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Biology 347
Final Comprehensive Examination
December 15, 2005 Name______
I. Multiple Choice (2 points each, 30 points total)
1. Which immunoglobulin is secreted as a pentamer?
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgD
2. Immunoglobulin classes can be distinguished by
A. Ig heavy chain V region
B. Ig heavy chain D region
C. Ig heavy chain J region
D. Ig heavy chain C region
E. A, B and D are correct
3. Which of the following is/are indicative of a secondary antibody response?
A. high avidity antibodies
B. mostly IgG antibodies
C. mostly IgM antibodies
D. A and B are correct
E. A and C are correct
4. Which of the following function as antigen presenting cell(s)?
A. macrophages
B. dendritic cells
C. B cells
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct
5. The following is/are TRUE statemeants about pluripotent stem cells:
A. expressed in high numbers in the bone marrow
B. express both lymphoid and myeloid cell membrane markers
C. exhibit distinctive morphological/identifiable characteristics
D. B and C are correct
E. none are correct
6. Cells with ability to kill tumor cells that were taken from SCID mice most likely are:
A. cytotoxic T cells
B. T helper cells secreting interleukin-2
C. antibody producing B cells + complement
D. NK cells
E. none of the above
7. Antibodies to immunoglobulin heavy chains recognize two distinct epitopes in mice. Strain A mice are A/A and strain B mice are B/B. A/B mice bred to A/B mice produce mice that exhibit a Mendelian inheritance pattern (1 A/A, 2 A/B, and 1 B/B mice). One can conclude that the antibodies are identifying:
A. immunoglobulin heavy chain allotypes
B. immunoglobulin heavy chain isotypes
C. immunoglobulin heavy chain idiotypes
D. immunoglobulin heavy chain V region gene segments
E. none of the above
8. Vaccine to influenza H1N2 viruses are ineffective from year to year, requiring yearly vaccinations. Yearly lvaccinations for influenza is required because of:
A. antigenic drift
B. loss of reverse transcriptase
C. antigenic shift
D. A and B are correct
E. Al, B and C are correct
9. For bird flu virus (H5N1) to cause a pandemic, the virus has to be transmitted from birds to humans (this has already occurred producing approximately 50% deaths in humans) and then readily transmitted from human to human (this has not occurred). Which of the following genetic events could lead to transmission between humans?
A. antigenic drift
B. antigenic shift
C. mutations of reverse transcriptase
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct
10. Individuals living today may have been exposed to H3N2, H2N2, H1N1, or H1N2 influenza viruses. A human H5N2 influenza virus that is transmitted from human to human would be an example of a new
A. type
B. subtype
C. strain
D. substrain
E. none of the above
11. Which of the following is/are examples of tumor suppressor genes?
A. p53
B. Rb
C. p16
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct
12. Oncogene Her-2/Neu/Erb B2 is an example of:
A. activated transcription factor
B. growth factor
C. growth factor receptor
D. tumor suppressor
E. nuclear receptor
13. APC and mutated DNA repair genes in human colon cancer is/are example(s) of:
A. gate keeper gene
B. caretaker gene
C. landscaper gene
D. A and B are correct
E. A and C are correct
14. Which of the following is/are example(s) of an oncofetal proteins?
A. CEA
B. a-fetoprotein
C. TSTA (tumor specific transplantation antigen)
D. A and B are correct
E. A, B and C are correct
15. Lymphocytes derived from a tumor, activated by IL-2, and then placed back into the individual are called
A. activated cytotoxic T cells
B. activated T helper cells
C. activated B cells
D. activated LAK cells
E. activated TIL cells
II. Fill in the blanks (2 points each, 24 points total)
1. Antibodies are expressed by ______cells
2. T-cell receptors are expressed by ______cells
3. Class I MHC molecules are expressed by ______cells
4. Antibodies can bind to ______expressed on proteins or carbohydrates.
5. T cell receptors recognize only peptides associated with ______molecules
6. ______molecules bind only processed peptides.
7. The ______antibody response is chracterized by an amplified population of memory cells
8. Four immunological attributes of specific immunity are ______,
______, ______, and ______.
9. Immunoglobulin antibody specificity region is called ______.
III. Diagram/label (5 points each, 15 points total)
1. Diagram a “typical” IgG antibody molecule. Label the different regions and give the
significance of each component. (5 points)
2. Via labeled diagram, show positive and negative selection in the thymus, giving rise to self tolerant subpopulations of T cells (5 points)
3. Diagram an antigen presenting cell (APC) presenting a peptide to a cytotoxic T cell, leading to activation the cytotoxic T cell. Label all relevant membrane receptors/proteins and immune phenomena (5 points).
IV. Short answers (31 points total)
1. What effect would removal of the bursa of Fabricius (bursectomy) in chickens have on B- and T- cell mediated antibody responses? (5 points)
2. When T helper 1 (TH1) cells are transplanted from a mouse strain with autoimmune experimental inflammatory bowel disease into normal mice, the normal mice develop inflammatory bowel disease. Explain (5 points).
3. Your challenge is to design an immune technique to distinguish CD4+ T lymphocytes from CD8+ T lymphocytes. [Note: For this technique, you can not use CD4 or CD8 as markers in your immune technique]. In other words, what are other differences between these two T cell subpopulations that could be used to distinguish the two cell types using immune techniques. (6 points)
4. A child at birth was put into a sterile environment due to the deletion of recombination acting genes 1 and 2 (RAG1 & 2). Your task is to describe the lymphocyte/NK cell populations in the peripheral blood of this child (5 points).
5. Two mice strains respond differently to a defined epitope (hapten), one being a high responder and the other a low responder. Explain low versus high responders and list the immunoglobulin class of antibodies generated in both strains of mice. (5 points).
6. In designing a vaccine (using Sabin polio vaccine as an example), what should be the objectives, and which immune targets should be activated in order to maximize immunity? (5 points).