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Chapter 8 Lesson 2 - 4 Study Guide
*Be able to identify the significance of each of the people, battles, and key terms listed below.
*Use text book pages 270-293.
VOCABULARY:
(Lesson2)Loyalist: someone who was still loyal to the King
(Lesson 2)Patriot: a colonist who opposed British Rule
(Lesson 2)neutral:not taking sides
(Lesson 2)inflation:a rise in the prices of goods
(Lesson 3)retreat:to move away from the enemy
(Lesson 3)mercenary:a soldier who is paid to fight for a foreign country
(Lesson 3)victory:success in battle
(Lesson 4)traitor:someone disloyal
(Lesson 4)strategy:a plan of action
(Lesson 4)surrender:to give up
PEOPLE:
(Lesson 2)Joseph Brant;Mohawk leader who sided with the British
(Lesson 2)Peter Salem:African American Patriot hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill
(Lesson 2)Deborah Sampsondressed in men’s clothes and joined the Continental Army
(Lesson 2)Phillis WheatleyAfrican American poet who wrote about freedom and a poem about George Washington
(Lesson 2)Martha Washington:George Washington’s wife; did all she could to help the soldiers
(Lesson 2)Nancy Morgan Hart:Famous Patriot of Georgia who once defended her home against a group of Loyalist fighters
(Lesson 3)George Washington:Leader of the Continental Army; forced the British out of Boston; led his army across the Delaware River on a surprise attack at Trenton against the Hessians
(Lesson 3)Nathan Hale:Patriot sent to spy on the British; he was captured; famous line “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
(Lesson 3)Benedict Arnold: Patriot hero of the Battle of Saratoga but later secretly changed side to British and became a traitor to the Patriots
(Lesson 3)Marquis de Lafayette:Young French soldier who joined Washington’s army; big help in the Battle of Saratoga
BATTLES/LOCATIONS:
(Lesson 3)Battle at Long Island: Aug. 1776, British defeated the Continental Army; Washington’s Army retreats
(Lesson 3)Trenton: Washington planned a surprise attack on enemy (German mercenaries, Hessians,); took almost 1,000 prisoners; Patriots won this battle
(Lesson 3)Valley Forge:G. Washington lost 2 battles in Penn. so the Continental Army had to stay here in Winter 1777; soldiers suffered- no huts, only tents, men slept on the frozen ground, food was scarce, many barefoot soldiers, MANY soldiers died of disease; by Spring1778, soldiers had more food and better uniform
(Lesson 3)Saratoga:2 fierce battles occurred; Americans won and forced more than 5,000 soldiers to surrender; Because of this victory, France agreed to help America
(Lesson 4)Yorktown: Washington takes Cornwallis (British) by surprise; fired cannons at the British day and night; Oct. 19, 1781 British army surrendered.
(Lesson 4)Treaty of Paris: Sept. 3, 1783 United States & Britain sign; 1 - gave USA independence and 2- gained land (reached north to Canada, west to Mississippi River, and south to Spanish Florida)
(Lesson 4)France (What was their impact?): They were very helpful after the Battle of Saratoga; French navy blocked the Yorktown harbor so British ship could not get through; French soldiers fired cannons night and day at Yorktown.