APlants Characteristics:

1Photosynthesis

aPlants contain the ______

bThey are considered producer because can ______

cPhotosynthesis:

dRespiration:

2______that coats most of the surfaces of plants, keeping plants from ______

3______-surrounded by to keep plants upright

a______make up the hard material

b______

4Reproduction

aTwo stages in their life cycle:

iSporophyte: ______

iiGametophyte: ______

BThe Origin of Plants:

1Some scientists think green algae and plants share a common ancestor.

CTypes of Plants

1Nonvascular Plants-lack specialized ______

aExamples:

2Seedless Vascular Plants- contain ______

aExamples:

3Vascular Plants, WITH seeds, Nonflowering

a______-a woody vascular seed plant whose seeds are ______by an ovary or fruit

bExamples:

4Vascular Plants WITH seeds, flowering

a______- a flowering plant that produces seeds within ______

bExamples:

DNonvascular Plants:

aGrow on ______

bDo not have “______” stems, roots, or leaves

1Mosses

a______-is a ______that holds nonvascular plants in place

bHelps plants get ______

2Liverworts and Hornworts

aUsually live in ______

3Importance of Nonvascular Plants

aUsually the ______to live in a new environment

bWhen they die, form a ______

cAnimals may ______nonvascular plants or use for ______

dPeat moss-used in potting soil

eDead peat moss can be used as ______

ESeedless Vascular Plants

1Vascular Tissues

a______transports ______through the plant

b______transports ______to all parts of a plant

2Ferns

aHave a ______

bRhizome is an ______from which ______and ______can grow

cFern leaves are also known as fronds or fiddleheads

3Horsetails and Club Mosses

aStems are ______

bGives it a ______

cDO have vascular tissue

4The Importance of Seedless Vascular Plants

aform soil and ______

bUse to grow very large houseplants

cFiddlehead of ferns can be ______

dHorsetails are used in ______, shampoos, and skin-care products

eRemains that died about ______

fCoal is a ______that humans rely on for energy.

FVascular Plants With Seeds

1Characteristics:

aProduce ______

bContains ______

cSeed ______young sporophytes

dSperm form inside ______

ePollen can be transported by ______

fMost ______on Earth today

gConsidered to be a ______

2Seed Structure

aSporophyte – ______

bCotyledon – ______

cSeed Coat – ______the young plant

iAdvantage

  1. Young plant is ______
  2. Can be ______by animals

GGymnosperms: Vascular plants with seeds but without flowers

1Characteristics:

aSeed plants that ______

bSeeds are ______

2Groups:

1

a______

b______

c______

d______

1

3Life Cycle:

aConifer- “______”

bPollen contain ______(male)

cFemale gametophyte produces ______

d______

ePollination-transfer of pollen from the ______

4Importance:

aPeople use conifer wood for ______

bPine trees produce ______

cResin is used to make ______

dUsed to produce anticancer drugs, anti-allergy drugs

ePopular in gardens and parks

HAngiosperms: Vascular Plants with seeds and with flowers

1Characteristics:

aProduce ______

bMost ______plants today

c______help angiosperms ______

dFlowers attract animals (insects)

eFruits ______seeds

2Importance:

aProvide many land animals with ______

bMajor ______, for example corn, wheat, rice

cUsed for ______

dFlowering plants are also used to make ______

3Classes:

iMonocots

ii
Dicots

Monocot / Dicot
Cotyledon
Vascular arrangement
Leaf veins
Flower parts
Roots
Examples

4Roots

aSupply plants with ______from the soil

bHolds the plants ______

c______made during photosynthesis

dRoot Systems:

i______- one main root

ii______– has several roots that spread out from the base of the plant’s stem

5Stems

aSupport the plant

ileaves are arranged to get ______

iihold up flowers

bTransport materials between the root system and the shoot system

i______

ii______

cSome store materials

dTypes:

i______stems – soft, thin, and flexible

ii______stems – rigid stems

6Leaves

aFunction

i______

ii______capture energy from the sunlight

bStructure:

i______– tiny openings in the epidermis that let carbon dioxide enter the leaves

ii______– open and close the stomata

7Flowers

aSepals – ______that make up the outermost ring of the flower and ______

bPetals – one of the ring or rings of the usually ______
______of a flower.

cAttract insects or other animals to the flower.

dMale reproductive structures of the flower

i______- holds the anther

ii______– produce pollen

eFemale reproductive structures

iUsually found in the ______

ii______-tip of the pistil, where pollen collects

iiiStyle-long, ______

iv______-produces eggs in ovule

fImportance:

iFlowers help plants ______

iiSome can be ______

iiiUsed in ______

BPHOTOSYNTHESIS

aThe process by which plants make their own food.

1Capturing Light Energy:

aChloroplast organelles in which photosynthesis takes place

bChlorophyll is the green pigment

2Making Sugar:

aCarbon Dioxide + Water light Energy Glucose + Oxygen

bSugar = Glucose

cCellular Respiration: The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

dOxygen + Glucose energy Carbon Dioxide + Water

3Gas Exchange:

aPlant surfaces are covered by a waxy cuticle

b**Stoma-openings in the leaf’s epidermis

c-stoma are surrounded by guard cells

d-Transpiration: loss of water from leaves

ePlants and other photosynthetic organisms form the base of nearly all food chains

fRely on cellular respiration to get energy

gCellular respiration requires oxygen

CREPRODUCTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS

1Sexual Reproduction

aPollination happens when pollen is moved from anthers to stigma

bUsually wind or animals move pollen

cAfter fertilization the ovule develops into the seed.

dThe ovary surrounding the ovule becomes the fruit. **

eWhen seeds are dormant, they are inactive

fGermination or sprouting

2Asexual methods:

aPlantlets-tiny plants grow along the edges of a plant’s leaves. These plantlets fall off and grow on their own.

bTubers- underground stems, or tubers, can produce new plants after a dormant season.

cRunners – above-ground stems from which new plants can grow.

DRESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT

1Environmental Responses

aTropism – growth in response to a stimulus

bPhototropism – change in the direction a plant grows that is caused by light.

cGravitropism – change in the direction a plant grows in response to gravity.

dHydrotropism –change in the direction a plant grows that is caused by water.

2Season Responses

aPlants respond to change in the length of day.

bAs fall and winter approach, days get shorter and nights get longer.

cAs spring and summer approach, days get longer and nights get shorter.

3Leaf Loss:

aEvergreen trees: shed their leaves year-round a little at a time so that some leaves are always on the tree.

iExamples: Pine Trees

bDeciduous trees: lose all of their leaves around the same time each year.

iExamples: Apple Trees

1