BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
TAXILA - PAKISTAN
2011
WORKSHOP PATRON & CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abbas Choudhary
Vice Chancellor
UET Taxila
WORKSHOP CHIEF ORGANIZER
Prof. Khawaja Sajid Bashir
Chairman
Department Mechanical Engineering
UET Taxila
WORKSHOP COORDINATOR
Prof. Dr. Shahab Khushnood
Dean
Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering
UET Taxila
WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS
Dr. Riffat Asim Pasha
Dr. Masud ur Rehman Shah
Dr. Muhammad Shehryar
Dr. Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh
Engr. Amir Sultan
Engr. Kashif Iqbal
Engr. Muhammad Ali Nasir
Engr. Abdul Mobeen
Engr. Nazeer Ahmed Anjum
Engr. Abid Hussain
WORKSHOP SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Hussain SahirUET, Taxila / Prof. Muhammad Anwar Khan
UET, Taxila
Prof. Rafi Javed Qureshi
UET, Taxila / Prof. Dr. Mumtaz A. Kamal
UET, Taxila
Prof. Dr. Hashim Nisar Hashmi
UET, Taxila / Dr. M. Zubair Khan
AWC, Hassanabdal
Prof. Dr. Arshad Hussain Qureshi
U.E.T, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus) / Prof. Dr. F. Ahmad Khalid
GIKI, Topi
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abid
GIKI, Topi / Dr. Asim Fasih
NINVAST, NCP, Islamabad
Dr. M. Afzal Khan
HITECH, Taxila / Dr. Shaiq Aman ul Haq
University of Wah, Wah Cantt.
WORKSHOP SUPPORTING STAFF
Zahid IqbalUET, Taxila / Riffat Iqbal Nadeem
UET, Taxila
Abdullah Jahangir
UET, Taxila / Zahid Rashid Gondal
UET, Taxila
Rana Abdul Shakoor
UET, Taxila / Muhammad Shafique
UET, Taxila
Muhammad Javed
UET, Taxila / Sunil Munir
UET, Taxila
Sagheer Ahmed
UET, Taxila / Farhat ul Hassnain
UET, Taxila
WORKSHOP RESOURCE PERSONS
· Brig. Dr. Zaffar Muhammad Khan (AWC/UET, Taxila)
· Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan (SCME, NUST, Islamabad)
· Prof. Dr. S. Kamran Afaq (HITEC University)
· Dr Rizwan Saeed Choudhry (EME, NUST, Rawalpindi)
· Dr. Asim Shahzad (KRL, Kahuta)
· Dr. Saad Nauman (Université de Science et Technologies de Lille 1, France)
· Dr. Laraib Alam Khan (AWC, Hassanabdal)
· Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry (UET, Taxila)
· Engr. Muhammad Ali (UET, Taxila)
· Engr. Maj. Athar Hameed (Attock Workshops, Rawalpindi)
SPONSORS
· University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila.
MESSAGE
From
WORKSHOP PATRON & CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abbas Choudhary
Vice Chancellor
UET Taxila
I am pleased to congratulate Faculty of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering for organizing this one day workshop on “COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN ENGINEERING APPLICANTIONS” at a very short notice and the efforts of Dr. Shahab Khushnood and his very able colleagues are commendable. I am also very thankful to the resource persons from AWC, KRL, College of EME NUST, GIKI and other institutions and participants of this conference.
We can very safely say that the use of composites is as old as the use of wood - a natural composite and certainly since 1903 when Wright brothers used wood and fiber in their first aircraft. I am sure our distinguished resource persons and speakers will also come up with number of ‘historic uses of composite materials’ and much foresighted future applications. Certainly, there has been a great progress in materials engineering since the Stone Age but an accelerated progress in composite materials because of the availability to advanced tools and techniques and an ever expanding menu of engineering applications of composites. No nation can afford to ignore this very important field of academic, research and thus economic activity which expands from auto industry to fire fighting to aerospace to military, sports, surgical, construction and textiles. Unfortunately, as usual we are neither the first beneficiaries’ of the scientific and innovative progress in materials engineering not established players in education and research in this very important field. The composite materials engineering including metallic, non-metallic, ceramic, and polymers had become major area of academic and research endeavor around the world and the application menu is increasing at a phenomenal rate. The reduction in weight, size, space and functionality in extreme temperatures and pressures yet increase in strength and durability has given rise to novel applications. We can have much higher windmill masts and longer blades to benefits better air velocities and much smaller robots to enhance their maneuverability. The composite materials have shown manifold increase in tolerance for fatigue and damage in primary structures of the aerial vehicles. The need for research and development and expertise in studying the composite properties has not decreased as more and more demanding applications are emerging which warrant renewed size, strength, space and safety matrices and somebody ought to be their to resolve these very critical ‘structural knots’ without any compromise on reliability, maintainability and structural stability.
The efforts of those people who had the foresight that the composite materials can be far stronger and lighter and safe in their utility than the original materials from which they were formed are laudable and so will be the efforts of those who are contemplating on “COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN ENGINEERING APPLICANTIONS”.
PARTICIPATING
ORGANIZATIONS & INSTITUTIONS
NESCOM, Islamabad
Air Weapons Complex, AWC
Pakistan Ordnance Factories, Wah Cantt
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra
Attock Refinery, Attock
Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila
Heavy Industries, Taxila
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission of Pakistan
OGDCL, Islamabad
Dr. A.Q Khan Research Laboratories
NUST, Islamabad
GIKI, Topi
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
NINVAST, Islamabad
University of Wah, Wah Cantt
HITEC University, Taxila
Islamic International University, Islamabad
Air University, Islamabad
CONTENTS
Title / Page NumberChallenges and Opportunities in the Development of Composite Materials by Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Multifuctional Polymer Nanocomposite Design and Applications
by Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Fabrication and Thermal Investigation of Ablative Nano Composites
by Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan and Nadeem Iqbal
Modelling and Simulation of Composite Material Behaviour
by Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
Design, Analysis and Modeling of Composites Structures
by Dr. Rizwan S Choudhry
Properties and Applications of Natural Fibre Composites
by Dr. Asim Shahzad
Structural Health Monitoring of Woven Composites
by Dr. Saad Nauman
Quickstep Processing of Polymeric Composites - A Review
by Dr. Laraib Alam Khan, Richard Day and Zaffar Khan
Application of Nano-Composite Materials in Outdoor High Voltage Insulators
by Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Choduhry and Muhammad Ali
Failure of Composite Materials
by Engr. Athar Hameed
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
ABSTRACT
From the fabrication of tennis rackets to racing cars and human prosthetics to supersonic aircrafts, composite materials have become an integral part of the emerging technologies. The production of composite materials is presently growing at a rate of about 30% per year and is poised for more than 40 – 50% during this century; that is the sort of growth enjoyed by steel industry during period of industrial revolution. We are currently in the middle of another revolution in material sciences…. A transition from metal to nonmetal age.
Stringent aerodynamic requirements of next generation aeronautical and space systems dictate development of composite materials for their structures that are stronger than steel yet lighter than aluminum. The development of composite structures involves integrated design and manufacturing considerations through concurrent engineering. The concurrent design imply that the materials qualification, design considerations, manufacturing process and mechanical testing must be carried out simultaneously in an integrated manner for cost effective composite product development.
This paper examines the state of the composite science and technology in aerospace industry with specific reference to the existing practices, lesson learnt and assessment of advanced technologies under development. This paper carries out evaluation of the design and manufacturing strategies for large composite structures with the quest to minimize the gross take off weight. It evaluates the future technology challenges associated with the application of composite materials to the primary structure of advanced aerospace vehicles.
MULTIFUCTIONAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
ABSTRACT
The development of nanostructured materials have opened a new paradigm whereby the reinforcement and matrix resin can be tailored to optimize the structural properties of resulting composites manifold. The potentials and applications of this revolutionary class of nano materials promise a significant opportunity for improving composites mechanical and physical properties. This has led to emergence of new frontiers in aerospace structures focusing on multi fictionalized nanocomposites. Successes in this field have sprawled the subsequent attempts to emulate biological, biomimetic and smart materials. Commercial exploitation of nano carbon fibers will make space travel routine and enable space exploration far beyond the existing limits.
This paper reviews the latest developments in the area of nanocomposites with reference to nano clay, nanofibers and nanotubes. The classification, characterization and applications of various types of nanocomposites have been discussed with respect to aerospace industry. It will focus on structural applications forms that can sense and respond to changes in environmental conditions, flight missions and structural health, ultimately enhancing the performance characteristics and mission survivability of next generation aerospace vehicles.
Dr. Zaffar M. Khan
Tel: +92 323 955 6883,
Email:
Resource Person Profile
EDUCATION:Postdoctoral Research: Effect of compression strength on layer waviness defect in carbon-epoxy composite materials.
Duration/ Advisor / Aug 1995 – Jan 1997/ Professor Dan O’ Adams, www.iastate.edu.
College/ University: / Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Iowa State University (ISU) , Ames, Iowa
● PhD in Mechanical Engineering, Drilling in Carbon-Epoxy Composites for British Aerospace as part of Euro Fighter Program.
Duration/ Advisor: / Oct 1988 – Sep 1991/ Professors Ben Mills and Alan Redford.
College/ University: / Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Engineering, Salford University, Manchester, www.salford.ac.uk
● MS in Aerospace Engineering focusing on Structures, Mechanics and Composites.
Duration/ Advisor: / Aug 1986 – May 1988/ Professor Walter J. Horn.
College / University: / Department of Aerospace Engineering, Wichita State University, Kansa 27208, USA, www.wichita.edu
● B. Eng in Aerospace Engineering covering structures, materials, aerodynamics, propulsion, thermodynamics, stability and controls.
Duration/ Advisor / May 1975 – Jan 1979/ Professor Professor S. T. Ali (The Late) and Khalid Perviaz.
College / University: / Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur, Pakistan in collaboration with US Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), Ohio.
● On-the-Job Training about Helicopter Overhaul, Structural Repair and Flight Testing
Duration: / Nov 1983 – Jan 1984
College / University: / Eurocopter Training Services, Marignane, France, www.eurocoptertrainingservices.com
PROFESSIONAL COURSES ATTENDED:
· Composite Design Workshop, Stanford University Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sep 21 – Oct 2, 2009
· Nanopolymers and Composite Design, SAMPE Conference Tutorials, Long Beach, California, USA., May 2006 and May 2003.
· Light RTM Close Mold Technology at Composite Manufacturing Technology Center, Cornwell, PL18 9AT, UK, Dec. 2004.
· Optic Fiber Sensors & Smart Structures , Portland University, Oregon, as part of NSF faculty enhancement program Jul. 1996
· Distributed Computer Systems at National University of Sciences & Technology Organized by Tokyo Institute of Tech., Jan 2001.
· Industrial Composites, International Center for Science and High Technology, Trieste, Italy, Dec. 1995.
WORK EXPERIENCE:
Organization / Position / Rank / From / To / Teaching & Research Experiences
*Advanced Engineering Research Organisation, Wah Cantt. / Founding Director: Advanced Composites Research Center & Adjunct/ Visiting Professor: Materials and Mechanics / Nov. 2001 / Present / Product Development: All Composite aerospace, automotive vehicles and ballistic armor protection from polymeric composites and nomax sandwich.
Teaching: Advanced Composites, Structural Design, Solid Mechanics, Stress Analysis, FEM.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science &Technology (NUST)*, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. / Assist/ Assoc. Prof.
Founder Head of Dept.
Dean of Engineering
Visiting Professor / Jan 1992
Jan 1997
Feb 1997
Nov 2001 / Aug 1995
Feb 1997
Nov. 2001
Present / Teaching: Advanced materials, composite design & manufacturing, structural/ solid mechanics, mechanical vibrations.
Research: CNT reinforced carbon/ epoxy Composites, EM properties of glass/ epoxy composites, Polymer Nanocomposites & ballistic protection of humans and vehicles.
Services: Collaborative program in Aerospace Engineering between ISU & NUST
TECHNICAL SKILLS AND INTERESTS:
· Design, development and processing of carbon fiber composite materials using autoclave and non autoclave techniques.
· Characterization, material selection and mechanical testing of engineering materials according to ASTM standards.
· Structure-property of advanced materials using analytical, experimental and computational techniques
· Fractographic investigation and micro structural analysis of advanced materials using SEM, atomic force and optical microscopy.
· Fiber optic sensors for on-line health monitoring of composite structures
· Ballistic protection of aerospace vehicles and human body using Kevlar, polyethylene fibers reinforced composites and ceramics.
· Nanopolymers, smart materials and multifunctional adaptive structures.
HONORS/ AWARDS/ FELLOWSHIPS:
· Postdoctoral Research Award, 1995 – 97 / Fulbright Award by Education Foundation.
· Postdoctoral Research Award, 1996-97 / IDB Research Award by Saudi Development Bank.
· PhD Research Award, 1989-91 / Blackburn Award by Royal Aeronautical Society UK
· Science and Technology Research Scholarship, 1986-91 / Ministry of Science and Technology, Pakistan
· Jefferson Award, 1986 – 88 / Thomas Jefferson Memorial Award by USAID
· Academic Merit Scholarships, 1969 – 74 / Merit Scholarships for securing top positions
INDUSTRIALS R&D GRANTS:
· Attracted industrial grants for development of structural components of all composite UAVs, composite structural members such as wings, canard, air intake, nose cone, horizontal and vertical stabilizer, and fuselage for aerospace vehicles from carbon fiber composites using vacuum assisted processes and development of ballistic body & vehicle armor (Total value: approx: US$ 6 million).
MAJOR ACHIEVMENTS:
· Founder Head of Mechanical Engineering Department NUST and updated syllabus & initiated industrial research.
· Founder Director, Advanced Composites Research Center for development of structural components from composite materials.
· Initiated academic collaborative program of NUST with Iowa State University in aerospace and mechanical engineering.
· Organized 6 international and national workshops about ‘Industrial Composites Design and Applications’ in collaboration with South East Asian countries and DuPont at NUST. Presently organizing Advanced Materials Track, IBCAST, www.ibcast.org.pk
· 50 publications in technical journals, conference proceedings and has made more than 200 presentations about composites.
MEMBERSHIPS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
· Senior Member: American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (Membership #: 037370)
· Member: Society for Advancement of Material & Process Engineering (SAMPE), USA
· Honorary Member: Canadian Association for Composite Structure and Materials (CACSMA)
· Life Member: The Royal Aeronautical Society (Pakistan Branch), UK (MRAeS).
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
1*. Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Kevlar-Epoxy Composite by Improving the Interface Coupling, M. B. Khan, S. Hussain, R. Hussain and Z. M. Khan, J. of Composite Materials, July 2010, Accepted.
2*. Complex Optical Filter Prepared by Sputtering Deposition, M. H. Asghar, M. Shoaib, Z. M. Khan, F. Placido, S. Naseem and M. Mohammad, Euro. Phys. J. Applied Phys., 49, 20501 (2010), p1-p6.
3*. Surface Peening Morphology Evaluation in Anodized Aluminium Allloy Rotors, M. B. Khan, T. Iqbal, Z. M. Khan, Proceedings Vol 1, Materials Processing and Properties, TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Washington, Seattle, Feb 14, 2010, p 673-680.
4*. Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Modeling of Composites Sandwich Structures, M. A. Iqbal, Z. M. Khan, M. B. Khan, 2009 Interdisciplinary Conference on Chemical, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Melbourne, Australia, USBN: 978-0-9806811-0-9, p352-364.
5*. Innovative Development of High Performance Wings from Carbon Fiber Composite Materials. Z. M. Khan and U. Saeed. International Bhurban Conference on Science & Technology. Jan 11-14, 2010. ISBN 978-969-8741-06-8.
6*. Prospects, Potentials and Applications of Nanopolymer Composites in Next Generation Aerospace Structures, ASEAN-Pakistan Conference on Materials Science, Islamabad, Conference Proceedings, 15-16 Dec, 2008
7*. Development of On-Line Condition Monitoring System in Composite Structures using Fiber Optic Sensors, ASEAN-Pakistan Conference on Materials Science, Islamabad, Conference Proceedings, 15-16 Dec, 2008
8.NANOCOMPOSITES – New Opportunities for Next Generation Aerospace Systems, Proc. 10th National Aeronautical Conference, Risalpur, Pakistan, 20-21 April 2006
9*. Design and Development of Optic Fiber Smart Structure in Aerospace Vehicles, Proc, 3rd International Congress on Aeronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, Sep. 8th - 13th, 2002.
10*. Fiber Optic Sensor for Assessing Layer Waviness in Smart Structures, Conference Proceedings, 3rd Canadian International Composite Conference, ISBN No. 1-58716-114-1, Montreal, Canada, Aug 21-24, 2001, pp 794-801.