For informational purposes only; not meant to supersede the advice of a physician.
If you have questions regarding this information, please consult your medical professional.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that can produce AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection when a person’s immune system is severely compromised. At that point, the immune system has a very difficult time fighting off illnesses.
The origin of the virus is thought to be from a type of chimpanzee in Africa.Humans hunted these chimpanzees for their meat.Through this process, humans were exposed to the infected blood and, over time, the disease was transmitted to other humans throughout Africa and eventually to other parts of the world.
HIV and AIDS were first publicly recognized in 1981.From the outset, AIDS generated discriminationand stigma because ofits association with certain groups of people and fear because not much was known about the disease.
HIV is transmitted through some bodily fluids.It can be transported by blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breastmilk.The most common ways to passthis virus are sexual activity, sharing hypodermic needles, blood transfusions and being born to an HIV-infected mother.Not all bodily fluids, however, transmit the HIV. It cannot be transmitted through a person’s saliva, tears or sweat, nor can it be spread through air, water or insects.
HIV is not reproduced outside the body, but it can live in the host body for years before it is noticed or diagnosed.People with the infection may feel and appear healthy, but the virus is still affecting their bodies.Also, even if symptoms are not evident, it is still possible to transmit the virus.Today, people with HIV/AIDS are living much longer than in the past due to new technologies and medications.Currently, there are medications to improve the health of people living with the virus, but there is no cure.
Testing for HIV is fairly accessible at doctors’ offices, local health departments and community organizations.Most offer a free test and will allow you to remain anonymous for privacy.Generally, the test searches for HIV antibodies in your system.When HIV enters your body, your body will respond by producing special proteins (antibodies) that fight against the infection.Blood, saliva or urinemay carry these antibodies.Their presence indicates HIV infection.
The production of HIV antibodies does not start immediately after a person has been exposed to the disease.It can take three to six months before antibodies can be formed and detected in the body; therefore, it is recommended to wait at least three months before testing for antibodies.
Staying informed about HIV/AIDS is key to preventing its spread.Major preventive measures include practicing safe sex and not sharing needles.Education is the greatest tool in preventing HIV, as well as the prejudice often associated with it.
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