INVERTEBRATE SUMMARY CHART

PHYLUM / COMMON NAME / CHARACTERISTICS / BIOTECH PRODUCTS
CHORDATA
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
CRANIATES:
have a skull / hagfish / skull made out of cartilage
lack jaws and vertebrae
Swim like a snake
slime glands / space-filling gel which can be used to stop bleeding during surgery.
VERTEBRATES:
have a backbone
complex nervous system
more elaborate skeleton
active predators / lampreys / lack jaws and they lack paired fins; use their rasping tong to penetrate the skin of the fish and ingest the fish's blood.
GNATHOSTOMES:
have jaws
lateral line system / (extinct)
CHONDRICHTHYANS: cartilage skeleton
No swim bladder / sharks and rays / Acute senses
Rays are bottom-dwellers that eat mollusks and crustaceans
OSTEICHTHYANS:
bony skeleton
swim bladder
operculum / Ray finned fishes
bass, trout, perks, tuna, herring, salmon trout / fins are modified for maneuvering, defense, and other functions / major source of protein for humans.
OSTEICHTHYANS: / Lobe-finned fishes
coelacanths
lung fish / rod-shaped bones in their fins
Have gills and lungs
burrow into the mud when pond dries up
TETRAPODS:
four feet
Eggs have no shell
Larvae have lateral line
Can breathe through their skin
Ectothermic
Fertilization is external / amphibians:
(frogs, salamanders) / life cycle includes a metamorphosis, only the larval stage has a lateral line system.
eggs laid in water
AMNIOTES:
have a yolk egg in a shell
No lateral line system
Scales, waterproof skin
Use only lungs for breathing
Fertilization is internal / reptiles:
(turtles) / Have a box like shell
Turtles are the only reptiles that can breathe through their skin.
Live in desert, ponds, or ocean
Ectothermic
AMNIOTES: / reptiles:
(Snakes) / limbless, elongate reptile
Carnivorous by either venomous bite, constriction, or swallowing prey alive
smells by using its forked tongue Ectothermic / venom is used to
stop excessive bleeding during vascular surgery and major trauma.
AMNIOTES: / reptiles:
(lizards) / four legs, external ear openings and movable eyelids Ectothermic
AMNIOTES: / reptiles:
(crocodiles and alligators) / Largest reptiles,
Live in water
Ectothermic
AMNIOTES: / reptiles:
(birds) / Feathers are modified scales
Endothermic
no teeth, lack urinary bladder,
bones are hollow, large brains
Some fly, some do not
MAMMALS: have hair and produce milk
Endothermic / Diaphragm, four-chambered heart
some mammals lay eggs
larger brain than other vertebrates
long duration of parental care
MAMMALS: / Monotremes
platypus and spiny anteater / lay eggs
lack nipples
MAMMALS: / Marsupials
opossums, kangaroos, koalas / completes its development while nursing in a maternal pouch
MAMMALS: / Eutherians (placental mammals) / Placentas are more complex than marsupials, longer pregnancy. Complete embryonic development within the uterus.
MAMMALS:
Eutherians / Primates
lemurs, the tarsiers, anthropoids (monkeys and apes) / Hands and feet adapted for grasping, nails instead of claws. Fingerprints, larger brain, eyes in front, well-developed parental care complex social behavior
Primates
lemurs / Madagascar
Primates
tarsiers / South East Asia
Primates
Old World monkeys / Africa
ground as well as tree-dwelling, lack a prehensile tail,
nostrils open downward.
Primates
New World monkeys / South America
live in trees, have prehensile tails, nostrils open to the sides.
Primates
Apes (gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans) / relatively long arms, short legs, no tail, and a larger brain in proportion to their body size than other primates.
Primates
Humans / Much larger brain, written language, symbolic thought, manufacture and use complex tools. Reduced jawbones and jaw muscles and a shorter digestive tract.