Study guide
Biology 1 and Honor’s Biology
Final Exam 2015
This exam will focus primarily on 3rd and 4th quarter material.
I will have a few ‘basic’ biology principles that have a common thread throughout the year included on this exam. Ex. diffusion, surface area, producer, consumer etc.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
Nitrogenous base double helix DNA replication mRNA
rRNA tRNA transcription translation
Protein synthesis mutation point mutation frameshift mutation
Mutagen
1. Analyze the structure of DNA and be able to label the structure of a DNA molecule.
2. Relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
3. Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis.
4. Compare the effects of different kinds of mutations on cells and organisms.
5. Explain the steps in transcription and translation in making a protein.
Genetics
Pedigree Carrier Homozygous Heterozygous
Incomplete dominance Codominance Dominance
Sex-linked traits Karyotype Alleles Punnett squares
Genotype Phenotype
1. Define the following symbols used in a pedigree: a square, a circle, an unshaded circle, a shaded square, a horizontal line, and a vertical line.
2. Be able to do a simple genetics problem based on dominance, incomplete dominance and complete dominance.
Chapter 15 The theory of evolution
Artificial selection natural selection mimicry camouflage
Homologous structure analogous structure vestigial structure embryo
Gene pool stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection
Speciation geographic isolation reproductive isolation
Gradualism punctuated equilibrium biochemistry evidence
1. Summarize the effects of the different types of natural selection on gene pools.
2. Explain and illustrate why the evolution of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria is an example of directional natural selection.
3. How can geographic isolation change a population’s gene pool?
4. Explain how mimicry and camouflage help species survive.
5. How do homologous structures provide evidence for evolution?
6. Some snakes have vestigial legs. Why is this considered evidence for evolution?
Chapter 17 Organizing life’s diversity
Classification Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature DKPCOFGS
Protist Fungus Plant Animal Bacteria
Archaebacteria Aristotle Linnaeus
1. For what reasons are biological classification systems needed?
2. Give two reasons why binomial nomenclature is useful.
3. What are the similarities and dissimilarities of eubacteria and archaebacteria?
4. What does it mean for species to have an evolutionary relationship?
PLANTS
Vascular tissue flowering plants conifers herbaceous annual
Biennial perennial deciduous cotyledon monocot
Dicot perfect flower imperfect flower pollination
Pollen ovule stigma style ovary
Filament anther pollen sac stomata
Make sure you review all your notes for the animal dissections~
Earthworm
Grasshopper
Crayfish
Frog
I will check my e-mail often if you have questions. I do start to fall asleep around 10 lately…ughhh….