Intro to LinguisticsAutumn 2010

Morphology homework 2

Due Wednesday, October 6

1.Kashaya (57 points)

1.1.Fill in the missing forms of these Kashaya verbs. (28 points; 2 each)

Verb formMeaningVerb formMeaning

bahcúw‘to jump’kelci‘peek!’

‘after peeking’bahcubedu‘always jumps’

cahci‘crack it apart!’

‘always sits down’cahcíw‘to sit down’

mobahcúw‘after jumping’coqo‘shoot!’

bahcumocahcíw‘after sitting down’

duʔkʼáw ‘to fly’

‘after cracking apart’kelcikedu

coqocedu‘always shoots’‘fly!’

mocadúwcoqów‘to shoot’

kelcíw ‘to peek’caducedu

‘always cracks it apart’mocoqów

1.2.Explain your process for determining these missing forms. Explain this clearly and step by step, as though you were explaining to a linguistically naïve friend how to approach this kind of problem. Use examples if that would help. (You should describe a fairly general procedure here, cf. question 1.3.) (9 points)

1.3.Now explain how you arrived at the following specific answers (in the blanks provided, remind me what you filled in for each verb/meaning in 1.1). (8 points; 4 each)

a. must mean ‘after peeking’ because:

b.caducedu must mean because:

1.4.Write a general rule for producing habitual (‘always ___’) verb forms in Kashaya. Make sure to specify another verb form that you are using as the base. (6 points)

1.5.The verb cahacíw means ‘to get married’. Imagine that you are trying to explain the romantic history of someone who’s been married 5 times to a monolingual Kashaya speaker. You use the word cahacedu to mean ‘always gets married’. They say you’ve used the wrong form of the word. Why? (6 points)

2.Piro (43 points)

2.1.Consider the following data:

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Intro to LinguisticsAutumn 2010

SingularPlural

‘scorpion’nakʃirnankʃir

‘worker’ pion pipion

‘cardinal’ sipuksispuk

‘blacksmith’ hiro hihiro

‘lion’mavit mamvit

‘firecracker’ kuitas kukuitas

‘dress’ ʔiput ʔiʔiput

‘party’ piast̪pipiast̪

SingularPlural

‘cocoon’ kosvurkoksvur

‘wart’ ʔupurik ʔuʔupurik

‘lower skull’ kuʃva kukʃva

‘soul’ doakag dodoakag

‘lima bean’ havor hahavor

‘earlobe’ naknank

‘firefly’t̪aivig t̪at̪aivig

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Intro to LinguisticsAutumn 2010

Your project is to write a rule (or set of rules) that produces the correct plural form of each Piro noun. Questions that might be useful in doing this include:

  • Is there one process that applies to all words?
  • If there are multiple processes, do all of the words undergoing each process share any properties?
  • If you’re stumped, you might try writing a super-specific rule for each word, then looking for patterns in these rules. (25 points)

2.2.Explain, step by step, how your rule produces the following plural forms. (10 points; 5 each)

a.piast̪pipiast̪ ‘parties’

b.havor  hahavor ‘lima beans’

2.3.Use your rule to predict the plural forms of the following Piro nouns. (8 points; 2 each)

a.‘moon’maʃad b.‘rock’ hod̪ai

c.‘pet’ ʔoiga d.‘packrat’ koson

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