Supplementary Information
Twelve-year trends in ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a community of the Alberta Oil Sands Region, Canada
Md. Aynul Bari*,†, Warren B. Kindzierski†, David Spink§
†School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada
§Pravid Environmental Inc., 62 Lucerne Crescent, St. Albert, Alberta, T8N 2R2 Canada
24 pages, 15 tables, 11 figures
*Corresponding author. Tel.:+1 780 248 1984; fax: +1 780 492 0364.
Email address: (M.A. Bari).
S1
Table S1. Reported NPRI emission data for total VOCs releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 20022230 / Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 16,087 / 12,649 / 28,940 / 27,886 / 27,608 / 27,600 / 26,492 / 16,599 / 21,668 / 31,666 / 21,298
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 11,875 / 3,432 / 3,602
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 7,770 / 7,704 / 8,591 / 8,402 / 10,694 / 11,313 / 11,519 / 7,678 / 8,592 / 11,644 / 11,667
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 4,693 / 4,702 / 5,182 / 5,184 / 16364 / 16,418 / 16,385 / 3,024 / 4,159 / 1,863 / 1,340
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 2,259 / 2,050 / 1,460 / 1,346 / 1,831 / 2,521 / 5,006 / 4,941 / 4,782 / 2117 / 9
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag / 194 / 193 / 158 / 90 / 70 / 82 / 91 / 60 / 36
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ / 39 / 19 / 40 / 29 / 23 / 17 / 15 / 15 / 24 / 19
Total / 42,917 / 30,749 / 47,973 / 42,937 / 56,590 / 57,951 / 59,508 / 32,317 / 39,261 / 47,309 / 34,314
Table S2. Reported NPRI emission data for benzene releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 2002 / 20012230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 11 / 22 / 90 / 81 / 81 / 19 / 20 / 14 / 19 / 15 / 25 / 20
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 20 / 2
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 35 / 35 / 35 / 28 / 47 / 54 / 52 / 52 / 60 / 50 / 50 / 53
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 3 / 2.9 / 2.1 / 1.9 / 3 / 3 / 9 / 7.1 / 7 / 39 / 0
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag / 15 / 12
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ
Total / 86 / 76 / 127 / 111 / 131 / 76 / 81 / 73 / 86 / 104 / 75 / 73
Table S3. Reported NPRI emission data for toluene releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 2002 / 20012230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 127 / 181 / 1,552 / 1,428 / 1,353 / 199 / 196 / 132 / 174 / 195 / 177 / 115
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 22 / 5.1 / 28
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 100 / 99 / 87 / 74 / 197 / 211 / 209 / 219 / 246 / 209 / 210 / 210
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 4 / 4.5 / 4 / 5 / 26 / 26 / 26 / 19 / 20
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 0 / 0 / 0.379 / 0.358 / 0.459 / 0.52 / 14 / 1.2 / 1.2 / 44
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag / 9.2
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ
Total / 262 / 290 / 1,672 / 1,507 / 1,576 / 437 / 445 / 371 / 441 / 448 / 387 / 325
Table S4. Reported NPRI emission data for ethylbenzene releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 2002 / 20012230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 70 / 85 / 593 / 539 / 508 / 58 / 63 / 43 / 56 / 58 / 62 / 41
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 3.3 / 0.118 / 26
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 38 / 38 / 20 / 20 / 67 / 70 / 69 / 73 / 82 / 69 / 69 / 70
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4.8
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ
Total / 111 / 123 / 639 / 559 / 575 / 128 / 132 / 116 / 138 / 132 / 131 / 111
Table S5. Reported NPRI emission data for xylene releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 2002 / 20012230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 188 / 307 / 3,086 / 2,803 / 2,652 / 289 / 308 / 211 / 277 / 300 / 305 / 205
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 11 / 1.2 / 26
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 265 / 265 / 134 / 134 / 471 / 478 / 477 / 501 / 562 / 476 / 476 / 477
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 0 / 0 / 0.025 / 0.015 / 2.6 / 0.733 / 0.743 / 0 / 7.5
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag / 3.5 / 3.7 / 3.6 / 3.3 / 3
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ / 0 / 0 / 0
Total / 470 / 579 / 3,250 / 2,940 / 3,129 / 768 / 786 / 712 / 839 / 784 / 781 / 682
Table S6. Reported NPRI emission data for hexane releases to air (tonnes)
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / 2012 / 2011 / 2010 / 2009 / 2008 / 2007 / 2006 / 2005 / 2004 / 2003 / 2002 / 20012230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 75 / 92 / 272 / 273 / 244 / 242 / 38 / 21 / 28 / 115 / 296 / 249
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 0 / 499
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 85 / 83 / 89 / 60 / 104 / 111 / 111 / 117 / 130 / 111 / 112 / 112
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 1.7 / 2.6
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 245 / 221 / 163 / 150 / 205 / 232 / 652 / 552 / 534 / 65 / 0
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ
Total / 407 / 399 / 1,023 / 483 / 553 / 585 / 801 / 690 / 692 / 291 / 408 / 361
Table S7. Estimated emissions for total VOCs releases to air (tonnes) for the year 2010 after CEMA (2012).
NPRI id / Facility in Fort McMurray, Alberta / Stacks / Plant fugitive / Mine fleet / Mine fleet face / Tailings areas / Total VOCs2230 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Suncor Energy Inc. Oil Sands / 116 / 6,198 / 1,173 / 1,084 / 3,376 / 11,950
23275 / CNRL Limited - Horizon Oil Sands Processing Plant and Mine / 159 / 1,270 / 134 / 471 / 723 / 2,757
2274 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Mildred Lake Plant Site / 202 / 3,486 / 332 / 715 / 3,259 / 7,994
6572 / Syncrude Canada Ltd. - Aurora North Mine Site / 23 / 1,515 / 219 / 847 / 934 / 3,538
6647 / Shell Canada Energy - Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine / 10 / 829 / 653 / 537 / 1,438 / 3,467
19181 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - Firebag / 73 / 147 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 220
17630 / Suncor Energy Oil Sands Limited Partnership - MacKay River, In-Situ / 41 / 51 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 92
Total for all facilities / 624 / 13,496 / 2,511 / 3,654 / 9,730 / 30,015
S1
Table S8. Data status for all measured VOC/RSC species (n = 80) during the period of 2001–2012.
No. / VOC/RSC species / MDL (ppb) / MDL (ppb) / MDL (ppb) / MDL / MDL / ND / MDL / MDL / NDJan-Jun 2001 / Jul 2001–Dec 2003 / 2004–2012 / No. of
samples / No. of samples / No. of samples / % / % / %
1 / Butane / 0.14 / 0.036 / 0.03 / 270 / 0 / 50 / 84 / 0 / 16
2 / Isobutane / 0.08 / 0.045 / 0.03 / 239 / 0 / 81 / 75 / 0 / 25
3 / pentane / 0.09 / 0.046 / 0.03 / 226 / 0 / 94 / 71 / 0 / 29
4 / Isopentane / 0.06 / 0.042 / 0.03 / 270 / 0 / 50 / 84 / 0 / 16
5 / Hexane / 0.11 / 0.046 / 0.03 / 223 / 3 / 94 / 70 / 1 / 29
6 / Heptane / 0.04 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 188 / 7 / 125 / 59 / 2 / 39
7 / Octane / 0.06 / 0.043 / 0.03 / 170 / 4 / 146 / 53 / 1 / 46
8 / 2-Methylpentane / 0.08 / 0.037 / 0.03 / 228 / 5 / 87 / 71 / 2 / 27
9 / 3-Methylpentane / 0.16 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 208 / 22 / 90 / 65 / 7 / 28
10 / Methylcyclohexane / 0.05 / 0.039 / 0.03 / 172 / 14 / 134 / 54 / 4 / 42
11 / Benzene / 0.07 / 0.032 / 0.03 / 299 / 4 / 17 / 93 / 1 / 5
12 / Toluene / 0.05 / 0.038 / 0.03 / 293 / 6 / 21 / 92 / 2 / 7
13 / m,p-Xylene / 0.08 / 0.029 / 0.03 / 225 / 13 / 82 / 70 / 4 / 26
14 / 1-Butene / 0.09 / 0.043 / 0.03 / 164 / 1 / 155 / 51 / 0 / 48
15 / Acetone / * / * / 0.2 / 206 / 4 / 110 / 64 / 1 / 34
16 / α-Pinene / 0.53 / 0.033 / 0.03 / 187 / 13 / 120 / 58 / 4 / 38
17 / 2,2-Dimethylbutane / 0.05 / 0.037 / 0.03 / 105 / 7 / 208 / 33 / 2 / 65
18 / 2,3-Dimethylbutane / 0.05 / 0.048 / 0.03 / 143 / 1 / 176 / 45 / 0 / 55
19 / Cyclopentane / 0.14 / 0.046 / 0.03 / 96 / 4 / 220 / 30 / 1 / 69
20 / Methylcyclopentane / 0.08 / 0.053 / 0.03 / 139 / 26 / 155 / 43 / 8 / 48
21 / Cyclohexane / 0.06 / 0.033 / 0.03 / 134 / 7 / 179 / 42 / 2 / 56
22 / 2-Methylhexane / 0.14 / 0.067 / 0.03 / 103 / 1 / 216 / 32 / 0 / 68
23 / 3-Methylhexane / 0.05 / 0.041 / 0.03 / 144 / 5 / 171 / 45 / 2 / 53
24 / 2-methylheptane / 0.26 / 0.034 / 0.03 / 127 / 0 / 193 / 40 / 0 / 60
25 / Nonane / 0.03 / 0.028 / 0.03 / 115 / 14 / 191 / 36 / 4 / 60
26 / Ethylbenzene / 0.04 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 132 / 29 / 159 / 41 / 9 / 50
27 / o-xylene / 0.03 / 0.027 / 0.03 / 151 / 26 / 143 / 47 / 8 / 45
28 / 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene / 0.03 / 0.033 / 0.03 / 99 / 19 / 202 / 31 / 6 / 63
29 / Isoprene / 0.07 / 0.04 / 0.03 / 108 / 2 / 210 / 34 / 1 / 66
30 / 2,3-Dimethylpentane / 0.12 / 0.036 / 0.03 / 74 / 1 / 245 / 23 / 0 / 77
31 / 2,4-Dimethylpentane / 0.05 / 0.034 / 0.03 / 12 / 5 / 303 / 4 / 2 / 95
32 / 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane / 0.034 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 24 / 1 / 295 / 8 / 0 / 92
33 / 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane / 0.07 / 0.035 / 0.03 / 13 / 5 / 302 / 4 / 2 / 94
34 / 3-Methylheptane / 0.05 / 0.041 / 0.03 / 85 / 6 / 229 / 27 / 2 / 72
35 / Decane / * / * / 0.03 / 52 / 5 / 263 / 16 / 2 / 82
36 / Undecane / * / * / 0.03 / 29 / 5 / 286 / 9 / 2 / 89
37 / Dodecane / * / * / 0.03 / 15 / 2 / 303 / 5 / 1 / 95
38 / Styrene / 0.03 / 0.029 / 0.03 / 51 / 18 / 251 / 16 / 6 / 78
39 / 2-Methyl-2-butene / 0.06 / 0.036 / 0.03 / 7 / 2 / 311 / 2 / 1 / 97
40 / 3-Methyl-1-butene / 0.05 / 0.033 / 0.03 / 2 / 0 / 318 / 1 / 0 / 99
41 / 2-Methyl-1-pentene / 0.08 / 0.035 / 0.03 / 25 / 1 / 294 / 8 / 0 / 92
42 / 4-Methyl-1-pentene / 0.21 / 0.075 / 0.03 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
43 / cis-2-Butene / 0.07 / 0.04 / 0.03 / 10 / 3 / 307 / 3 / 1 / 96
44 / trans-2-Butene / 0.11 / 0.046 / 0.03 / 7 / 0 / 313 / 2 / 0 / 98
45 / 1-Pentene / 0.06 / 0.039 / 0.03 / 17 / 1 / 302 / 5 / 0 / 94
46 / cis-2-Pentene / 0.07 / 0.031 / 0.03 / 4 / 0 / 316 / 1 / 0 / 99
47 / trans-2-Pentene / 0.06 / 0.036 / 0.03 / 5 / 0 / 315 / 2 / 0 / 98
48 / cis-2-Hexene / 0.08 / 0.034 / 0.03 / 0 / 1 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
49 / trans-2-Hexene / 0.07 / 0.035 / 0.03 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
50 / Cyclopentene / 0.05 / 0.093 / 0.03 / 3 / 3 / 314 / 1 / 1 / 98
51 / n-Propylbenzene / 0.03 / 0.029 / 0.03 / 29 / 9 / 282 / 9 / 3 / 88
52 / Isopropylbenzene / 0.03 / 0.028 / 0.03 / 7 / 6 / 307 / 2 / 2 / 96
53 / 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene / 0.04 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 31 / 6 / 283 / 10 / 2 / 88
54 / Naphthalene / * / * / 0.03 / 30 / 1 / 289 / 9 / 0 / 90
55 / β-pinene / 0.32 / 0.033 / 0.03 / 92 / 3 / 225 / 29 / 1 / 70
56 / Formaldehyde / * / * / 2 / 1 / 1 / 318 / 0 / 0 / 99
57 / Acetaldehyde / 0.2 / 0.2 / 0.2 / 39 / 1 / 280 / 12 / 0 / 88
58 / Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) / * / * / 0.2 / 63 / 6 / 251 / 20 / 2 / 78
59 / Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) / * / * / 0.2 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
60 / Methanol / * / * / 2 / 30 / 1 / 289 / 9 / 0 / 90
61 / Allyl sulphide / * / * / 1 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
62 / Ethyl sulphide / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
63 / Hydrogen sulfide / * / * / 1 / 2 / 14 / 304 / 1 / 4 / 95
Table S8 (continued).
No. / VOC/RSC species / MDL (ppb) / MDL (ppb) / MDL (ppb) / MDL / MDL / ND / MDL / MDL / NDJan-Jun 2001 / Jul 2001–Dec 2003 / 2004–2001 / No. of
samples / No. of samples / No. of samples / % / % / %
64 / Carbonyl sulphide / * / * / 1 / 29 / 101 / 190 / 9 / 32 / 59
65 / Carbon disulphide / * / * / 1 / 7 / 27 / 286 / 2 / 8 / 89
66 / Dimethyl sulphide / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
67 / Dimethyl disulphide / * / * / 1 / 0 / 4 / 316 / 0 / 1 / 99
68 / Methyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 1 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
69 / Ethyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
70 / Propyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
71 / Butyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
72 / Pentyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
73 / Isopropyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
74 / Isobutyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
75 / tert-Butyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
76 / tert-Pentyl mercaptan / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
77 / 2-Methyl thiophene / * / * / 1 / 2 / 0 / 318 / 1 / 0 / 99
78 / 3-Methyl thiophene / * / * / 1 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
79 / 2,5-Dimethyl thiophene / * / * / 1 / 1 / 0 / 319 / 0 / 0 / 100
80 / 2-Ethyl thiophene / * / * / 1 / 0 / 0 / 320 / 0 / 0 / 100
1–16: detected in >50% of the samples, 17–29: detected in at least 30% of the samples, MDL: minimum detection limit, ND: non-detect or missing, *not measured during 2001–2003.