(Laissez-faire - A policy that identified with a strict free market economy during the Gilded Age

Trust - A trust is a type of business organization used to create a monopoly.

Assimilation - To absorb an ethnic group into the culture of a larger population

Conservation - The preservation and protection of natural resources

Nativism - A preference for native born people and a desire to limit immigration

Political Machine - An organization created by public officials to maintain and extend their power by providing needs in exchange for votes

Initiative - The way in which registered voters, through a petition, can force the legislature to act on a proposed law

Referendum - When citizens vote on proposed laws instead of the state or national legislative branch.

Jingoism - The belief in imperialism as a way of safeguarding a country’s national interests

Self Determination - The idea that all people in a territory should be independent and choose their own form of government.

Isolationism - The policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

Expansionism - The policy of increasing

a nation’s territory or influence

Spheres of influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other activities

Business Cycle - The pattern of prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery as seen in the economy

1877 – End of Reconstruction

1865-1900 – the Gilded Age

1898 – Spanish American War; Empire Building

1900-1920 – the

Progressive Era

1914-1918 – World War I(U.S. entry 1917)

1929 – The Stock Market Crash and the beginning of the Great Depression

1933 – FDR and the New Deal

Civil War Amendments

13th – ended slavery in the United States

14th – gave citizenship to the former slaves (Freedmen)

15th – gave former slave (males only) the right to vote

Progressive Amendments

16th - the graduated income tax

17th – direct election of Senators

19th – women the right to vote

Primary – Original records of events (eyewitness reports, speeches, letters by people in the event, autobiographies, photographs, and artifacts.

Secondary – interpretations of the events (textbooks, articles, biographies, and artifacts)

Electric Power – Edison and the light bulb

Telephone - Bell

Assembly Line (Mass Production) – Henry Ford

Airplane – The Wright Brothers

William Jennings Bryan – “Cross of Gold” Speech; Populist; Prosecutor at the Scopes Trial

Clarence Darrow- most famous lawyer of his time; defended labor, racial equality; and defended John T. Scopes

Theodore Roosevelt – Imperialist, Progressive (food and drug laws, conservation, National Park system,

Trustbuster) Bull Moose Party

Woodrow Wilson – Progressive Democrat Pres. during WWI, 14 Points, League of Nations

Susan B. Anthony – worked for women’s suffrage

WEB DuBois – African American leader NAACP

Charles Lindbergh –the “Spirit of St. Louis”

Herbert Hoover –President when the stock market crashed

Franklin Roosevelt – the New Deal and WW II

Andrew Carnegie – steel industry; U.S. Steel

Vertical Integration

The Railroad –Transcontinental 1869

Faster transportation, national market, led to other industries

Industrialization- economy of a nation that is driven by industry

Social Issues – Child Labor, Immigration, unionization

Immigration –

Old – Northern European Nation prior to 1890

New – Southern and Eastern Europe after 1890

Expanionism – spreading American democracy and free enterprise to other parts of the world

Panama Canal – 10 mile strip through Panama to enable ships to move quickly from Atlantic to the Pacific

Red Scare – threat that there was a conspiracy against the US government. Right after the Communist Revolution in Russia.

Growth of Cities – Migration from farms and immigration from Europe led to growth. Skyscrapers and elevators. Tenements, poor overcrowded living conditions emerge.

Farmers – the farmers through out this period will be poor except for the war

Homestead Act –

A tract of land set aside by the government for settlement

Used in the settlement of West

Reservations – land set aside to move the Natuve Americans

Barbed wire – invention that fenced the West and ended the Open range

Great Plains conditions – dry, treeless area cold winters, hot summers

Labor Strikes –

Great RR Strike 1877 (wage cuts) Haymarket Riot 1886 ( 8 hr day) Homestead (against Carnegie) Pullman (wage cuts) -

Child Labor – children work, no school, dangerous

Open Door policy –China will be open to all nations for trade.

U.S.S. Maine – sunk in Cuba ; helps start Spanish American War 1898

Roosevelt Corollary- shows US power in Western Hemisphere added to Monroe Doctrine

Influence of Seapower- book that inspired American Imperialism

Causes of WW I – Sinking of Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, Unrestricted Submarine warfare

Propaganda – used in WWI and WW II to demonize the enemy and help finance the war.

Prohibition 18th amendment, led to increase of crime, repealed in 1933

Flapper symbol of the modern female in the 1920’s

Dust Bowl Great Plains suffers severe drought and high winds. Leads to migration to California (Okies)

Bank Failures one of the reasons for the Great Depression. Roosevelt uses bank holidays to save the solid banks

Fire Side Chats – Roosevelt’s talks to the people by radio to reassure them that the government was there for them.

Public Works or CCC Roosevelt puts the people to work

Treaty of Versailles-

Ended WWI; Germany accepts the blame for the war

Harlem Renaissance – flowering of African American arts and literature in the 1920’s

New Deal- Plan of FDR to end the Great Depression. Increases the size of the federal government

FDIC – part of New Deal; insures and protects bank deposits today.

Social Security - part of New Deal; retirement, disability and families with deceased members; still here