19th CENTURY REVIEW SHEET
Early 1800s
What did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton have in common?
Both were women’s rights activists who planned the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848
Name two pieces of advice that George Washington gave in his farewell address?
U.S. should avoid entangling alliances with European countries.
Political parties were ruinous to the nation.
What did Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann have in common?
Both were early 1800s century reformers.
Dix worked on prison and asylum reform.
Mann encouraged the states to provide free public education.
List two factors that led to the U.S. War with Mexico.
- Manifest Destiny: U.S. though it had a God-given right to expand to Pacific
- Border dispute with Mexico
List two parts of Alexander Hamilton’s economic plans.
- Create a national bank
- Raise tariffs to promote manufacturing
- Have the Federal government take on the states’ Revolutionary War debts
Civil War
What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 do?
Maine admitted as a free state.
Missouri admitted as a slave state.
Slavery prohibited in territories north of 36°30’ line.
Compare the societies and economies of the northern and southern sections of the nation.
NorthBeginning to industrialize.Free wage labor. SouthPlantation system. Slave labor. Cotton = #1 Export
Name 3 parts of the Compromise of 1850.
- CA admitted as free state
- Popular sovereignty to decide slavery in NM and UT
- Slave trade (but not slavery) abolished in Washington, D.C.
- Fugitive Slave Act: North must capture & return runaway slaves
How did the Kansas-Nebraska act only increase tensions over slavery?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed both states to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty.
Abolitionists mad because it undoes the MO Compromise.
Bleeding KS: Violence between abolitionists and slave holders
What event pushed the first southern states to secede? Why?
The Election of 1860
Lincoln, an abolitionist, was elected in a four-way election without a single electoral vote from a southern state.
Reconstruction
What did southerners call a northerners who moved south in order to participate in Reconstruction?
A Carpetbagger
Describe one similarity between Lincoln and Johnson’s Reconstruction plans?
Both wanted to go easy on the South in order to heal the nation.
Both believed the South had not seceded (and hence did not have to be re-admitted by Congress)
Liberally issued pardons to southerners
How did the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction differ from Johnson’s plan? (Give two examples)
Radical Republicans believed states had left Union and needed to be re-admitted by Congress
Congress wanted to punish confederacy
Congress required states to ratify 14th and 15th Amendments
Congress divided South into military districts
Congress did not allow former Confederates to vote or hold office
Congress created Freedmen’s Bureau
Congress required a 50% loyalty oath in South
Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?
IMMEDIATE REASON
Johnson violated tenure of office act by firing his Sec. of War.
UDERLYING REASONS
Radical Republicans disliked Johnson because he was too easy on the South
Congress wanted to take control of Reconstruction from the President
Why did Reconstruction end?
Reconstruction ended with the election of 1876. Democratic candidate Tilden won the popular vote, but Republican Hayes disputed the electoral vote. The compromise did the following:
Compromise of 1877
-Democrats agreed to allow Hayes to be President
-Republicans agreed to end military Reconstruction in the South
The West
How did the Federal government encourage the construction of the first transcontinental railroad?West for
They provided two competing companies with subsidies and free land for every mile of track they could build.
What was the forced removal of the Cherokee Indians called?
The Trail of Tears
What was the main purpose of the Dawes Act?
To force Native Americans to assimilate by breaking up tribal holdings and giving them individual land titles instead.
What law offered free land on the Great Plains for settlers who would occupy it for 5 years and improve it?
The Homestead Act
What factors encouraged the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Nativist (anti-immigrant feelings) that stemmed from the perception that Chinese immigrants were undercutting white workers’ wages and causing higher unemployment.
Grab Bag
Which President first used the spoils system to reward his supporters with jobs in the federal government?
Andrew Jackson
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that a loose construction of the Constitution based on the elastic clause justified the creation of the first national bank?
McCulloch v. Maryland
Name one strength of both the North and the South at the start of the Civil War.
North
Larger population
More industrialized
More railroads
Better economy
South
Better Generals
Possibility of an Alliance w/ GB
How did Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war in the eyes of many Northerners.
At first Lincoln claimed the Civil War was a war for the preservation of the Union.
After the Emancipation Proclamation, many thought it was a war to end slavery.
What two battles are widely considered to be the turning points of the Civil War?
Gettysburg AND Vicksburg
Final Challenge
What factors were most responsible for causing the Civil War? (Name at least 3)
Sectionalism
States’ Rights vs. Strong Federal Power
Slavery
Inability to Compromise Further