Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Organelles, Virus, Specialized Cells Review

PROKARYOTES, EUKARYOTES, ORGANELLES, VIRUS, SPECIALIZED CELLS REVIEW

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.The cell theory applies to

a. / bacteria. / c. / multicellular organisms.
b. / plants and animals. / d. / all of the above

____2.Prokaryotes lack

a. / cytoplasm. / c. / a nucleus.
b. / a cell membrane. / d. / genetic material.

____3.Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

a. / plants / c. / bacteria
b. / animals / d. / all of the above

____4.Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

a. / stores DNA
b. / controls most of the cell’s processes
c. / contains the information needed to make proteins
d. / all of the above

____5.Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?

a. / cytoplasm / c. / chromatin
b. / nucleolus / d. / DNA

____6.Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?

a. / Only eukaryotes have nuclei.
b. / Only prokaryotes have nuclei.
c. / The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.
d. / The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

____7.Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?

a. / nucleolus / c. / chromatin
b. / ribosome / d. / cell wall

____8.Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?

a. / Golgi apparatus / c. / endoplasmic reticulum
b. / lysosome / d. / mitochondrion

____9.Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?

a. / Golgi apparatus / c. / vacuole
b. / mitochondrion / d. / ribosome

____10.Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

a. / chloroplast / c. / endoplasmic reticulum
b. / Golgi apparatus / d. / mitochondrion

____11.Which organelles help provide cells with energy?

a. / mitochondria and chloroplasts / c. / smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. / rough endoplasmic reticulum / d. / Golgi apparatus and ribosomes

____12.Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?

a. / rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
b. / ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
c. / smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
d. / mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane

____13.Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

a. / mitochondrion / c. / chloroplast
b. / ribosome / d. / smooth endoplasmic reticulum

____14.Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

a. / helps a cell keep its shape / c. / surrounds the cell
b. / contains DNA / d. / helps make proteins

____15.Which structures carry out cell movement?

a. / cytoplasm and ribosomes / c. / microtubules and microfilaments
b. / nucleolus and nucleus / d. / chromosomes

____16.Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is

a. / found in all organisms. / c. / a flexible barrier.
b. / composed of a lipid bilayer. / d. / usually made of tough fibers.

Cell ICell II

USE THE CELL ILLUSTRATIONS ABOVE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 17-22

____17.Which cell shows a typical plant cell?

a. / Cell I / c. / neither
b. / Cell II / d. / both

____18.What organelle is the small dense region within the nucleus and it assembles ribosomes?

a. / Structure A / c. / Structure K
b. / Structure O / d. / Structure D

____19.What organelle converts chemical energy found in glucose into a useable form of energy?

a. / Structure F / c. / Structure G
b. / Structure N / d. / Structure M

____20.The organelle with the green pigment chlorophyll, and it uses sunlight to make glucose.

a. / Structure E / c. / Structure G
b. / Structure N / d. / Structure M

____21.Structure found in plant cells, and this outer support layer surrounds the cell membrane.

a. / Structure A / c. / Structure K
b. / Structure L / d. / Structure M

____22.Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

a. / Structure F / c. / Structure O
b. / Structure N / d. / Structure G

____23.Which organelle is present in the cells of a bean plant but not present in the cells of a mouse?

a. / cellwall / c. / cell membrane
b. / nucleus / d. / centriole

____24.Which of the following cell processes would stop first if all the lysosomes in a cell were suddenly destroyed?

a. / active transport / c. / protein synthesis
b. / cellular respiration / d. / intracellular digestion

____25.The diagram shown represents an animal cell. What is the function of structure X?

a. / Synthesizes cellulose / c. / Controls cellular respiration
b. / Produces centrioles / d. / Regulates homeostasis

____26.Which of these is a characteristic of muscle cells that require large amounts of energy?

a. / They have a large number of mitochondria
b. / They have a supplementary Y chromosome
c. / They have a two-layer membrane.
d. / They have a storage area for albumin proteins.

____27.Which diagram represents an organelle that contains the enzymes needed to synthesize ATP?

a. / Mitochondria
b. / Golgi apparatus
c. / Rough ER
d. / Nucleus

____28.Which structures found in a cell would provide the best evidence that the cell is eukaryotic?

a. / Chromosomes / c. / Carbohydrates
b. / Cell Walls / d. / Endoplasmic reticulum

____29.Bases on what you know about the function of mitochondria, in which of the following would you expect to find more mitochondria?

a. / muscle cells / c. / stomach cells
b. / skin cells / d. / bacterial cells

VIRUS QUESTIONS

1. Viruses can only replicate-

1. Inside a host cell
2. Along a cellular membrane
3. Outside a nucleus
4. Between host cells

1. The process of injecting an organism with a harmless form of a virus to stimulate the immune systemto make antibodies to the virus is known as a

1. Retroviration
2. Vaccination
3. Aerobication
4. Respiration

1. Which of these statements characterizes the lytic cycle?
2. Viruses in dormant stage undetected by the host cell as the cell replicates
3. Cell DNA is altered by presence of viral genetic material
4. Host cell is destroyed and viral particles released to go to infect new host cells

A.i only

B.i and ii

C.ii only

D.iii only

Use the diagram and the chart below to answer questions 4 & 5.

Characteristic / Organism A / Organism B / Organism C
Nucleus / NO / NO / YES
Genetic Material / DNA or RNA / DNA and RNA / DNA and RNA
Organelles / Not Present / Non-membrane bound / Specialized Organelles
Cells / Not Present / Present / Present
Reproduction cycle / Lytic or Lysogenic / Asexual / Sexual

AB C

4 Which of the following pairs correctly identifies the organisms in the chart

1. Organism A – Virus
2. Organism C – Virus
3. Organism A – Eukaryote
4. Organism B – Prokaryote

A.i and ii

B.ii and iii

C.iii and iv

D.i and iv

5 Organism A is known to cause diseases such as HIV and influenza. Which of the following statements about organism A is correct

A.Organism A has a cell membrane

B.Organism A can perform functions of living things

C.Organism A requires a host cell to reproduce

D.Organism A contains membrane bound organelles