km E Narrandera / 34.46 / 146.34
Platycercus venustus / ABTC27795 / EU407712 / NT
Platycercus venustus / ABTC28109 / EU407713 / NT
Platycercus venustus / ABTC28669 / EU407714 / NT
Platycercus icterotis / ABTC10436 / EU407706 / WA / Near Collie / 33.21 / 116.09
Platycercus icterotis / ABTC10412 / EU407705 / WA / Near Donnybrook / 33.54 / 115.49
Polytelis anthopeplus / ABTC02762 / EU407715
Polytelis anthopeplus / ABTC03096 / EU407716
Psephotus dissimilis / ABTC02902 / EU407717 / SA / captive / -- / --
Psephotus varius / ABTC03059 / EU407718 / SA / Sedan / 34.34 / 139.17
Purpureicephalus spurius / ANWC11001 / DQ105447 / WA / 10 km N Mt Barker / 34.37 / 117.40
Purpureicephalus spurius / WAM27818 / EU407719 / WA / KingRiver / 34.55 / 117.54
2. Microsatellites. Coding in the column 'Population: GENELAND' indicates first the phenotype of a specimen and then its GENELAND classification as defined in the text by the superscript notation. Thus, Yellow:EasternGL is phenotypically a Yellow Rosella, Yellow, but has been identified by GENELAND as belonging in the EasternGL cluster and thus indicative of introgression of Crimson into Yellow. Abbreviations as above. See Figure 2 for detail.
Sequence / Specimen / Population: GENELAND / Latitude (deg.minS) / Longitude (deg.minE) / Locality1 / ABTC92420 / Crimson:WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
2 / ABTC92421 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
3 / ABTC92422 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
4 / ABTC92423 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
5 / ABTC92424 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
6 / ANSP 12687 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
7 / ANSP 12693 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
8 / ANSP 12698 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
9 / ANSP 12699 / Crimson: WesternGL / 35.90 / 136.55 / KangarooIsland
10 / ABTC92414 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 32.83 / 138.00 / Mambray Creek
11 / ABTC92415 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 32.19 / 138.01 / Warren Gorge
12 / ABTC92460 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 32.19 / 138.01 / Warren Gorge
13 / ANSP10683 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 32.19 / 138.01 / Warren Gorge
14 / ABTC91207 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 35.63 / 138.18 / Delamere
15 / ABTC91208 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 35.63 / 138.18 / Delamere
16 / ABTC91209 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 35.63 / 138.18 / Delamere
17 / ABTC91223 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 35.63 / 138.18 / Delamere
18 / ABTC91224 / Adelaide: WesternGL / 35.63 / 138.18 / Delamere