Appendix a Top 50 Institutions in Degree, Closeness, and Betweenness Centrality, 2001-2009

Appendices

Appendix A Top 50 institutions in degree, closeness, and betweenness centrality, 2001-2009

Institution / Country / No. of papers / Normalized centrality measure (rank) /
Degree / Closeness / Betweenness /
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica / Italy / 5,832 / 79.34 / ( 1) / 45.35 / ( 1) / 5.65 / ( 1)
European Southern Observatory / International / 3,105 / 72.23 / ( 2) / 43.94 / ( 2) / 2.66 / ( 2)
Russian Academy of Sciences / Russia / 2,338 / 61.98 / ( 3) / 42.04 / ( 3) / 2.35 / ( 3)
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon / France / 1,508 / 61.98 / ( 3) / 42.04 / ( 3) / 2.27 / ( 4)
National Optical Astronomy Observatory / International / 1,951 / 60.00 / ( 5) / 41.70 / ( 5) / 1.94 / ( 5)
Chinese Academy of Sciences / China / 1,738 / 56.69 / ( 6) / 41.13 / ( 6) / 1.49 / ( 6)
University of Cambridge / UK / 2,468 / 56.53 / ( 7) / 41.05 / ( 7) / 1.38 / ( 8)
European Space Agency / International / 1,073 / 55.87 / ( 8) / 40.96 / ( 8) / 1.10 / (16)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas / Spain / 1,222 / 55.21 / ( 9) / 40.88 / ( 9) / 1.00 / (18)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias / Spain / 1,446 / 54.55 / (10) / 40.77 / (10) / 1.09 / (17)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan / Japan / 1,852 / 54.55 / (10) / 40.77 / (10) / .93 / (21)
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik / Germany / 1,657 / 54.38 / (12) / 40.71 / (12) / 1.37 / ( 9)
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie / Germany / 1,489 / 54.05 / (13) / 40.66 / (13) / 1.47 / ( 7)
Australian National University / Australia / 874 / 53.39 / (14) / 40.58 / (14) / 1.29 / (10)
Universiteit Leiden / Netherlands / 1,084 / 53.06 / (15) / 40.52 / (15) / 1.26 / (12)
University of Toronto / Canada / 915 / 52.73 / (16) / 40.44 / (16) / 1.36 / (11)
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam / Germany / 952 / 51.41 / (17) / 40.23 / (17) / .87 / (24)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Mexico / 988 / 50.25 / (18) / 40.07 / (18) / .77 / (29)
National Research Council of Canada / Canada / 729 / 49.75 / (19) / 39.96 / (19) / 1.15 / (13)
Københavns Universitet / Denmark / 536 / 49.26 / (20) / 39.91 / (20) / .75 / (35)
Universiteit van Amsterdam / Netherlands / 875 / 49.26 / (20) / 39.88 / (21) / .95 / (19)
Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik / Germany / 1,519 / 48.76 / (22) / 39.80 / (22) / .88 / (23)
University of Sydney / Australia / 1,090 / 48.26 / (23) / 39.75 / (23) / .95 / (19)
Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III / France / 665 / 48.26 / (23) / 39.75 / (23) / .70 / (39)
University College London / UK / 4,299 / 48.10 / (25) / 39.70 / (25) / 1.11 / (14)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics / USA / 1,081 / 48.10 / (25) / 39.70 / (25) / .71 / (38)
University of Tokyo / Japan / 1,178 / 47.11 / (27) / 39.54 / (27) / 1.11 / (14)
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique / France / 1,249 / 46.94 / (28) / 39.54 / (27) / .49 / (49)
Université de Genève / Switzerland / 822 / 46.78 / (29) / 39.52 / (29) / .89 / (22)
Université Pierre et Marie Curie / France / 1,234 / 46.45 / (30) / 39.47 / (30) / .79 / (28)
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie / Germany / 1,061 / 46.12 / (31) / 39.36 / (31) / .85 / (25)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration / USA / 3,367 / 45.62 / (32) / 39.34 / (32) / .82 / (27)
Polish Academy of Sciences / Poland / 635 / 44.96 / (33) / 39.24 / (33) / .66 / (40)
California Institute of Technology / USA / 4,258 / 44.79 / (34) / 39.21 / (34) / .76 / (30)
University of Oxford / UK / 1,204 / 44.63 / (35) / 39.13 / (35) / .76 / (30)
University of Victoria / Canada / 444 / 44.13 / (36) / 39.08 / (36) / .74 / (37)
Tel Aviv University / Israel / 459 / 43.97 / (37) / 39.06 / (37) / .75 / (36)
Universität Heidelberg / Germany / 756 / 43.80 / (38) / 39.03 / (38) / .76 / (30)
University of Leicester / UK / 867 / 42.81 / (39) / 38.86 / (40) / .52 / (43)
Space Telescope Science Institute / USA / 2,273 / 42.65 / (40) / 38.88 / (39) / .50 / (45)
University of Arizona / USA / 2,379 / 42.15 / (41) / 38.78 / (41) / .52 / (43)
Rijks Universiteit Groningen / Netherlands / 703 / 41.82 / (42) / 38.73 / (42) / .58 / (41)
Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I / France / 936 / 41.32 / (43) / 38.66 / (43) / .48 / (50)
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / Chile / 496 / 41.16 / (44) / 38.63 / (44) / .50 / (45)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation / Australia / 740 / 40.83 / (45) / 38.58 / (45) / .85 / (25)
University of Manchester / UK / 875 / 40.83 / (45) / 38.56 / (46) / .56 / (42)
University of California, Berkeley / USA / 2,257 / 40.50 / (47) / 38.56 / (46) / .76 / (30)
Stockholms Universitet / Sweden / 501 / 40.17 / (48) / 38.51 / (48) / .50 / (45)
Universität Bonn / Germany / 617 / 40.00 / (49) / 38.44 / (49) / .39 / (59)
South African Astronomical Observatory / South Africa / 341 / 39.67 / (50) / 38.41 / (50) / .39 / (59)
Universität Wien / Austria / 456 / 38.84 / (53) / 38.32 / (53) / .76 / (30)
McGill University / Canada / 215 / 31.74 / (91) / 37.25 / (93) / .50 / (45)

Note. The institutions are sorted first by degree then by closeness and betweenness centrality measures.

Appendix B Top 50 institutions in degree, closeness, and betweenness centrality, by period

(a) Degree centrality (normalized)

Institution / 2001-2003 / 2004-2006 / 2007-2009 /
scores / (rank) / scores / (rank) / scores / (rank) /
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica / 57.521 / ( 1) / 63.140 / ( 1) / 68.099 / ( 1)
European Southern Observatory / 48.760 / ( 2) / 55.537 / ( 2) / 59.008 / ( 2)
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon / 39.174 / ( 4) / 41.653 / ( 5) / 50.909 / ( 3)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias / 30.744 / ( 12) / 36.364 / ( 11) / 46.942 / ( 4)
Chinese Academy of Sciences / 26.612 / ( 24) / 36.694 / ( 10) / 45.620 / ( 5)
Russian Academy of Sciences / 39.008 / ( 5) / 42.645 / ( 4) / 44.298 / ( 6)
National Optical Astronomy Observatory / 40.496 / ( 3) / 42.810 / ( 3) / 43.802 / ( 7)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas / 30.744 / ( 12) / 39.174 / ( 7) / 43.471 / ( 8)
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik / 36.033 / ( 7) / 34.050 / ( 15) / 42.975 / ( 9)
University of Cambridge / 37.521 / ( 6) / 39.504 / ( 6) / 42.810 / ( 10)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan / 28.264 / ( 18) / 34.876 / ( 14) / 42.810 / ( 10)
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie / 28.264 / ( 18) / 38.182 / ( 8) / 42.314 / ( 12)
Universiteit Leiden / 26.942 / ( 23) / 31.240 / ( 25) / 41.157 / ( 13)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics / 29.256 / ( 16) / 36.198 / ( 12) / 40.826 / ( 14)
Australian National University / 32.397 / ( 9) / 37.355 / ( 9) / 38.843 / ( 15)
University of Toronto / 30.413 / ( 15) / 33.058 / ( 18) / 38.843 / ( 15)
Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik / 26.281 / ( 26) / 32.727 / ( 19) / 38.347 / ( 17)
Københavns Universitet / 20.496 / ( 46) / 31.570 / ( 23) / 38.017 / ( 18)
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie / 21.818 / ( 39) / 28.760 / ( 35) / 38.017 / ( 18)
California Institute of Technology / 30.909 / ( 11) / 33.058 / ( 17) / 37.521 / ( 20)
Université de Genève / 20.992 / ( 44) / 30.744 / ( 26) / 37.355 / ( 21)
European Space Agency / 35.702 / ( 8) / 36.033 / ( 13) / 37.190 / ( 22)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration / 31.405 / ( 10) / 33.388 / ( 16) / 37.190 / ( 22)
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam / 30.744 / ( 12) / 32.066 / ( 21) / 36.860 / ( 24)
National Research Council of Canada / 24.463 / ( 32) / 31.405 / ( 24) / 36.860 / ( 24)
Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III / 28.264 / ( 18) / 28.926 / ( 34) / 36.694 / ( 26)
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique / 26.612 / ( 24) / 29.587 / ( 32) / 36.529 / ( 27)
University College London / 25.950 / ( 28) / 28.760 / ( 35) / 36.529 / ( 27)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / 24.959 / ( 29) / 32.562 / ( 20) / 35.372 / ( 29)
Universiteit van Amsterdam / 27.769 / ( 21) / 31.736 / ( 22) / 34.876 / ( 30)
Universität Heidelberg / 16.529 / ( 69) / 24.463 / ( 51) / 34.876 / ( 30)
Université Pierre et Marie Curie / 26.281 / ( 26) / 30.744 / ( 26) / 34.711 / ( 32)
University of Sydney / 22.975 / ( 35) / 27.934 / ( 39) / 34.215 / ( 33)
University of Oxford / 21.983 / ( 38) / 30.083 / ( 30) / 34.050 / ( 34)
University of Arizona / 22.810 / ( 36) / 28.430 / ( 38) / 34.050 / ( 34)
University of Victoria / 19.669 / ( 52) / 24.628 / ( 50) / 33.719 / ( 36)
University of Tokyo / 24.628 / ( 31) / 30.579 / ( 29) / 33.554 / ( 37)
Space Telescope Science Institute / 27.769 / ( 21) / 29.256 / ( 33) / 33.554 / ( 37)
Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I / 17.355 / ( 64) / 21.818 / ( 60) / 32.562 / ( 39)
Swinburne University of Technology / 8.264 / (191) / 17.686 / ( 88) / 32.231 / ( 40)
University of Leicester / 19.339 / ( 55) / 28.760 / ( 35) / 31.901 / ( 41)
Polish Academy of Sciences / 24.793 / ( 30) / 26.612 / ( 43) / 31.240 / ( 42)
University of California, Berkeley / 23.967 / ( 33) / 27.769 / ( 40) / 30.744 / ( 43)
University of Hertfordshire / 16.033 / ( 77) / 25.455 / ( 46) / 30.744 / ( 43)
Universität Bonn / 13.058 / (112) / 25.455 / ( 46) / 30.248 / ( 45)
Rijks Universiteit Groningen / 20.000 / ( 49) / 30.083 / ( 31) / 29.917 / ( 46)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation / 18.017 / ( 60) / 26.777 / ( 42) / 29.917 / ( 46)
Universidade do Porto / 15.207 / ( 83) / 20.826 / ( 67) / 29.917 / ( 46)
South African Astronomical Observatory / 21.818 / ( 39) / 22.314 / ( 58) / 29.421 / ( 49)
Stockholms Universitet / 20.000 / ( 49) / 21.818 / ( 60) / 29.421 / ( 49)
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / 22.645 / ( 37) / 25.620 / ( 44) / 28.595 / ( 54)
Durham University / 21.322 / ( 42) / 25.289 / ( 48) / 28.430 / ( 55)
University of Manchester / 21.818 / ( 39) / 27.273 / ( 41) / 27.438 / ( 58)
Tel Aviv University / 23.636 / ( 34) / 30.744 / ( 26) / 27.273 / ( 60)
Imperial College London / 16.529 / ( 69) / 24.793 / ( 49) / 26.942 / ( 64)
Universidad de Chile / 20.331 / ( 48) / 17.686 / ( 88) / 26.281 / ( 66)
Johns Hopkins University / 20.496 / ( 46) / 25.620 / ( 44) / 26.116 / ( 67)
Space Research Organization Netherlands / 20.826 / ( 45) / 18.678 / ( 78) / 20.661 / (103)
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes / 21.157 / ( 43) / 19.835 / ( 72) / 19.504 / (115)
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche / 28.926 / ( 17) / 21.653 / ( 65) / 7.438 / (301)

Note. The table is sorted first by scores/rank of 2007-2009, then by 2004-2006, and then by 2001-2003.

Appendix B (Continued)

(b) Closeness centrality (normalized)

Institution / 2001-2003 / 2004-2006 / 2007-2009 /
scores / (rank) / scores / (rank) / scores / (rank) /
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica / 3.403 / ( 1) / 4.477 / ( 1) / 5.782 / ( 1)
European Southern Observatory / 3.393 / ( 2) / 4.462 / ( 2) / 5.753 / ( 2)
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon / 3.381 / ( 4) / 4.434 / ( 5) / 5.725 / ( 3)
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias / 3.371 / ( 12) / 4.422 / ( 11) / 5.712 / ( 4)
Chinese Academy of Sciences / 3.366 / ( 23) / 4.423 / ( 9) / 5.708 / ( 5)
Russian Academy of Sciences / 3.381 / ( 4) / 4.436 / ( 3) / 5.704 / ( 6)
National Optical Astronomy Observatory / 3.383 / ( 3) / 4.436 / ( 3) / 5.702 / ( 7)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas / 3.371 / ( 12) / 4.428 / ( 7) / 5.701 / ( 8)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan / 3.368 / ( 18) / 4.420 / ( 14) / 5.698 / ( 9)
University of Cambridge / 3.379 / ( 6) / 4.429 / ( 6) / 5.697 / ( 10)
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik / 3.377 / ( 8) / 4.419 / ( 15) / 5.697 / ( 10)
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie / 3.367 / ( 21) / 4.425 / ( 8) / 5.694 / ( 12)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics / 3.370 / ( 14) / 4.421 / ( 12) / 5.692 / ( 13)
Universiteit Leiden / 3.365 / ( 26) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.690 / ( 14)
University of Toronto / 3.370 / ( 14) / 4.414 / ( 19) / 5.684 / ( 15)
California Institute of Technology / 3.372 / ( 10) / 4.415 / ( 17) / 5.682 / ( 16)
Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik / 3.365 / ( 26) / 4.415 / ( 17) / 5.682 / ( 16)
Australian National University / 3.374 / ( 9) / 4.423 / ( 9) / 5.681 / ( 18)
Københavns Universitet / 3.357 / ( 47) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.681 / ( 18)
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie / 3.360 / ( 38) / 4.405 / ( 36) / 5.681 / ( 18)
European Space Agency / 3.378 / ( 7) / 4.421 / ( 12) / 5.680 / ( 21)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration / 3.372 / ( 10) / 4.416 / ( 16) / 5.680 / ( 21)
Université de Genève / 3.358 / ( 44) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.680 / ( 21)
Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III / 3.368 / ( 18) / 4.408 / ( 32) / 5.679 / ( 25)
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam / 3.370 / ( 14) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.678 / ( 26)
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique / 3.366 / ( 23) / 4.409 / ( 30) / 5.678 / ( 26)
National Research Council of Canada / 3.361 / ( 33) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.676 / ( 27)
University College London / 3.365 / ( 26) / 4.405 / ( 36) / 5.675 / ( 28)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / 3.364 / ( 29) / 4.412 / ( 21) / 5.674 / ( 29)
Universiteit van Amsterdam / 3.367 / ( 21) / 4.413 / ( 20) / 5.671 / ( 30)
Université Pierre et Marie Curie / 3.366 / ( 23) / 4.411 / ( 27) / 5.671 / ( 30)
University of Arizona / 3.361 / ( 33) / 4.405 / ( 36) / 5.670 / ( 32)
Universität Heidelberg / 3.351 / ( 74) / 4.394 / ( 53) / 5.670 / ( 33)
University of Sydney / 3.361 / ( 33) / 4.404 / ( 40) / 5.669 / ( 34)
Space Telescope Science Institute / 3.368 / ( 18) / 4.407 / ( 34) / 5.667 / ( 35)
University of Victoria / 3.353 / ( 61) / 4.396 / ( 50) / 5.667 / ( 35)
University of Tokyo / 3.362 / ( 32) / 4.410 / ( 29) / 5.666 / ( 37)
University of Oxford / 3.361 / ( 33) / 4.408 / ( 32) / 5.666 / ( 37)
Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I / 3.353 / ( 61) / 4.390 / ( 63) / 5.663 / ( 39)
Polish Academy of Sciences / 3.363 / ( 30) / 4.403 / ( 41) / 5.660 / ( 40)
University of Leicester / 3.356 / ( 51) / 4.407 / ( 34) / 5.659 / ( 41)
Swinburne University of Technology / 3.336 / (196) / 4.381 / ( 89) / 5.658 / ( 42)
University of California, Berkeley / 3.363 / ( 30) / 4.405 / ( 36) / 5.657 / ( 43)
University of Hertfordshire / 3.351 / ( 74) / 4.399 / ( 47) / 5.657 / ( 43)
Universität Bonn / 3.347 / (101) / 4.398 / ( 48) / 5.654 / ( 45)
Rijks Universiteit Groningen / 3.355 / ( 54) / 4.409 / ( 30) / 5.653 / ( 46)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation / 3.355 / ( 54) / 4.402 / ( 43) / 5.653 / ( 46)
Universidade do Porto / 3.349 / ( 81) / 4.389 / ( 65) / 5.653 / ( 46)
South African Astronomical Observatory / 3.360 / ( 38) / 4.392 / ( 58) / 5.652 / ( 49)
Stockholms Universitet / 3.357 / ( 47) / 4.392 / ( 58) / 5.652 / ( 49)
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / 3.360 / ( 38) / 4.400 / ( 44) / 5.648 / ( 53)
Durham University / 3.359 / ( 41) / 4.400 / ( 44) / 5.646 / ( 57)
University of Manchester / 3.359 / ( 41) / 4.403 / ( 41) / 5.644 / ( 60)
Imperial College London / 3.351 / ( 74) / 4.398 / ( 48) / 5.644 / ( 60)
Universidad de Chile / 3.357 / ( 47) / 4.380 / ( 94) / 5.644 / ( 60)
Tel Aviv University / 3.361 / ( 33) / 4.411 / ( 27) / 5.643 / ( 63)
Johns Hopkins University / 3.359 / ( 41) / 4.400 / ( 44) / 5.642 / ( 65)
University of Texas at Austin / 3.357 / ( 47) / 4.390 / ( 63) / 5.635 / ( 75)
Space Research Organization Netherlands / 3.358 / ( 44) / 4.381 / ( 87) / 5.618 / (111)
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes / 3.358 / ( 44) / 4.386 / ( 73) / 5.616 / (118)
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche / 3.369 / ( 17) / 4.389 / ( 65) / 5.570 / (275)

Note. The table is sorted first by scores/rank of 2007-2009, then by 2004-2006, and then by 2001-2003.