Conceptual Physics Semester 2 Final Review

W = F dEp = m g h Ep = Fg hEk = ½ m v2P = W/tEfficiency = Eout/Ein

g = 9.8 m/s2

oC = 5/9(oF-32) oF = (9/5 oC) + 32K = oC +273E = m Cp(T2-T1)

  1. A vinyl record rotating a 33 RPM’s has an angular speed of:

a.33º/min.

b.55º/s.

c.200º/s.

d.55º/min.

  1. The speedometer on a bicycle registers speed by converting angular speed of the bicycle’s wheel to linear speed. What is the approximate speed that would be indicated by the speedometer of a bicycle wheel with a diameter of 0.70 meters rotating at a rate of 3.0 rotations per second?

a.2.2 m/s

b.4.3 m/s

c.6.6 m/s

d.21 m/s

  1. The source of the centripetal force that allows a race car to go around a corner is:

a.gravity.

b.friction.

c.inertia.

d.momentum.

  1. How much energy is needed to run a 60-watt light bulb for five seconds?

a.12 joules

b.30 joules

c.60 joules

d.300 joules

  1. As you move up through the levels of the energy pyramid, the amount of usable energy:

a.increases.

b.decreases.

c.can increase or decrease.

d.remains the same.

  1. The parabolic path followed by a projectile is referred to as the:

a. range.

b. trajectory.

c. circumference.

d. ellipse.

  1. The distance a projectile travels is dependent upon:

a. air resistance.

b. launch angle.

c. launch speed.

d. All of the above

  1. Angular speed can measure:

a. the rate at which an object moves in a straight line.

b. the rate an object revolves around an external axis.

c. the rate an object rotates around an internal axis

d. both the rate of rotating and revolving.

  1. Any force that causes an object to move in a circle is called ____ force.

a. gravitational

b. centripetal

c. linear

d. centrifugal

  1. A sport utility vehicle will roll over if the:

a. center of gravity is raised above its area of support.

b. area of support includes the center of mass.

c. center of mass passes outside of the area of support.

d. torque caused by the object’s weight is balanced

  1. When the total energy of a system remains the same over time, the system is in:

a.steady state.

b.cycle.

c.conversion.

d.transmission.

  1. Intermolecular forces between molecules of a substance are strongest when the material is a

a: solid.

b.liquid.

c.gas.

d.plasma.

  1. Ivy measures a temperature of 11ºC is which is equivalent to:

a.11ºF.

b.284 K.

c.11 K.

d.284ºF.

  1. Of the following, the one that would be considered a mixture is:

a.fruit salad.

b.oxygen gas.

c.table salt (sodium chloride).

d.Valerie

  1. Angular speed can measure:

a.the rate at which an object moves in a straight line.

b.the rate at which an object revolves around an external axis.

c.the rate at which an object rotates around an internal axis

d.both the rate of rotating and revolving.

  1. Mao watches a merry-go-round as it turns 27 times in 3 minutes. The angular speed of the merry-go-round is ____ rpm.

a.81

b.27

c.9

d.0.11

  1. One watt is equivalent to one:

a.newton/second.

b.(kilogram-meter)/second.

c.newton-meter.

d.joule/second.

  1. Three students are seated on a merry-go-round. Randy is seated closest to the center, Toby is seated near the outer edge, and Rasheed is seated between them. As the merry-go round turns:

a.Randy has the greatest linear speed but the lowest angular speed.

b.Toby has the highest linear speed and the same angular speed as the others.

c.Rasheed has the same linear speed as the others but the highest angular speed.

d.All three students have the same linear and angular speed.

  1. Batteries are devices that change chemical energy to ____ energy.

a. mechanical

b. radiant

c. electrical

d. nuclear

  1. Light is a form of ____ energy.

a. chemical

b. nuclear

c. radiant

d. thermal

  1. The rate at which work is done is called:

a. force.

b. efficiency.

c. power.

d. energy.

  1. The efficiency of a machine is reduced by:

a. effort.

b. work output.

c. oil.

d. friction.

  1. Where does the energy used to drive the water cycle come from?

a. Geothermal heat

b. The Sun

c. Air

d. Wind

  1. The efficiency of a machine is reduced by:

a.effort.

b.work output.

c.mechanical advantage.

d.friction.

  1. Efficiency can be defined as the ratio of:

a.work input to the work output.

b.work output to work input.

c.output force to input force.

d.input force to output force.

  1. Heat energy from the Sun is transferred to Earth by:

a.radiation.

b.conduction.

c.convection.

d.Kateeeeee

  1. Air spaces between the feathers of a down-filled coat cause the coat to be a good thermal:

a.convector.

b.conductor.

c.radiator.

d.insulator.

  1. In nature, heat will always flow from a:

a.cold object to the warm object.

b.small object to the large object.

c.warm object to the cold object.

d.large object to the small object.

  1. You cannot feel a gravitational force acting between you and a friend because:

a.gravity is a force applied only by Earth.

b.living things do not exert any gravitational force.

c.the mass of a person is not large enough to exert gravitational force that can be felt.

d.the distance between attracting objects must be very large for gravity to act.

  1. Factors that affect the amount of centripetal force on an object moving in a circle include all of the following EXCEPT:

a.speed of the object.

b.radius of revolution.

c.mass of the object.

d.direction of motion

  1. All of the following represent objects that are being accelerated EXCEPT a:

a.car moving around a corner at a constant speed of 30 miles per hour.

b.competitor in a track meet increasing speed at the finish line to pass another runner.

c.bird flying in a straight line from one tree to another at high speed.

d.jet airliner banking into a turn as it slows to prepare for a landing.

  1. Carlos eats a chocolate chip cookie and then climbs a set of stairs. In doing so, the chemical energy from the cookie is transformed into ______energy.

a.potential

b.kinetic

c.both potential and kinetic

d.neither potential nor kinetic

  1. The brakes on an automobile become hot when they are used continuously because the:

a.work input is being converted to heat.

b.work output is being converted to heat.

c.efficiency of the brakes is nearly 100 percent.

d.friction causes an increase in the efficiency.

  1. Batteries are devices that change chemical energy to ____ energy.

a.mechanical

b.radiant

c.electrical

d.nuclear

  1. An automobile is about 15 percent efficient. For every 6 gallons of fuel used by the car, the number of gallons actually used to move the vehicle is:

a.1.5

b.90

c.0.9

d.9

  1. When Kamyle holds her hand above the flame of a candle, she will receive the most heat by means of:

a.radiation.

b.conduction.

c.convection.

d.insulation.

  1. Materials that absorb radiation most effectively are also the best emitters of radiation. A wood stove for providing heat in a home will be most effective if it is:

a.white.

b.black.

c.silver.

d.red.

  1. The difference you feel when holding metallic and foam containers filled with hot liquid is caused mostly by the difference in the containers’ thermal:

a.radiation.

b.conductivity.

c.convection.

d.energy.

  1. The centripetal force on a 20-kilogram object revolving on the end of a 10-meter long cord is 20 Newtons. If the linear speed of the object is doubled, the centripetal force required to keep it moving in a circle of the same radius is ____ N.

a.10

b.40

c.80

d.200

  1. The force required to keep an object moving in a circle of the same radius while its mass is doubled and its speed is reduced to half would be:

a.the same.

b.doubled.

c.halved.

d.quadrupled.

  1. If the distance between two objects is doubled while the masses of both objects are doubled, the gravitational force between them is:

a.halved.

b.the same.

c.doubled.

d.quadrupled.

  1. The efficiency of most machines is less than 100 percent. Due to friction, energy seems to be lost. While the energy is not truly lost, it does work that is not useful or is converted to ____ energy.

a.thermal

b.radiant

c.potential

d.nuclear

  1. Which of the following statements are TRUE about nuclear energy?

a.Nuclear energy can result from splitting large atoms.

b.Nuclear energy can result from combining small atoms.

c.Nuclear energy is how the sun and stars make energy.

d.All of the above

Table of Specific Heats of Several Materials

Material / Specific heat (J/kgºC) / Material / Specific heat (J/kgºC)
water / 4,184 / oil / 1,900
aluminum / 900 / concrete / 880
steel / 470 / glass / 800
silver / 235 / gold / 129
wood / 2,500
  1. According to the table, the material requiring the most energy to raise its temperature from 20ºC to 40ºC is:

a.water.

b.gold.

c.oil.

d.wood.

  1. Of the following, the greatest amount of thermal energy would be contained in:

a.an ice cube.

b.a room full of air at 100ºC.

c.Sam.

d.the North Atlantic Ocean.

The graph represents the temperature changes that occur as 1.0 kilogram of a gas changes from a temperature of 200ºC to a solid at 20ºC:

  1. Referring to the figure above, if the 1.0 kilogram sample loses heat at a constant rate of 2.0 joules per minute, the phase of the substance with the greatest specific heat is:

a.solid.

b.liquid.

c.gas.

d.Meadow

  1. This toy bird balances on the tip of the finger because:

a.the torque caused by the force of the bird’s weight is greater at the beak than the tail.

b.the center of gravity is in line with the finger.

c.the bird’s weight is outside its area of support.

d.It can’t possibly balance like that. It must be glued onto the finger.

  1. Light is a form of ____ energy.

a.chemical

b.nuclear

c.radiant

d.thermal

  1. The rate at which work is done is called:

a.force.

b.efficiency.

c.power.

d.energy.

  1. The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element is a(n):

a. compound.

b. atom.

c. molecule.

d. mixture.

  1. The average random kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within an object is a measure of the object’s:

a. heat.

b. temperature.

c. thermal energy.

d. specific heat.

  1. The flow of thermal energy is called:

a. temperature.

b. specific heat.

c. heat.

d. thermal equilibrium.

  1. Heat energy from the Sun is transferred to Earth by:

a. radiation.

b. conduction.

c. convection.

d. insulation.

  1. In nature, heat will always flow from a:

a. cold object to the warm object.

b. small object to the large object.

c. warm object to the cold object.

d. large object to the small object.

  1. The average random kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within an object is a measure of the object’s:

a.heat.

b.temperature.

c.thermal energy.

d.specific heat.

Directions: Answer the following questions

1)Explain what the each of the variables in the linear speed equation, what is linear speed?

2)What is specific heat? What does it tell us about a substance?

3)What is the difference between centripetal force, and centrifugal force? Give an example of each

4)Explain what temperature is on a molecular level.

5)Explain what efficiency means with respect to physics.

6)Explain how the moon orbits the sun, what is the force that keeps it in motion, and why does it orbit us?