The plants listed below are only a few of the plants that are native to Taos County. They have been selected as suitable for landscaping in the areas where most people own houses and tend gardens. Besides being attractive, many are used as food, medicine, dyes, basketry and in ceremonies. Using native plants in gardens will attract wildlife, including butterflies, bees and birds.
Many of these plants are sold in nurseries in Taos or Santa Fe. All nursery-grown plants will require supplemental irrigation for three (3) months to three (3) years to get their root systems large enough and deep enough to be able to live on available rainfall and snowmelt. Transplanting wild plants is seldom successful and typically illegal. Collect only seeds that you intend to propagate and never more than 10% of the available seeds. Leaving seed ensures that the plant will sustain itself for future enjoyment and harvest. Some plants may not typically be considered when landscaping a garden; however you may find these plants already on your land and want to encourage the natives to grow.
Scientific names, common names, and habitats are as found in 4th edition of Flowering Plants of New Mexico by Robert DeWitt Ivey, Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants of New Mexico by Kelly W. Allred, A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3rd edition by Kelly W. Allred or PLANTS Database by the USDA (
Habitats by elevation follow the guidelines in Southern Rocky Mountain Gardens: A Native Plant Selection Guide published by The Native Plant Society of New Mexico.
- Sage Scrub - areas between the Rio Grande Gorge and the foothills such as mesas surrounding Taos or Carson.
- Piñon Juniper - lower foothills such as Deer Mesa or Stakeout, upper Weimer or Cañon foothills.
- Ponderosa - elevations above piñon-juniper scrub, originally a savanna, usually a mixture of meadows and fire-resistant shrubs such as Lama.
- Fir Aspen - elevations above ponderosas such as Taos Ski Valley or Shady Brook.
Habitats determined by environment:
- Needs Drainage - These plants grow in their elevations only on slopes or in sand where drainage is impeccable.
- Prefers Wet - in all elevation habitats, these plants are found only where they find extra moisture alongside a stream, acequia or pond or in a seasonally wet meadow such as found in El Prado. These are not water plants. They simply require rain run-off, a higher water table or an occasional watering.
- Tolerates Shade - although only a few of our plants require it, these thrive in some shade.
Where no bloom color is given, the inflorescence may be a catkin, cone or the petals may be inconspicuous or absent.
TREES
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Abies concolor / AB-ee-aysKON-color / white fir / /
Crataegus erythropoda / krah-TEE-gus
err-ee-THRO-poh-dah / hawthorn / white, red berries / / /
Juniperus monosperma / joo-NIP-er-us
mon-o-SPER-ma / oneseed juniper / purple berries / /
Juniperus scopulorum / joo-NIP-er-us
skop-yew-LOR-um / Rocky Mountain juniper / purple berries / /
Pinus edulis / PI-nus
ED-u-lis / piñon / /
Pinus ponderosa / PI-nus
pon-der-OH-sah / ponderosa pine / /
Populus angustifolia / POP-u-lus
an-gus-tee-FOL-ee-ah / narrowleaf cottonwood / / / /
Populus deltoides / POP-yew-lus
del-TOY-deez / Rio Grande cottonwood / / /
Populus tremuloides / POP-u-lus
trem-yew-LOY-deez / aspen / /
Prunus virginiana / PREW-nus
ver-jin-ee-AH-nuh / chokecherry / white, red berries / / / /
Pseudotsuga menziesii / soo-doe-SOO-gah
men-ZEEZ-ee-eye / Douglas fir / /
Quercus gambelii / KWER-kus
gam-BELL-ee-eye / Gambel oak / / /
SHRUBS
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Amelanchier utahensis / am-el-AN-keeryew-taw-EN-sis / serviceberry / white, white berries / / /
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi / ark-toe-STAF-il-lohs
oo-vah-ER-see / kinnickinnick or bearberry / white, red berries / /
Artemisia filifolia / ar-tem-EE-zsah
fil-eh-FO-lee-ah / sand sage / / /
Artemisia tridentata / ar-tem-EE-zsah
tri-den-TAH-tah / big sage / / /
Atriplex canescens / AT-trih-plex
kah-NES-sens / fourwing saltbush / / / /
Berberis fendleri / BER-ber-iss
FEND-ler-eye / Fendler’s barberry / yellow, red berries / / / /
Berberis repens / BER-ber-iss
REH-pens / creeping mahonia / yellow, purple berries / /
Ceanothus fendleri / see-ah-NO-thuss
FEND-ler-eye / mountain lilac / white / / / /
Cercocarpus montanus / ser-ko-KAR-pus
mon-TAN-us / mountain mahogany / / / / /
Chrysothamnus depressus / kris-o-THAM-nus
de-PRESS-us / Dwarf rabbitbrush / yellow / /
Chrysothamnus nauseosus / kris-o-THAM-nus
naw-see-Oh-sus / Chamisa, rubber rabbitbrush / yellow / / /
Dasiphora fruticosa / Das-ee-FOR-ah
fru-tee-KO-sah / Shrubby cinqfoil / yellow /
Fallugia paradoxa / fal-LOO-gee-ah
pare-ah-DOX-ah / Apache plume / white / / / /
Fendlera rupicola / fend-LER-ah
roo-pe-KO-lah / cliff fendlerbush / white / / / /
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LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Forestiera pubescens / for-est-ee-AIR-ahpu-BES-cens / New Mexico olive / / /
Holodiscus dumosus / ho-lo-DISK-us
dew-MO-sus / mountain spray / white / / / / / /
Juniperus communis / joo-NIP-er-us
kom-YEW-nis / common juniper / purple berries / / /
Krascheninnikovia lanata / kras-chin-en-NEE-ko-vee-a
la-NA-ta / winterfat / / / /
Lonicera involucrata / lon-ISS-er-ah
in-vo-lu-KRA-tah / twinberry / yellow, black berries / / /
Philadelphus microphyllus / fil-ah-DEL-fus
mi-KRO-fil-lus / littleleaf mockorange / white / /
Prunus americana / PREW-nus
ah-mer-ee-KAN-ah / wild plum / white, purple berries / / /
Rhus trilobata / RUS
tri-lo-BAH-tah / three leaf sumac / red berries / /
Ribes aureum / RYE-beez
AR-ee-um / golden currant / yellow, orange berries / / /
Ribes cereum / RYE-beez
SER-ee-um / wax currant / pink, red berries / /
Ribes leptanthum / RYE-beez
lep-TAN-thum / trumpet gooseberry / cream, black berries / / / / /
Rosa woodsii / ROE-sah
WOODS-ee-eye / Wood’s rose / pink / / / / /
Rubus neomexicanus / ROO-bus
nee-o-mex-eh-KAN-ahs / New Mexico raspberry / white, red berries / / /
Rubus parviflorus / ROO-bus
par-vih-FLOOR-us / thimbleberry / white, red berries /
Rubus idaeus / ROO-bus
i-DAY-us / red raspberry / white, red berries / / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Salix exigua / SAY-lixex-ZIG-u-ah / sandbar willow / / /
Sambucus racemosa / sam-BOO-kus
rass-ih-MO-sah / red elderberry / white, red berries / / / /
Shepherdia canadensis / shep-HERD-ee-ah
kan-uh-DEN-sis / russet buffaloberry / red berries / /
Symphoricarpos oreophilus / sim-for-eh-KARP-us
or-ee-OFF-eh-lus / Utah snowberry / white berries / / / /
Yucca baccata / YUK-ah
bah-KOT-ah / banana yucca / cream, green fruit / /
Yucca glauca / YUK-ah
GLOK-ah / soapweed yucca / cream, green fruit / /
FLOWERS
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Achillea millefolium / ah-KILL-lee-ahmil-lih-FOE-lee-um / common yarrow / white / / / / /
Aconitum columbianum / ak-on-EYE-tum
ko-lum-bee-AH-num / monkshood / blue / /
Actaea rubra / ak-TAY-ah
ROO-brah / baneberry / white, red or white fruit / /
Agoseris aurantiaca / ah-go-SEER-is
aw-ran-tee-AWK-ah / orange dandelion / orange / /
Allium cernuum / AL-lee-um
SIR-new-um / nodding onion / white / /
Anemone canadensis / ah-NEM-oh-nee
kan-ah-DEN-sis / Canada anemone / white / / /
Antennaria parvifolia / an-ten-AIR-ee-ah
par-ve-FO-le-ah / little leaf pussytoes / white / / /
Aquilegia caerulea / ak-will-EE-zsah
sir-EW-lee-ah / Colorado blue columbine / blue / / / /
Aquilegia desertorum / ak-will-EE-zsah
de-zer-TOR-um / desert columbine / red / / /
Aquilegia elegantula / ak-will-EE-zsah
el-eh-gan-TOO-lah / western red columbine / red / / /
Argemone hispida / ar-je-MO-nee
HIS-pi-dah / prickly poppy / white / / /
Arnica cordifolia / AR-ne-kah
kord-ee-FO-lee-ah / heartleaf arnica / yellow / /
Asclepias speciosa / ah-SKLEE-pee-as
spee-see-OO-sah / showy milkweed / pink / /
Aster falcatus var. commutatus / ASS-ter
fawl-KA-tus variety ko-mu-TAH-tus / prairie aster / white / / / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Astragalus missouriensis / ass-TRA-guh-lusmis-uhr-ee-EN-sis / purple locoweed / purple / / / /
Astragalus praelongus / ass-TRA-guh-lus
pra-LON-gus / stinking milkvetch / yellow / / / /
Brickellia grandiflora / bri-KELL-ee-ah
gran-deh-FLOOR-ah / tasselflower / yellow / / /
Calochortus gunnisonii / kal-oh-KOR-tus
gun-ne-SO-ne-eye / Gunnison mariposa lily / white or purple / / / /
Campanula rotundifolia / kam-PAN-yew-lah
row-tun-dih-FOH-lee-ah / harebell / blue / /
Castilleja integra / kas-til-LAY-yah
in-TEG-rah / southwestern paintbrush / red-orange / / / /
Castillleja linariifolia / kas-til-LAY-yah
li-NAR-ee-FO-lee-ah / tall paintbrush / red-orange / / / /
Chaetopappa ericoides / kee-toh-POP-ah
err-ee-KOY-deez / heath aster / white / / /
Corydalis aurea / kor-RID-ah-lis
AR-ee-ah / golden smoke / yellow / /
Dodecatheon pulchellum / doe-dee-KATH-ee-on
puhl-CHEHL-um / shooting star / magenta / /
Epilobium angustifolium / ep-il-LOW-bee-um
an-gus-tee-FO-lee-um / fireweed / magenta / / /
Erigeron coulteri / eh-RIDGE-er-on
KOL-ter-eye / Coulter’s daisy / white / /
Erigeron divergens / eh-RIDGE-er-on
di-VERG-ens / spreading fleabane / white / / /
Erigeron formosissimus / eh-RIDGE-er-on
for-mo-SIS-ee-mus / beautiful fleabane / lavender / /
Eriogonum jamesii / err-ee-OG-oh-num
james-ee-eye / antelope sage / cream / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Eriogonum racemosum / err-ee-OG-oh-numray-see-MOE-sum / redroot buckwheat / white /
Fragaria americana / fruh-GAR-ee-ah
ah-mer-ee-KAN-ah / wild strawberry / white, red berries / / /
Frasera speciosa / fra-ZER-ah
spee-see-OH-sah / elkweed / green / /
Galium boreale / GAL-ee-um
bor-ee-AL-ee / northern bedstraw / white / / / /
Gaura coccinea / GAR-ah
kox-SIN-ee-ah / scarlet gaura / pink / /
Gentiana parryi / jen-chee-AY-nah
pair-ee-eye / Parry’s gentian / dark blue / /
Geranium caespitosum / jer-AYE-nee-um
kas-pee-TOH-sum / purple geranium / purple / /
Geranium richardsonii / jer-AYE-nee-um
rih-chard-SO-nee-eye / Richardson’s geranium / pink / / / /
Geum triflorum / JEE-um
try-FLOOR-um / prairie smoke / pink /
Glycyrrhiza lepidota / gli-kee-RYE-zah
leh-pee-DOH-tah / American licorice / white / /
Gutierrezia sarothrae / goo-tee-EER-re-zee-ah
sar-o-THRAY / snakeweed / yellow / /
Helianthus nuttallii / hee-lee-AN-thus
nuh-TAL-ee-eye / Nuttall’s sunflower / yellow / /
Heliomeris multiflora / hee-lee-o-MER-iss
mul-tee-FLOOR-ah / showy goldeneye / yellow / / /
Heterotheca villosa / het-er-oh-THEE-kah
vil-LOH-sah / false hairy goldenaster / yellow / /
Hymenoxys argentea / hy-men-OX-iss
arr-jen-TEE-ah / perky Sue / yellow /
Hymenoxys richardsonii / hy-men-OX-iss
rih-chard-SO-nee-eye / Pingue bitterweed / yellow / / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Ipomopsis aggregata / eye-poh-MOP-sisag-reh-GAH-TAH / scarlet gilia / red / / /
Iris missouriensis / EYE-riss
mis-uhr-ee-EN-sis / wild iris / blue / / /
Liatris punctata / LEE-ah-tris
punk-TAH-tah / dotted gayfeather / purple / / /
Linum lewisii / LY-num
loo-ISS-ee-eye / blue flax / blue / / /
Lithospermum incisum / ly-thoh-SPUR-mum
inn-SI-zum / puccoon / yellow / /
Lupinus caudatus / loo-PI-nus
kaw-DA-tus / spurred lupine / blue / / / /
Maianthemum racemosum / my-AN-theh-mum
ray-see-MO-sah / false solomon’s seal / white / / /
Maianthemum stellatum / my-AN-theh-mum
steh-LAY-tum / starry solomon’s seal / white / /
Mirabilis multiflora / meer-AB-il-liss
mul-tee-FLOOR-ah / wild four-o-clock / magenta / /
Monarda fistulosa / mo-NAR-dah
fiss-tew-LOH-sah / wild bergamot / purple / /
Oenothera caespitosa / ee-no-THEER-ah
ses-pah-TOH-sah / stemless evening primrose / white / /
Oenothera hookerii / ee-no-THEER-ah
HOOK-er-eye / Hooker’s evening primrose / yellow / / / /
Opuntia macrorhiza / oh-PUN-tee-ah
mak-ro-RI-zah / western prickly pear / yellow / / /
Pedicularis centranthera / peh-dik-u-LAR-us
sen-TRAN-ther-ah / dwarf lousewort / rust / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Penstemon barbatus / PEN-steh-monbar-BAY-tus / scarlet penstemon / red / /
Penstemon crandallii / PEN-steh-mon
kran-DAL-ee-eye / Crandall’s penstemon / blue /
Penstemon inflatus / PEN-steh-mon
in-FLAY-tus / inflated penstemon / lavender / /
Penstemon strictus / PEN-steh-mon
STRIK-tus / Rocky Mountain penstemon / purple / / / /
Penstemon virgatus / PEN-steh-mon
ver-GAT-us / wandbloom penstemon blue / blue / /
Potentilla thurberi / Poh-ten-TEE-yah
THUR-bur-eye / scarlet potentilla / red / /
Pulsatilla patens / pull-sah-TEE-yah
PA-tens / pasqueflower / purple to white /
Rudbeckia laciniata / rud-BEK-ee-ah
la-sin-ee-AH-tah / cutleaf coneflower / yellow / /
Senecio flaccidus / Sen-EE-see-oh
FLASS-eh-duss / threadleaf groundsel / yellow / / /
Solidago simplex / sol-ih-DAY-go
sim-plex / Narrowgolden rod / yellow / /
Sphaeralcea coccinea / sfay-RAL-see-ah
kox-SIN-ee-ah / scarlet globemallow / red-orange / / /
Sphaeralcea angustifolia / sfay-RAL-see-ah
an-gus-the-FO-lee-ah / narrowleaf globemallow / orange / /
Sphaeralcea fendleri / sfay-RAL-see-ah
FEND-ler-eye / Fendler’s globemallow / red-orange /
Streptopus amplexifolius / strep-TOH-pus
am-plex-ee-FOH-lee-us / twisted stalk / white / / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae / sim-fee-oh-TRIK-umno-vah ANG-lee-eye / New England aster / purple / /
Thalictrum fendleri / thah-LIK-trum
FEND-ler-eye / Fendler’s meadowrue / green / / /
Thelesperma megapotamicum / thel-is-SPER-mah
meg-ah-po-TA-meh-cum / Hopi tea or cota / yellow / /
Thermopsis montana / Ther-MOP-sis
Mon-TAN-ah / Mountain goldenbanner / yellow / /
Townsendia eximia / town-SEND-ee-ah
ex-IM-mee-ah / Townsend’s daisy / purple / /
Townsendia exscapa / town-SEND-ee-ah
ex-SKAP-ah / Easter daisy / white / /
Tradescantia occidentalis / trad-es-KAN-tee-ah
ox-ee-den-TAL-iss / western spiderwort / purple / /
Valeriana edulis / val-eer-ee-AY-nah
ED-yew-lis / tobacco root / white / /
Veratrum californicum / ver-AT-trum
kal-eh-FOR-nee-kum / corn lily / white / /
Verbena macdougalii / ver-BEE-nah
mak-DOO-gal-ee-eye / spike verbena / purple / / / /
Verbesina encelioides / ver-beh-SEE-nah
in-see-LOY-deez / cowpen daisy / yellow / /
GRASSES
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Agrostis scabra / ah-GROS-tisSKAY-brah / rough bentgrass / / /
Aristida purpurea / ah-RISS-teh-dah
pur-PURR-ee-ah / red threeawn / /
Blepharoneuron tricholepis / blee-fah-roh-NEW-ron
try-ko-LE-pis / pine dropseed / / /
Bouteloua curtipendula / boo-tel-LOO-ah
kur-teh-PEN-du-la / sideoats grama / / / /
Bouteloua gracilis / boo-tel-LOO-ah
gra-SILL-is / blue grama / / / /
Bromus anomalus / BRO-mus
ah-NOM-ah-lus / nodding brome / / /
Bromus ciliatus richardsonii / BRO-mus
sill-ee-A-tus
rih-chard-SO-nee-eye / fringed brome / / /
Deschampsia caespitosa / des-KAMP-see-ah
ses-pah-TOH-sah / tufted hairgrass / / / /
Elymus canadensis / el-EE-muss
kan-ah-DEN-sis / nodding wildrye / / / / /
Elymus glaucus / el-EE-muss
GLAW-kus / blue wild rye / / /
Elymus trachycaulus / el-EE-muss
tray-kee-KAHL-us / slender wheatgrass / /
Eragrostis intermedia / err-ah-GROS-tiss
In-ter-MEE-dee-ah / plains lovegrass / / / /
Festuca sororia / fes-TOO-kah
so-ROR-ee-ah / ravine fescue / / / / /
Glyceria striata / gly-SEER-ee-ah
stree-AH-tah / fowl mannagrass / / / / /
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Hesperostipa comata / hes-per-o-STEE-pahko-MOT-ah / needle & thread / / / /
Hesperostipa neomexicana / hes-per-o-STEE-pah
Nee-o-mex-eh-KAHN-ah / New Mexico feathergrass / / / /
Hilaria mutica / hee-LAR-ee-ah
MEW-tee-kah / tobosagrass / / /
Lycurus setosus / ly-KEWR-us
see-TOH-sus / bristly wolftail / / /
Melica porteri / MEL-eh-kah
POR-ter-eye / Porter’s melicagrass / / / /
Muhlenbergia montana / muh-len-BER-jee-ah
mon-TAN-ah / mountain muhly / / /
Muhlenbergia torreyi / muh-len-BER-jee-ah
TOR-ee-eye / ring muhly / / /
Muhlenbergia wrighti / muh-len-BER-jee-ah
RYE-tee-eye / spike muhly / / /
Oryzopsis hymenoides / or-ee-ZOP-sis
hi-men-OY-deez / Indian ricegrass / / / /
Pascopyrum smithii / pas-ko-PI-rum
SMITH-ee-eye / western wheatgrass / / /
Pleuraphis jamesii / plur-A-fiss
JAMES-ee-eye / galleta / / /
Poa fendleriana / POH-ah
Fend-ler-ee-AN-ah / muttongrass / / /
Schizachyrium scoparium / skiz-ah-KEER-ee-um
skoh-PAR-ee-um / little bluestem / / / /
Sporobolus airoides / spoor-OB-oh-lus
air-ROY-deez / alkali sacaton / /
VINES
LATIN NAME
/PRONUNCIATION
/COMMON NAME
/COLOR – BLOOM, FRUIT
/Sage Scrub
/Piñon Juniper
/Ponderosa
/Fir Aspen
/Needs Drainage
/Prefers Wet
/Tolerates Shade
Clematis columbiana / KLEM-ah-tisco-LUM-bee-ah-nuh / rock clematis / purple / / / /
Clematis ligusticifolia / KLEM-ah-tis
lee-gus-teh-seh-FO-lee-ah / virgins bower / white / /
Humulus lupulus neomexicanus / HUME-yew-luss
LOOP-yew-luss
nee-o-mex-eh-KAHN-us / American hops / green / / / /
Lathyrus eucosmus / LATH-ih-rus
yew-KOZ-muss / wild sweetpea / pink / / / /
Parthenocissus vitacea / par-then-oh-SIS-us
vit-ah-SEE-ah / woodbine / / / / /
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