H. BiologyUnit 2 Review Guide – BiochemistryName ______

C. 2Comedy is acting out optimism.

- Robin Williams

Part 1. Sections.

2.1 The Nature of Matter. (page 34 -38)

a. Be able to use your periodic table to do the following.

1. Locate an element using the atomic number. (I.e. what is the element with Atomic number = 92?)

  1. From your periodic table, know if an element is a solid, metal, gas, liquid, non-metal. (i.e. give an example of a non-metal).
  1. Know how atomic number and atomic weight relate to an atom. Understand what an isotope is.
  1. Know the structure of an atom (protons, neutrons, and electrons). Know where they are and what their charges and masses are. Be able to describe an elements nucleus and electrons.
  1. Know how a compound forms and give some examples of compounds. Know the difference between an atom and a molecule.
  1. Know the difference between ionic, covalent and polar covalent bonds and give some examples.

2.2 Properties of water. (pages 40 – 44)

  1. Be able to draw a water molecule and indicate its polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
  1. Understand the physical properties of water (cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity, and functions as a solvent) that make it so important. Know what a mixture and a pure substance is
  1. Know what capillary action is and understand the difference between solutions and suspensions. Why is water such a good solvent?
  1. Given a picture of the pH scale, know the areas where acids, bases and neutral solutions exist.
  1. Give two examples of acids, bases and list the important buffer of the body and be able to describe why it is important.
  1. List at least 6 different properties or characteristics of water.

2.3 Carbon Compounds. (pages 45 – 49)

8. What are the important elements for living things? (6)

9. Why is carbon so important? What are monomers and polymers? Know the name of the reaction that the body uses to make large polymers.

  1. Know what carbohydrates are. Know the difference between monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Be able to give examples of each.
  1. Know the general structure of lipids and their importance. Know the general structure of a triglyceride. Know how phospholipids form cell membranes. Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats. Know the distinction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
  1. Know the general structure and importance of nucleic acids. Know what a nucleotide and be able to describe its three parts.(page 48). What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
  1. Know the general structure and importance of proteins. What are amino acids? (p. 48-49)
  1. What are the 4 levels of organization in a protein?

2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. (pages 50 – 53)

  1. What is a chemical reaction? What are reactants and products?
  1. What is the importance of activation energy? When is it needed?
  1. How do enzymes function as catalysts? What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
  1. What are some factors that affect enzyme activity? List an example as discussed in class.

Part 2. Graphing Situation. Look at the graph below and answer the questions.

pH of sugarase and the amount of CO2 given off.

2.5

Rate of 2.0

CO2prod.

1.5

1.0

.5

0

6.06.57.07.5

pH of sugarase

  1. At what pH was the enzyme most effective?
  1. What happened to the CO2 production as the pH rose above 7?
  1. What organ of the body would be the best place for this enzyme?
  2. Stomach (pH = 2)b. small intestine (pH = 7.2)c. large intestine (pH = 7.6)

Match the compound with its description.

  1. B.

C. d.

e. f.

g. h.

  1. Which of the compounds is a molecule of glucose?
  1. Which is an example of a triglyceride?
  1. Which molecule is an amino acid?
  1. Which molecule is a disaccharide?
  1. Which molecule is an example of a nucleotide?
  1. Which letter shows the formation of a dipeptide?
  1. Which molecule is the main constituent of cell membranes?
  1. Which molecule represents a carbohydrate polymer?
  1. Which of the molecules contain a phosphate group?
  1. Which of the molecules contain nitrogen?
  1. Which letter shows dehydration synthesis?
  1. How many compounds are carbohydrates?
  1. Which compounds are organic?
  1. Which compounds were made by dehydration synthesis?
  1. Which compounds are composed of amino acids?
  1. Which compounds are lipids?
  1. Which compounds are composed of amino acids?
  1. Look at the array of water molecules below. Is this a picture of liquid, gaseous or solid (ice) water? Indicate where a hydrogen bond is.