2 - Energy Transfer Molecules and Reactions SBI4U – Metabolic Processes

Date: ______

Energy Transfer Molecules

  • The ultimate goal of ______is to store as much ______as possible in the bonds of ______molecules

  • A variety of ______and ______are involved in the transfer of energy from “______” molecules to ATP
  • There are three major energy carrier molecules

Low Energy Form / High Energy Form

Phosphorylation Reaction

  • The addition of a ______to an organic molecule

Two types of Phosphorylation Reaction in Cellular Respiration

  • 1. ______Phosphorylation
  • The formation of ______by transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate (with an ______)
  • 2. ______Phosphorylation
  • The formation of ATP ______using redox reactions in the ______to power chemiosmosis

Reduction – Oxidation (Redox)

  • A chemical reaction in which electrons are ______
  • Occurs in the cells of ______

Decarboxylation Reactions

  • The removal of a ______group in the form of ______

ATP

  • Cellular respiration: ______reaction (yields energy) producing ______
  • ATP: Adenosine triphosphate. Made up of an adenosine nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups
  • The three phosphate groups are ______bonded to each other due to their ______charge and contain the energy used for ______
  • This allows for the removal of a phosphate group to be ______
  • ATP is responsible for providing the energy for most ______
  • ATP is a ______energy carrier molecule
  • Provides accessible energy in ______amounts
  • ATP can be used and recycled at a rate of 10 million ATP molecules per second in muscle cells
  • The phosphate bonds in an ATP molecule are broken to release energy via ______

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi

  • This is an ______reaction
  • The conversion of ATP to ADP + Pi is yield ______kJ/mol
  • The energy is ______so that it can be more useful
  • The Pi is placed onto another molecule so that the energy is not wasted as ______
  • This molecule is called a ______and is said to be ______due to the addition of the phosphate group using enzymes

NADH (Nicotimamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

  • NADH is a ______derivative of vitamin B3 (Niacin)
  • Carries a high energy electron to the ______in order to produce ______

NAD+ + 2 e- + H+ → NADH

  • NADH represents ______energy that can be used later
  • NAD+ is an electron ______in many redox steps during the breakdown of ______
  • Electrons removed from pyruvate, isocitrate, α-ketogluterate, malate
  • These compounds are ______
  • Enzymes will break a pair of H (2 e-, 2 H+) off the glucose
  • The enzyme delivers 2 e- and 1 H+ to the NAD+ molecule
  • Electrons from the glucose need to eventually make their way to ______in order to create ______
  • This requires many electron transfer steps

FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

  • Carries high energy electron to electron transport chain in order to produce ATP

FAD + 2 e- + 2 H+ → FADH2

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