Latin I Final Exam Study Guide

Latin iFinal guide

Test format: tba

I. Grammar Define the following terms:

Term / Definition
Accusative
Action verb
Adjective
Adverb
Case
Conjugation
Conjunction
Declension
Direct object
Gender
Imperative
Indirect object
Indicative
Infinitive
Inflection
Interjection
Linking verb
Macron
Mood
Nominative
Noun
Number
Object of preposition
Person
Predicate nominative/noun, adjective
Preposition
Pronoun
Subject
Tense
Vocative
Voice

II. NounsA.Cases & Grammatical functions

Nominative is used for subjects and predicate nouns & adjectives. N.B. Predicate nouns and adjectives follow linking verbs, e.g. sum essefuīfutūrus “to be.”

e.g. Caeciliusestargentārius ______

e.g. Cerberus estīrātus ______

[Genitiveprovides noun stem, shows possession]

Dative is used for indirect objects: indirect objects answer the questions to whom/what or for whom or what something is given, shown, told etc. N.B. Verbs faveō, placeō and crēdō take a direct object in the dative case.

e.g.CaeciliusHolconiōfavet.______

Accusative is used for direct objects: direct objects answer the questions whom or what after the action verb. The accusative case is also used as the object of many prepositions.

e.g. Grumiōpāvōnemcoquit. ______

ad ______prope______

per ______in + Acc. ______

e.g.ambulant ad forum. ______

Ablative case is used with certain prepositions “sidspace.” N.B. Ab and ex appear before nouns that start with a vowel; a and e appear before nouns that start with a consonant.

sine______sub ______

in______prō ______

dē______ā/ab______

cum______

ē/ex______

e.g. Grumiōfābulamdēancillānārrat. ______

Vocative is used for direct address. Fill in rules for forming the vocative case

For most nouns, the vocative is the same as the ______.
For 2nd declension nouns ending in –us, the vocative ends in _____.
For 2nd declension nouns ending in –ius, the vocative ends in _____.
The vocative case often appears with the ______mood of the verb.
Give the vocative for Caecilius ______
Give the vocative for Metella ______
Give the vocative for Grumiō ______
Give the vocative for Cerberus ______
Give the vocative for “Slaves!” ______
Give the vocative for “Mothers!” ______

B. Fill in the following charts with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension endings.

Complete the table with the correct endings.

1st Declension / 2nd Declension / 3rd Declension
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

For practice, decline the words below.

vīlla / cibus / canis
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
via / puer / leō
Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural / Singular / Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

Identify the case of each noun in the following sentences.

puellaegladiatōrēs in arenāvident. ______

leōpedemagricolae in silvāostendit. ______

III. Adjectivesmodify nouns or pronouns

Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in case, number and gender. N.B. Adjectives do not have to agree with the nouns they describe in declension.

e.g. turba maxima erat in forō. ______

e.g. tūservumfidēlemnōnhabēs. ______

e.g. servusfidēlispecūniam in cubiculōcustōdit. ______

Adjectives have 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative. Give the appropriate translations:

e.g.notus______notior______notissimus______

celer______celerior______celerrimus______

Choose the adjective which correctly completes coquuscenam ______parat.

Revised 10/16/20181

Latin iFinal guide

a.)optimum

b.)optimi

c.)optimam

d.)optima

Revised 10/16/20181

Latin iFinal guide

Some adjectives are irregular in how they form their comparatives and superlatives. Fill in the chart below with the correct forms and English translations.

Positive / Comparative / Superlatives
bonus
“good”
malus
“bad”
magnus
“great”
parvus
“small”
multus
“much”

IV. Pronouns

Fill in the chart below with the correct form of each personal pronoun and their meanings:

Nominative Sing. / ego – I / tū– you
Genitive Sing.
Dative Sing.
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Sing.
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural

Define the following pronouns:

eum ______hic ______ille ______

V. VerbsA. Principal parts

Most regular verbs have 4 principal parts and you should have a working knowledge of the first three.

Principal part / Example / Use
First principal part / portō “I carry, do carry, am carrying” / First person singular present active
Second principal part / portāre “to carry” / Present active infinitive:

yields the present active stem
used for present and imperfect tensesactive
used for imperative active mood
identifies the conjugation

Third principal part / portāvī “I carried, did carry, have carried” / First person singular perfect:

yields perfect active stem
used for perfect active tense

The second principal part has several grammatical functions. Its final three letters will determine to which conjugation the verb belongs.

First conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -āre.e.g. laudāre
Second conjugation verbs have infinitives which end -ēre.e.g. vidēre
Third conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -ere.e.g. dūcere
Fourth conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -īre.e.g. audīre

N.B. Not all verbs are placed into a specific conjugation. Those verbs which are not placed into a specific conjugation are called irregular verbs because their principal parts and/or tense forms do not change in a consistent and predictable manner.

e.g. sum, esse, fuī, futūrus
adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus
absum, abesse, afuī, afutūrus

Answer the following questions about nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus “to sail.”

What is the perfect stem? ______
What is the first person singular present active? ______
What is the first person singular perfect active? ______
What is the present active infinitive? ______
What is the present stem? ______
To which conjugation does this verb belong? ______

B. Conjugating verbs

Conjugate and translate the following tenses for amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus “love.”