Knowledge of the Mind Through

CHAPTER LXXI

KNOWLEDGE OF THE MIND THROUGH

FACIAL INDICATION

†¬µÖÖµÖ - 71

´ÖãÜÖ»ÖõÖÞÖ –ÖÖ®Ö

701. 'The minister who understands the unuttered thought of his king by correctly reading the facial expression is an ornament to the earth surrounded by the wide ocean.'

701. †Ö¯Ö»µÖÖ ¸Ö•ÖÖ“Öê ´ÖãÜÖ³ÖÖ¾Ö ²Ö¸Öê²Ö¸ †ÖêôÜÖæ®Ö ŸµÖÖ®Öê ®Ö ˆ““ÖÖ¸»Öê»ÖÖ ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ ÃÖ´Ö•Öæ®Ö ‘ÖêÞÖÖ¸Ö ´ÖÓ¡ÖËß ´ÆÞÖ•Öê ×¾Ö¿ÖÖ»Ö ÃÖÖÝÖ¸Ö®Öê ¾ÖꜻÖ껵ÖÖ µÖÖ ¯Ö飾Öß“Öê ‹Ûú ³ÖæÂÖÞÖ“Ö †ÖÆê.

702. 'He who has an undoubted grasp of the ideas occuring in another's mind, though a man, will be considered a Divine Being.'

702. ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß •ÖÖê ¤ãÃÖ-µÖÖÓ“µÖÖ ´Ö®ÖÖÓŸÖ ˆšÞÖÖ-µÖÖ Ûú»¯Ö®ÖÖÓ“Öê ×®Ö:¿ÖÓÛú¯ÖÞÖê †ÖÛú»Ö®Ö Ûú¸ŸÖÖê ŸÖÖê ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö ®ÖÃÖæ®Ö ¤ê¾Ö ( פ¾µÖ•Öß¾Ö ) ´ÖÖ®Ö»ÖÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖê.

703. 'A person who is able to read the signs and understand clearly their signifinance must be apointed to state service by offering him, if necessery, any constituent member of the state.'

703. ´ÖãÜÖ³ÖÖ¾Ö †ÖêôÜÖæ ¿ÖÛúÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ¾Ö ŸµÖÖÓ“Öê ¾Öî׿Ö™µÖ ÃÖãïÖ™¯ÖÞÖê •ÖÖÞÖÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß“Öß ×®ÖµÖ㌟Öß ¸Ö•µÖÃÖê¾ÖêŸÖ Ûê»Öß ÝÖê»Öß ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê ¾Ö †Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛú ¾ÖÖ™»µÖÖÃÖ ŸµÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß»ÖÖ ¿ÖÖÃÖ®ÖÃÖ“µÖÖ ´ÖÆŸ¾ÖÖ“µÖÖ ‘Ö™ÛúÖÓŸÖ ÃÖ³ÖÖÃÖ¤Ÿ¾Ö ¤ê‰ú Ûê»Öê ÝÖê»Öê ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê.

704. 'A person who has an insight into the unuttered thought of another indivdual through correct reading of the signs and another person who is not so gifted, are entorely different from each other in capacity though they are similar to each other in human form.'

704. ´ÖãÜÖ³ÖÖ¾ÖÖ¾Öºþþ®Ö ¤ãÃÖ-µÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß“ÖÖ ®Ö ˆ““ÖÖ¸»Öê»ÖÖ ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ †ÖêôÜÖÞµÖÖ“Öê –ÖÖ®Ö †ÃÖÞÖÖ¸ß ¾µÖŒŸÖß ¾Ö וֻÖÖ Æß ®ÖîÃÖ×ÝÖÔÛú ¤êÞÖÝÖß »ÖÖ³Ö»Öß ®ÖÃÖê»Ö µÖÖ ¤Öê®Æß ¾µÖŒŸÖß ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Öß ºþþ¯ÖÖ“µÖÖ ¤é™߮Öê ‹Ûú´ÖêÛúÖÓ¯ÖÖÃÖæ®Ö ¯ÖæÞÖÔŸÖ: ׳֮®Ö †ÖÆêŸÖ.

705. 'Of what use is the eye, the best of the sense organs, to a person, if it does not give him through the significant facial signs, an insight into the unuttered thought of the individual perceived by the eye?

705. ¾Öî׿Ö™µÖ¯ÖæÞÖÔ ´ÖãÜÖ»ÖõÖÞÖÖ¾Öºþþ®Ö, ›ÖêôµÖÖ®Öê †ÖêôÜÖ»Öê»ÖÖ ‹ÜÖÖªÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß“ÖÖ ®Ö ˆ““ÖÖ¸»Öê»ÖÖ ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ †ÖêôÜÖÞµÖÖ“Öß †®ŸÖ¤éÔ媧 •Ö¸ ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖÖ“Öê ÃÖ¾ÖÖêÔ¢Ö´Ö –ÖÖ®ÖêÓצµÖ †ÃÖÞÖÖ¸Ö ›ÖêôÖ ¤ê¾Öæ ¿ÖÛúŸÖ ®ÖÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸ ŸÖÖê ›ÖêôÖ ÛúÖµÖ ÛúÖ´ÖÖ“ÖÖ?

706. 'Just as a crystal reveals the colour of the object placed close to it, so the face would reveal the emotional agitation in the mind.'

706. •µÖÖ¯ÖδÖÖÞÖê ñú×™ÛúÖ•Ö¾Öô šê¾Ö»Ö껵ÖÖ ¾ÖßÖæ“ÖÖ ¸ÓÝÖ Ã±ú×™ÛúÖ´Öãôê ¯ÖÎÝÖ™ ÆÖêŸÖÖê, ŸµÖÖ¯ÖδÖÖÞÖê ´Ö®ÖÖŸÖᯙ ³ÖÖ¾Ö×®ÖÛú õÖÖê³Ö “ÖêÆ-µÖÖ¾Ö¸ ¯ÖÎÝÖ™ ÆÖêŸÖÖê.

707. 'Is there anything more sensitive than the face? Whether the emotion be joy or anger it is the first to proclaim.'

707. “ÖêÆ-µÖÖ¯ÖêõÖÖ †×¬ÖÛú ÃÖÓ¾Ö꤮ÖÖõÖ´Ö †¿Öß ‹ÜÖÖ¤ß ÝÖÖê™ †ÖÆê ÛúÖµÖ? ³ÖÖ¾Ö®ÖÖ †Ö®ÖÓ¤Ö“Öß †ÃÖÖê Ûúß ÛÎÖê¬ÖÖ“Öß, ŸÖß ¯ÖÎ£Ö´Ö “ÖêÆ-µÖÖ¾Ö¸ ¯ÖÎÝÖ™ ÆÖêŸÖê.

708. 'In order to communicate with a person who has the gift of insight into another's mind through signs, it is enough to stand facing him.'

708. ´ÖãÜÖ³ÖÖ¾ÖÖ¾Öºþþ®Ö ¤ãÃÖ-µÖÖ“µÖÖ ´Ö®ÖÖŸÖß»Ö ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ †ÖêôÜÖÞµÖÖ“Öß ®ÖîÃÖ×ÝÖÔÛú ¤êÞÖÝÖß »ÖÖ³Ö»Ö껵ÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß¿Öß ÃÖÓ¾ÖÖ¤ ÃÖÖ¬ÖÞµÖÖÃÖÖšß ±úŒŸÖ ŸµÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖßÛú›ê ŸÖÖêÓ› Ûúºþþ®Ö ¸Ö×Æ»Öê ŸÖ¸ß ¯Öã¸ê.

709. 'The eye will clearly proclaim the hatred or friendship a man has to those who are able to read the varying expressions of the eye.'

709. •Öê »ÖÖêÛú ›ÖêôµÖÖÓ“Öê ²Ö¤»ÖŸÖê ³ÖÖ¾Ö †ÖêôÜÖæ ¿ÖÛúŸÖÖŸÖ ŸµÖÖÓ®ÖÖ ´ÖÖÞÖÃÖÖ“µÖÖ ´Ö®ÖÖŸÖᯙ «êÂÖ ×ÛÓ¾ÖÖ ´Öî¡Öß ›ÖêôµÖÖ¾Öºþþ®Ö ïÖ™¯ÖÞÖê Ûúôæ ¿ÖÛúŸÖê.

710. 'When you carefully examine, youfind that men of subtle and discerning intellect have no other criterion of truth than the revealing eye.'

710. ÛúÖô•Ö߯Öæ¾ÖÔÛú ¯Ö׸¿Öß»Ö®Ö Û껵ÖÖÃÖ †ÃÖê פÃÖæ®Ö µÖê‡Ô»Ö Ûúß ÃÖæõ´Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê“ÖÛú ²Ö㬤ߓµÖÖ »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ®ÖÖ, ²ÖÖê»ÖÛê ›Öêôê Æß“Ö ÃÖŸµÖÖ“Öß ÛúÃÖÖê™ß ¾ÖÖ™ŸÖê.

CHAPTER LXXII

THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE COUNCIL CHAMBERS

†¬µÖÖµÖ - 72

( ÃÖ³ÖÖÝÖéÆÖ“Öê –ÖÖ®Ö )

711. A person of clear intellect, well conversant with the use of words in a connected discourse will carefully study the nature of the audience and then only deliever his speech.'

711. ŸÖ¸»Ö ²Ö㬤ߴ֢Öê“Öß ¾Ö ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ×¬ÖŸÖ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖÖŸÖ ÛúÖêÞÖŸÖê ¿Ö²¤ ¾ÖÖ¯Ö¸Ö¾ÖêŸÖ µÖÖ“Öß “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öß •ÖÖÞÖ †ÃÖÞÖÖ¸ß ¾µÖŒŸÖß ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÓ“µÖÖ Ã¾Ö³ÖÖ¾ÖÖ“ÖÖ ÛúÖô•Ö߯Öæ¾ÖÔÛú †³µÖÖÃÖ Ûúºþþ®Ö ´ÖÝÖ“Ö ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú׸»Ö.

712. 'Before addresing the audience on a particular subject, a person who is well acquinted with principles of rhetoric and the art of eloquence would equip himself with a very clear knowledge of the subject and choose the proper occasion to speak on it.'

712. ‹ÜÖÖªÖ ×¾Ö׿Ö™ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖÖ¾Ö¸ ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú¸ÞµÖÖ¯Öæ¾ÖßÔ, ¾ÖŒŸÖ韾ÖÛú»Öê“Öß ŸÖŸ¾Öê †Ö×ÞÖ ÃÖÆ•Ö ÃÖã¸êÜÖ ¾Ö ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖ¸Ûú ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖÛú»ÖÖ µÖÖ ÝÖÖê媧 •µÖÖ»ÖÖ “ÖÖÓÝÖ»µÖÖ †¾ÖÝÖŸÖ †ÖÆêŸÖ †¿Öß ¾µÖŒŸÖß †Ö¯Ö»µÖÖ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖ–ÖÖ®ÖÖ“Öß •ÖµµÖŸÖ ŸÖµÖÖ¸ß šê¾Ö¯ÖŸÖê ¾Ö µÖÖêÝµÖ ¾Öêô ÃÖÖ¬Öæ®Ö ŸµÖÖ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖÖ¾Ö¸ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ ¤êŸÖê.

713. 'A person ignorant of council procedure venturing to speak, will not be able to place his facts in a coherent and logical manner, nor will his speech be effective.

713. ÃÖ³ÖꓵÖÖ ÛúÖ´ÖÛúÖ•ÖÖÃÖÓ²ÖÓ¬Öß †–ÖÖ®Ö †ÃÖÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß®Öê •Ö¸ ²ÖÖê»ÖÞµÖÖ“Öê ¬ÖÖ›ÃÖ Ûê»Öê ŸÖ¸, ŸÖÖê †Ö¯Ö»Öê ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ ÃÖãÃÖÓÝÖŸÖ¯ÖÞÖê ¾Ö ŸÖÛÔ¿Ö㬤 ¯Ö¬¤ŸÖß®Öê ´ÖÖÓ›æ ¿ÖÛúÞÖÖ¸ ®ÖÖÆß ×ÛÓ¾ÖÖ ŸµÖÖ“Öê ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖ¸Ûú ÆÖê‰ú ¿ÖÛúÞÖÖ¸ ®ÖÖÆß.

714. 'One should hold a learned discourse in an assembly of highly learned person. But in a gathering of illeterate men he would do well to keep mum like a wooden statue.

714. †Ö¯ÖÞÖ †×ŸÖ×¾Ö«Ö®ÖÖÓ“µÖÖ ÃÖ³ÖêŸÖ ×¾Ö«¢ÖÖ¯ÖæÞÖÔ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûê»Öê ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê. ¯Ö¸ÓŸÖã ×®Ö¸õÖ¸ »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ“ÖµÖÖ ‘ÖÖêôŒµÖÖÓŸÖ ´ÖÖ¡Ö »ÖÖÛú›ß šÖêÛúôµÖÖ¯ÖδÖÖÞÖê ŸÖÖêÓ› ×´Ö™æ®Ö ²ÖÃÖÞÖê †×¬ÖÛú “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öê.

715. 'It is the best of all good things to be modest and not to rush to speak first in an assembly of elders.'

715. ²Öã•ÖãÝÖÔ ´ÖÓ›ôß“µÖÖ ÃÖ³ÖêŸÖ ×¾Ö®ÖµÖ¿Öᯙ †ÃÖÞÖê †Ö×ÞÖ †Ö¬Öß ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú¸ÞµÖÖ“ÖÖ †×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ ®Ö Ûú¸ÞÖê Æß ÃÖ¾ÖÖêÔ¢Ö´Ö ÝÖÖê™ †ÖÆê.

716. 'A clever man commiting a blunder while speaking before a highly learned audience would be similar to a tottering fall from the height of the steep path of rightousness climbed up by a person engaged in spiritual discipline and self - realisation.'

716. ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ²ÖÖê»ÖŸÖÖ®ÖÖ ‘ÖÖꛓÖæÛú Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸Ö “ÖŸÖ㸠´Ö®Öã嵅 †Ö×ÞÖ †Ö¬µÖÖן´ÖÛú ¿ÖÖÃ¡Ö ¾Ö †ÖŸ´ÖÃÖÖõÖÖŸÛúÖ¸ µÖÖ´Ö¬µÖê ´ÖÝ®Ö †¿ÖÖ ¾µÖŒŸÖß“Öê “ÖÖ׸¡µÖÖ“µÖÖ ÜÖ›µÖÖ ˆÓ“Ö ×¿ÖÜÖ¸Ö¾Öºþþ®Ö ¯ÖŸÖ®Ö µÖÖ ¤Öê®Æß ÝÖÖê媧 ÃÖָܵÖÖ“Ö †ÖÆêŸÖ.

717. 'The culture of the highly learned will shine bright in the midst of those who are well acquinted with the principles and value of faultness speech in a debate.'

717. •Öê »ÖÖêÛú ¾ÖÖ¤ - ×¾Ö¾ÖÖ¤ÖŸÖᯙ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖÖ“Öß ŸÖŸ¾Öê †Ö×ÞÖ ×®Ö¤ÖêÔÂÖ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖÖ“Öê ´ÖÆŸ¾Ö µÖÖÓ“µÖÖ¿Öß ¯Ö׸“ÖßŸÖ †ÖÆêŸÖ. †¿ÖÖ »ÖÖêÛÓÖ´Ö¬µÖê“Ö †×ŸÖ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ´Ö®ÖãµÖÖ“µÖÖ ²Ö㬤ߓÖÖ ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ ˆšæ®Ö פÃÖê»Ö.

718. 'To adress a learned audience of quick understanding is like pouring water over a part ground with growing plants.

718. ŸÖßõÞÖ ÝÖÎÆÞÖ¿ÖŒŸÖß †ÃÖ»Ö껵ÖÖ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú¸ÞÖê Æê †Ö¯ÖÖê†Ö¯Ö ¾ÖÖœÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ¸Öê¯Ö™ÖÓ“µÖÖ ¾ÖÖ±úµÖÖ»ÖÖ ¯ÖÖÞÖß ¤êÞµÖÖÃÖÖ¸ÜÖê †ÖÆê.

719. 'Person accustomed to speak well and effictively before an audience of the good should never open their mouth even in an unquarded moment before a gathering of the mean.

719. ÃÖ••Ö®Ö ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ˆ¢Ö´Ö ¾Ö ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖÛú ׸ŸÖß®Öê ²ÖÖê»ÖÞµÖÖ“Öß ÃÖ¾ÖµÖ †ÃÖ»Ö껵ÖÖ ¾µÖÛúŸÖß®Öß Æ»ÖŒµÖÖ ¯ÖΟÖß“µÖÖ »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ“µÖÖ ( ®Öß“Ö »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ“µÖÖ ) •Ö´ÖÖ¾ÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ Ûú¬ÖßÆß “ÖãÛæú®Ö ÃÖã¬¤Ö ŸÖÖêÓ› ˆ‘Ö›æ ®ÖµÖê.

720. 'Speaking to person who are not similarly cultered and learned is like pouring ambrosia into a gutter.

720. †ÃÖÓÃÛéúŸÖ ¾Ö ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö †¿ÖÖ »ÖÖêÛúÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ²ÖÖê»ÖÞÖê Æê †´ÖéŸÖŸÖã»µÖ ¯Ö¤Ö£ÖÔ ÝÖ™Ö¸ßŸÖ †ÖêŸÖæ®Ö ¤êÞµÖÖÃÖÖ¸ÜÖê †ÖÆê.

CHAPTER LXX III

NOT TO DREAD THE COUNCIL

†¬µÖÖµÖ - 73

ÃÖ³ÖÖÛÓ¯Ö®Ö ®ÖÃÖÞÖê

721. 'Men of mighty intellect obtained through wide learning who are well acquinted with the art of eloquence will never commit mistakes out of fear while adressing the learned.'

721. ¯ÖΓÖÓ› ¾µÖÖÃÖÓÝÖÖ´Öãôê ¯ÖÎÛúÖÓ› ²ÖÓ׬¤´Ö¢ÖÖ »ÖÖ³Ö»Öê»Öê ¾Ö ¾ÖŒŸÖ韾ÖÛú»Öê¿Öß ÃÖã¯Ö×¸×“ÖŸÖ †ÃÖê »ÖÖêÛú ÃÖ³ÖêŸÖ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú¸ŸÖÖÓ®ÖÖ ³ÖߟÖß®Öê Ûú¬Öß“Ö †›ÜÖôŸÖ ®ÖÖÆߟÖ.

722. 'A person who is able to make a learned and impressive speech before a learned and imposing audience will be considered the most cultured among the learned.'

722. ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ¾Ö ¯ÖγÖÖ¾Ö¿ÖÖ»Öß †¿ÖÖ ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ×¾Ö«¢ÖÖ ¯ÖæÞÖÔ ¾Ö ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖ¸Ûú ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûúºþþ ¿ÖÛúÞÖÖ¸ß ¾µÖŒŸÖß †ŸµÖÓŸÖ ÃÖãÃÛéÓúŸÖ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ´ÆÞÖæ®Ö ´ÖÖ®Ö»Öß •ÖÖŸÖê.

723. 'Many are the soldiers who will boldly face he enemy and die in the battlefield, but very rare are men capable of courageously facing a learned audience and adressing it.'

723. ¸ÞÖÖÓÝÖÞÖÖ¾Ö¸ ׬֙ևԮÖê ¿Ö¡Öæ¿Öß ´ÖãÛúÖ²Ö»ÖÖ Ûúºþþ®Ö ´Ö¸ÞÖÖ¸ê ÃÖî×®ÖÛú †®ÖêÛú †ÃÖŸÖÖŸÖ, ¯ÖÞÖ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÓ®ÖÖ ¬ÖîµÖÖÔ®Öê ŸÖÖêÓ› ¤ê‰ú®Ö ŸµÖÖÓ“µÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖê¸ ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸ê »ÖÖêÛú †ÝÖפ“Ö ×¾Ö¸ô.

724. 'In a learned audience speak impressivly about topics which you know very well but the other subjects which they know best you had better learn from them.'

724. ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ÁÖÖꟵÖÖÃÖ´ÖÖê¸, ŸÖã´ÆÖ»ÖÖ “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öê ´ÖÖ×ÆŸÖ †ÃÖ»Ö껵ÖÖ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖÖ¾Ö¸ ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖ¸Ûú ׸ŸÖß®Öê ²ÖÖê»ÖÖ. ¯ÖÞÖ ŸµÖÖÓ®ÖÖ •µÖÖ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖÖ²Ö§»Ö ˆ¢Ö´Ö –ÖÖ®Ö †ÖÆê ŸÖê ×¾ÖÂÖµÖ ´ÖÖ¡Ö ŸÖã´Æß ŸµÖÖÓ“µÖÖÛú›æ®Ö ׿ÖÛúÖ¾Öê Æê “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öê.

725. 'Learn the art, of dialectics through proper study of logic so that you may be able to successfully and fearlessly refute the arguments put forward by others.'

725. ŸÖÛÔ¿ÖÖáÖÖ“ÖÖ ˆ¢Ö´Ö †³µÖÖÃÖ Ûúºþþ®Ö ¾Ö֤׾־ÖÖ¤Ö“Öß Ûú»ÖÖ †¾ÖÝÖŸÖ Ûúºþþ®Ö ‘µÖÖ, ´ÆÞÖ•Öê ‡ŸÖ¸ÖÓ®Öß ´ÖÖÓ›»Ö껵ÖÖ ´ÖãªÖÓ“Öê ÜÖÓ›®Ö ŸÖã´Æß µÖ¿ÖþÖß ×¸ŸÖß®Öê ¾Ö ×®Ö³ÖÔµÖ ÆÖê‰ú®Ö Ûúºþþ ¿ÖÛúÖ»Ö.

726. 'What has a person to do with a sword if he lacks the courage of a warrior? What has a scholar to do with the study of various sciences, if he lacks the courage to face an assembly of men with subtle and critical intellect.'

726 µÖÖꬤ֓Öê ¬ÖîµÖÔ •Ö¸ †ÓÝÖß ®ÖÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸ ŸÖ»Ö¾ÖÖ ÛúÖµÖ ÛúÖ´ÖÖ“Öß? •Ö¸ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ´ÖÖÞÖÃÖÖ¯ÖÖ¿Öß, ÃÖæõ´Ö ¾Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê“ÖÛú ²Ö㬤ߓµÖÖ »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ“µÖÖ ÃÖ³Öê»ÖÖ ŸÖÖêÓ› ¤êÞµÖÖ“Öê ¬ÖîµÖÔ ®ÖÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸, ŸµÖÖ“µÖÖ ×¾Ö×¾Ö¬Ö ¿ÖÖáÖÖÓ“µÖÖ †³µÖÖÃÖÖ“ÖÖ ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ ŸÖÖê ÛúÖµÖ!

727.'Science studied by a a scholar who shudders at the sight of a learned audience is as a shining sword carried by a eunuch in the batlefield.'

727. ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ÁÖÖêŸÖê ¯ÖÖÆæ®Ö •µÖÖ“ÖÖ £Ö¸ÛúÖ¯Ö ˆ›ŸÖÖê, †¿ÖÖ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö ´ÖÖÞÖÃÖÖ®Öê †³µÖÖÃÖ»Öê»Öê ¿ÖÖÃ¡Ö Æê, ¸ÞÖÖÓÝÖÞÖŸÖ ÂÖÓœ ´ÖÖÞÖÃÖ®ÖÓ ÆÖŸÖß ‘ÖêŸÖ»Ö껵ÖÖ ¬ÖÖ¸¤Ö¸ ŸÖ»Ö¾Öָ߯ÖδÖÖÞÖê ×®Öºþþ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖß †ÃÖŸÖê.

728. 'The various sciences well studied by them will all be useless if those scholar are not capable of making good and impressive speeches in the Council Chamber.'

728. •Ö¸ ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö »ÖÖêÛú ÃÖ³ÖêŸÖ ˆ¢Ö´Ö †Ö×ÞÖ ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖÛú ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ ¤ê‰ú ¿ÖÛúŸÖ ®ÖÃÖŸÖᯙ ŸÖ¸ ŸµÖÖÓ®Öß †³µÖÖÃÖ»Öê»Öß ×¾Ö×¾Ö¬Ö ¿ÖÖáÖê ×®Öºþþ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖß š¸ŸÖß»Ö.

729. 'A person, however highly learned, if he is afraid of speaking before an assembly of great men, in spite of his scholarship, will be considered worse than the illiterate by the world at large.'

729. ‹ÜÖÖ¤ß ¾µÖŒŸÖß ÜÖæ¯Ö ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß, •Ö¸ £ÖÖê¸Ö ´ÖÖêšµÖÖÓ“ÖÖ ÃÖ³ÖêŸÖ ²ÖÖê»ÖÞµÖÖÃÖ ‘ÖÖ²ÖŸÖ †ÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸ •ÖÝÖÖŸÖ ŸÖß ¾µÖŒŸÖß ×®Ö¸õÖ¸ÖÓ¯ÖêõÖÖÆß ÜÖÖ»Ö“µÖÖ ¤•ÖÖÔ“Öß ´ÖÖ®Ö»Öß •ÖÖŸÖê.

730. 'If a person, however learned, is incapable out of fear making an impressive speech on subjects which which he knows well, he is but a corpse though alive.'

730. ‹ÜÖÖ¤ß ¾µÖŒŸÖß, ÜÖæ¯Ö ×¾Ö«Ö®Ö †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß, †Ö¯ÖÖ¯Ö»µÖÖ “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öê †¾ÖÝÖŸÖ †ÃÖ»Ö껵ÖÖ ×¾ÖÂÖµÖÖ¾Ö¸ ³ÖߟÖß´Öãôê ¯Ö׸ÞÖÖ´ÖÛúÖÛú ³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ Ûúºþþ ¿ÖÛúŸÖ ®ÖÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸ ŸÖß ×•Ö¾ÖÓŸÖ †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß ´Ö㛪ÖÃÖ´ÖÖ®Ö †ÃÖŸÖê.

THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A SATE

¸Ö•µÖÖ“Öê †ŸµÖÖ¾Ö¿µÖÛú ‘Ö™Ûú

CHAPTER LXXIV

THE COUNTRY

†¬µÖÖµÖ - 74

-¤ê¿Ö-

731. 'Where there is ever- increasing agricultiral prosperity, where reside many noble and virtuous men, where throng merchant princes of immense wealth, that is the country which is the national home of a state.'

731. •Öê£Öê ÃÖŸÖŸÖ ¿ÖêŸÖß“Öß ³Ö¸³Ö¸Ö™ ÆÖêŸÖê, •Öê£Öê †®ÖêÛú £ÖÖê¸ ¾Ö ÃÖ¤ËÝÖãÞÖß »ÖÖêÛú ÖÆߟÖÖŸÖ, •Öê£Öê ¯ÖΓÖê› ÃÖÓ¯Ö¢Öß ¬ÖÖ¸ÞÖ Ûú¸ÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ÁÖêךӓÖß ÃÖ¤î¾Ö ¾Ö¤Ôô †ÃÖŸÖê ŸÖÖê“Ö ´ÖÆß®Ö ¤ê¿Ö ÆÖêµÖ.

732. 'Land is that which always enjoys such plenty and prosperity as to attract wealthy foreigns and which always produces good harvest of foodgrains undamaged by various causes.'

732. ¤ê¿Ö ŸÖÖê“Ö Ûúß •Öê£Öê ÁÖß´ÖÓŸÖ ×¾Ö¤ê¿Öß »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ®ÖÖ †ÖÛú×ÂÖÔŸÖ Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸ß ÃÖã²Ö¢ÖÖ ¾Ö ÃÖ´Öé¬¤ß ®ÖÖÓ¤ŸÖê ¾Ö •Öê£Öê ׯÖÛê ®Ö™ ÆÖêÞµÖÖ“Öß ÛúÖ¸ÞÖê †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß ÃÖãÝÖßŸÖ “ÖÖÓÝÖ»Öß ×¯ÖÛê µÖêŸÖÖŸÖ.

733. 'If it is called upon to bear extra burden, it must patiently bear it. If it is called upon to pay extra taxation to the state finance it must gladly contribute. such must be thenaional land.'

733. ¸Ö™ÒßµÖ ³Öæ¯ÖΤê¿Ö †ÃÖÖ †ÃÖÖ¾ÖÖ Ûúß •Ö¸ ŸµÖÖ“µÖÖ¾Ö¸ •µÖÖ¤Ö ²ÖÖê•ÖÖ ÃÖÆ®Ö Ûú¸ÞµÖÖ“Öß ¯ÖÖôß †Ö»Öß ŸÖ¸ ŸµÖÖ®Öê ŸÖÖê ¿ÖÖÓŸÖ¯ÖÞÖê ÃÖÖêÃÖ»ÖÖ ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê, •Ö¸ ŸµÖÖ“µÖÖ¾Ö¸ ¸Ö•µÖÖ“µÖÖ ×ŸÖ•ÖÖê׸ŸÖ •µÖÖ¤Ö Ûú¸ ³Ö¸ÞµÖÖ“Öß ¯ÖÖôß †Ö»Öß ŸÖ¸ ŸµÖÖ®Öê ŸÖÖê †Ö®ÖÓ¤Ö®Öê פ»ÖÖ ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê.

734. 'Where there are no underground organisation, where there are no internecine strifes, where ther are no anarchial assassins ready to cause mischief, that is the land.'

734. •Öê£Öê ³Öæ×´ÖÝÖŸÖ ³ÖµÖÓÛú¸ ÃÖÓ‘Ö™®ÖÖ ®ÖÖÆߟÖ, ˆ³ÖµÖ ¯ÖõÖÖÓ“ÖÖ ×¾Ö®ÖÖ¿Ö Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸Ö ÃÖÓ‘ÖÂÖÔ ®ÖÖÆß, †Ö×ÞÖ Ûãú¸Ö¯ÖŸÖ Ûú֜޵ÖÖÃÖÖšß ™¯Öæ®Ö ²ÖÃÖ»Öê»Öê †¸Ö•ÖÛú ´ÖÖêÛú¸ß ®ÖÖÆߟÖ, ŸµÖÖ»ÖÖ“Ö ¤ê¿Ö ´ÆÞÖÖ¾ÖÖ.

735. 'Where there are no underground organisation, where there are no internecine strifes, where ther are no anarchial assassins ready to cause mischief, that is the land.'

735.. •Öê£Öê ³Öæ×´ÖÝÖŸÖ ³ÖµÖÓÛú¸ ÃÖÓ‘Ö™®ÖÖ ®ÖÖÆߟÖ, ˆ³ÖµÖ ¯ÖõÖÖÓ“ÖÖ ×¾Ö®ÖÖ¿Ö Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸Ö ÃÖÓ‘ÖÂÖÔ ®ÖÖÆß, †Ö×ÞÖ Ûãú¸Ö¯ÖŸÖ Ûú֜޵ÖÖÃÖÖšß ™¯Öæ®Ö ²ÖÃÖ»Öê»Öê †¸Ö•ÖÛú ´ÖÖêÛú¸ß ®ÖÖÆߟÖ, ŸµÖÖ»ÖÖ“Ö ¤ê¿Ö ´ÆÞÖÖ¾ÖÖ.

736. 'That is considered the best of all lands where there is nought to disturb its eace whose agricultural prosperity remains unimpaired oven when disturbed by foreign invasion.'

736. ÃÖ¾ÖÖêÔ¢Ö´Ö ¤ê¿Ö ŸÖÖê“Ö ´ÖÖ®Ö»ÖÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖê Ûúß •Öê£Öê ¿ÖÖÓŸÖŸÖê“ÖÖ ³ÖÓÝÖ Ûú¸ÞÖÖ¸ê ÛúÖÆß“Ö ®ÖÃÖŸÖê ¾Ö ¯ÖÖ×ÛúµÖ þÖÖ-µÖÖÓ®Öß ¾µÖŸµÖµÖ †ÖÞÖ»ÖÖ †ÃÖŸÖÖÓ®ÖÖ ¤êÜÖᯙ •Öê£Öᯙ Ûéú×ÂÖ - ÃÖ´Ö鬤߻ÖÖ ÛúÃÖ»ÖÖÆß †¯ÖÖµÖ ®ÖÃÖŸÖÖê.

737. 'Water facilities from rains and subsoil springs, a mountain nearby, a river flowing thence, strong fortifications for defence, these are the necessary elements that make a land.'

737. ¯ÖÖ¾ÖÃÖÖ¯ÖÖÃÖæ®Ö †Ö×ÞÖ •Ö×´Ö®ÖߟÖᯙ —Ö-µÖÖ¯ÖÖÃÖæ®Ö ×´ÖôÞÖÖ-µÖÖ ¯ÖÖÞµÖÖ“µÖÖ ÃÖÖêµÖß, •Ö¾Öô¯ÖÖÃÖ ¯Ö¾ÖÔŸÖ, ŸÖê£Öæ®Ö ¾ÖÖÆÞÖÖ¸ß ®Ö¤ß, ÃÖÓ¸õÖÞÖÖÃÖÖšß ´Ö•Ö²ÖæŸÖ ŸÖ™²ÖÓ¤ß µÖÖ †Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛú ‘Ö™ÛúÖ´Öãôê“Ö ¤ê¿Ö ²Ö®ÖŸÖÖê.

738. 'Absence of disease, wealth, plenty of harvest, general happiness and defensive forces, these five are the ewels of a country.'

738. ¸ÖêÝÖ¸Ö‡Ô“ÖÖ †³ÖÖ¾Ö, ÃÖÓ¯Ö¢Öß, ´Öã²Ö»ÖÛú ¯ÖßÛú, ÃÖÖ¾ÖÔ•Ö×®ÖÛú ÃÖãÜÖ, †Ö×ÞÖ ÃÖã¸õÖÖ ¤»Ö- µÖÖ ¯ÖÖ“Ö ÝÖÖê媧 ¤ê¿ÖÖ»ÖÖ †»ÖÓÛúÖ¸¯ÖÎÖµÖ †ÖÆêŸÖ.

739. 'That is the land where people enjoy happiness without much toil by virue of natural facilities. That is no land where people have to get everything by toil and sweat.'

739. •Öê£Öê ®ÖîÃÖ×ÝÖÔÛú ÃÖãÜÖÃÖÖêµÖß´Öãôê, ±úÖ¸ÃÖê Ûú™ ÛúÖ²ÖÖ› Ûú™ Ûúºþþ®Ö, ‘ÖÖ´Ö ÝÖÖôæ®Ö, »ÖÖêÛúÖÓ®ÖÖ ÃÖÖ-µÖÖ ÝÖÖêÂÖËß ×´Öô¾ÖÖ¾µÖÖ »ÖÖÝÖŸÖÖŸÖ ŸÖÖê ¤ê¿Ö“Ö ®Ö¾Æê.

740. 'Even though blessed with all these favourable characteristics the land will be no good if there is no harmony between the king and his subjects.'

740. µÖÖ ÃÖÖ-µÖÖ †®ÖãÛæú»Ö ÝÖÖê媧 †ÃÖæ®ÖÆß ¸Ö•ÖÖ †Ö×ÞÖ ¯ÖΕÖÖ µÖÖÓ“µÖÖŸÖ ÃÖãÃÖÓ¾ÖÖ¤ ®ÖÃÖê»Ö ŸÖ¸ ŸÖÖê ¤ê¿Ö “ÖÖÓÝÖ»ÖÖ ¤ê¿Ö ´ÆÞÖ×¾Ö»ÖÖ •ÖÖŸÖ ®ÖÖÆß.

CHAPTER LXAV

FORTIFICATIONS

†¬µÖÖµÖ - 75

--×Ûú»»Öê--

741. 'A Fort is a valuable asset to those who proceed against their enemy. It is also an equally valuable asset for those who want to take shetter because of fear of foreign aggression.'

741. †Ö¯Ö»µÖÖ ¿ÖŠúÖæ¾Ö¸ “ÖÖ»Ö Ûúºþþ®Ö •ÖÖÞÖÖ-µÖÖÃÖÖšß ×Ûú»»ÖÖ ÆÖ †×ŸÖ¿ÖµÖ ´ÖÖê»ÖÖ“ÖÖ †ÃÖŸÖÖê. ¯Ö¸×ÛúµÖ †ÖÛδÖÞÖÖ“ÖÖ ³ÖߟÖß®Öê †ÖÁÖµÖ ‘Öê¾Öæ ‡×“”ÞÖÖ-µÖÖÓ“µÖÖ ¤éÂÖËß®Öê ÃÖã¬¤Ö ŸÖÖê ן֟ÖÛúÖ“Ö ´ÖÆŸ¾ÖÖ“ÖÖ †ÃÖŸÖÖê.

742. 'A fort must have a river close by, or a tank full of clear water, a hill or a thick shady forest and beyond these a wide expance of desert land.'

742. ×Ûú»»µÖÖ“µÖÖ †ÖÃÖ¯ÖÖÃÖ ®Ö¤ß, þ֓” ¯ÖÖÞµÖÖ®Öê ³Ö¸»Öê»ÖÖ ŸÖ»ÖÖ¾Ö, êÛú›ß ×ÛÓ¾ÖÖ ‘Ö®Ö¤Ö™ •ÖÓÝÖ»Ö †ÃÖ»Öê ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê. †Ö×ÞÖ µÖÖ ÃÖ¾ÖÖÕ“µÖÖ ¯Ö»ÖßÛú›ê ×¾Ö¿ÖÖ»Ö †ÃÖê ¾ÖÖô¾ÖÓ™ †ÃÖ»Öê ¯ÖÖÆß•Öê.