1. The heart pumps deoxygenated (deoxygenated/oxygenated) blood to the lungs. This means that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher (higher/lower) than the partial pressure of oxygen. When deoxygenated blood enters the lungs carbon dioxide molecules unload (unload/load) from the hemoglobin and oxygen loads (unloads/loads) onto the hemoglobin. This makes the blood oxygenated (oxygenated/deoxygenated). Oxygenated blood enters the heart so the partial pressure of oxygen is higher (higher/lower) than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the heart pumps oxygenated (deoxygenated/oxygenated) blood to the tissues. The tissues form carbon dioxide as a by product of oxygen unloading(unloading/loading).
  1. In summary….
  • Blood leaving the tissues and entering the lungs has a lower (higher or lower) partial pressure of oxygen.
  • Inspired air has a higher (higher or lower?) partial pressure of oxygen.
  • Alveoli have a lower(higher or lower?) partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
  • Blood leaving lungs and entering tissues have a lower (higher or lower?) partial pressure of carbon dioxide
  1. Ventilation-perfusion coupling is the relationship between the amount ofair reaching the air sacs of the lungs and the amount of blood reaching the lungs. *hint: the respiratory system and the circulatory system are VERY closed intertwined
  1. An increase in CO2 in the blood does what to the pH? decrease
  1. List 3 ways CO2 can be transferred within the blood? What about oxygen?

CO2: O2:

  • Dissolved in plasma
  • Bind to hemoglobin
  • Dissolved in plasma
  • Bind with hemoglobin
  • Bicarb in plasma
  1. What is myoglobin and what relationship does it have with oxygen?

Protein found in striated muscle. (ie skeletal and cardiac muscle)

It has a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin.

  1. Explain the difference between the Bohr effect and the Haldane effect?

Bohr effect-a decrease in the amount of oxygen associated with hemoglobin (oxygen unloading at tissue surface) *in response to lower pH higher CO2 conc.

Haldane effect-deoxygenating of blood increases CO2 loading