Name: Date: Class:

EOCT STATION REVIEW

STATION 1 - HISTORY OF EVOLUTION – Fill in the names of the scientists using the cards at the station.

  1. Scientist who said that the use or disuse of structures causes them to grow or shrink and that all changes are heritable.
  2. Geologist who developed the theory of uniformitarianism.
  3. Scientist who said that if the population of human grew too large they would be reduced by famine and disease.
  4. Scientist whose work was influenced by the theory of uniformitarianism and came up with the idea of “survival of the fittest.”
  5. Scientist who is considered the “father of evolution,” believed that all organisms originated from a common ancestor, and developed the theory of natural selection.
  6. Geologist who developed the theory of gradualism and said that the earth changed constantly in a “great geological coupling” of destruction and renewal.

Fill in the blank.

WORD BANK

CATASTROPHISM GRADUALISM UNIFORMITARIANISM

  1. is a widely accepted theory in science that says profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes (can be applied to evolution and geology).
  2. is a less accepted theory that the Earth current appearance and changes has only been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope (can also be applied to rapid speciation in evolution).
  3. is the theory that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now, have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe.

STATION 2 – DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

Match Darwin’s four main principles of the theory of natural selection to their descriptions using the cards at the station.

  1. While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources.
  2. Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment. More individuals will have the trait in every following generation, as long as the environmental conditions continue to remain beneficial for that trait.
  3. Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment. More successful individuals are “naturally selected” to live longer and to produce more offspring that share those adaptations for their environment.
  4. The heritable difference, or variations, that exist in every population are the basis for natural selection. The differences among individuals result from differences in the genetic material of the organisms, whether inherited from a parent or resulting or resulting from a genetic mutation.

Fill in the blank.

WORD BANK

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION FITNESS NATURAL SELECTION

  1. is the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population.
  2. is the process by which humans make use of the genetic variations in plants and animals by acting as the selective agent.
  3. is the mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.

STATION 3 – EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

List the evidence of evolution as compared on your station sheet below:

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

e. 

f. 

Fill in the blank.

WORD BANK

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE EMBRYOLOGY HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE PALEONTOLOGY VESITIGIAL STRUCTURE

1.  are features that appear similar in structure but different in function. (Example: humans, dolphins and bats all have the same bones in their fore limbs but they have different functions).

2.  are structures that perform a similar function, but are not similar in origin. (Example: a dragonfly and a bird both have wings but a bird’s wing has bones and a dragonfly’s does not.)

3.  is the study of the embryo and its development from zygote to fetus.

4.  is a remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an early ancestor, but has no current function or value.

5.  is the study of fossils and extinct organisms.

STATION 4 – TYPES OF SELECTION

First match the cards up at the station. Then fill in the information below.

NAME OF SELECTION / DESCRIPTION / GRAPH
Sexual dimorphism is when male and females of the same species look much different from each other. One sex may be larger, differently colored, have horns…etc. Look at the peacock for example. The male has that famous tail whereas the female is brown with no fancy tail. In the process of sexual dimorphism selection operates in opposing directions which gives us the two different looks in the species.
The horse evolved from a small animal built for moving through woodlands to its current long-legged form that is built for speed in the open grasslands. The evolution of this animal favored the selection of an animal with longer legs because of its move to wide open meadows with tall grasses.
The heights of individuals in a population would vary, with most individuals being of an average height and fewer being extremely short or extremely tall.
For birds, too few eggs would mean that the bird has less reproductive potential whereas too many eggs would mean fewer fledglings would survive. This situation favors an average clutch size.
A.
/ B.

C.
/ D.

STATION 5 – HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM

Use the cards at the station to fill in the missing terms. Then answer the questions on your answer sheet.

Hardy-Weinberg describes populations that are not For genotype frequencies to stay the same, five conditions must be met:

1.  Very large (no genetic ).

2.  No emigration or immigration (no gene ).

3.  No (no new alleles added to gene pool)

4.  Random mating (no selection).

5.  No selection (all traits aid equally in survival).

Fill in the blank.

WORD BANK

BOTTLENECK EFFECT EMIGRATION FOUNDER EFFECT GENE FLOW GENETIC DRIFT IMMIGRATION

INTERSEXUAL SELECTION INTRASEXUAL SELECTION

6.  is the movement of alleles from one population to another.

7.  occurs when an organism joins a population.

8.  occurs when an organism leaves a population.

9.  describes changes of allele frequencies due to chance alone. Some alleles will decrease in frequency or be eliminated. While others will likely increase in frequency and become fixed.

10.  type of genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population.

11.  type of genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area.

Circle type of genetic drift in the following scenarios:

6.  FOUNDER OR BOTTLENECK EFFECT - In the 1800’s, northern elephant seas were overhunted. By the 1890’s, the population was reduced to about 20 individuals. Theses 20 seals did not represent the genetic diversity of the original population. Since hunting has ended, the population has grown to over 100,000 individuals. However it has very little genetic variation.

7.  FOUNDER OR BOTTLENECT EFFECT – Old Order Amish communities were founded in North America by small numbers of migrants from Europe. They tend to have a problem with some specific genetic disorders. For example, the Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, have a high rate of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Although this form of dwarfism is rare in other human populations, it has become common in this Amish population. Geneticists have traced this syndrome back to one of the community’s founding couples.

Circle the type of sexual selection:

8.  INTRA OR INTER – In bighorn sheep, males have head-butting competition. Whoever wins the competition wins the female.

9.  INTRA OR INTER –Peacocks will fan out their tails to attract female peahens.

STATION 6 – SPECIATION

Fill in the blanks using the cards provided.

is the rise of two or more species from one existing species. isolation is the final step in speciation.

Populations can become isolated in several ways. barriers cause isolation through differences in courtship and mating behaviors. barriers cause isolation through physical barriers that divide a population. barriers cause isolation because mating is unable to occur because of timing of reproductive periods.

is the opposite of speciation where a species is eliminated from earth. extinctions occur continuously at a very low rate, whereas extinctions causes by catastrophic events are rare but more intense.

Speciation often occurs in patterns. A pattern of equilibrium exists in the fossil record. This theory says that speciation occurs suddenly (typically after major extinctions) and is followed by long periods of evolutionary change.

Short answer:

  1. Explain the difference between convergent and divergent evolution.

STATION 7 - FOSSILS

Match the name of the fossil to its description.

  1. Bones hardened by sediment.
  2. Impression in sediment.
  3. Footprints, leaf imprints.
  4. Trapped in tree sap.
  5. Mummy found in ice, volcanic ash or bog.

STATION 8 - RADIOMETRIC DATING

Use the graph on the lab sheet to answer the following questions.

  1. How long is a half-life for carbon-14?
  2. If only 25% of the carbon-14 remains, how old is the material containing the carbon-14?______
  3. If a sample originally had 120 atoms of carbon-14, how many atoms will remain after 16,110 years?

1.  If a sample known to be about 10,740 years old has 400 carbon-14 atoms, how many atoms were in the sample when the organism died?

Short answer.

  1. What is relative dating?
  2. Explain how index fossils are used in relative dating.
  3. Radium-226 has a half life of 1600 years. If we start with 8000 atoms, how much would remain after 3,200 years?
  4. Plutonium-239 has a half life of 24,120 years. If we start with 20 atoms, how many would remain after 48,240 years?
  5. Uranium-238 has a half life of 4,470,000,000 years. If we start with 60 atoms, how many remain after 4,470,000,000 years?
  6. Iodine-131 has a half life of 8 days. If we start with 24 atoms, how many remain after 32 days? ______

STATION 9 – ORIGINS OF LIFE

Match the terms on the cards at the station to their description below.

  1. Earth’s early atmosphere probably contained hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and water
  2. Experiment where conditions of Oparin’s theory were simulated. Electricity was added to simulate lightning and organic compounds were produced. This experiment showed that abiotic materials could be made into biotic materials.
  3. A hypothesis proposes that RNA was the first genetic material. These special forms of RNA are actually able to catalyze their own replication as opposed to DNA which requires separate enzymes to replicate.
  4. This group of organism actually changed the physical and chemical composition of earth. After thousands of years of photosynthesis these organisms added enough oxygen to the atmosphere to make Earth livable.
  5. This theory says that Eukaryotic cells developed through the process of symbiosis. It is thought that a large prokaryote enveloped a smaller prokaryote with the abilities of cellular respiration or photosynthesis. When the prokaryote could use the products of the enveloped cell, it did not digest it and worked and reproduced in symbiosis with the enveloped cell.

STATION 10 – GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Match the names of the era to their descriptions using the station review.

1.  Early Earth was mostly marine invertebrates few plants ending with large pine trees, multicellular organisms first appeared. The Cambrian explosion led to a huge diversity of animal species. Three mass extinctions occurred. Life moved onto land in the middle of the Paleozoic era.

2.  The Mesozoic era is known as the Age of Reptiles. Dinosaurs, birds, flowering plants, and first mammals appeared. Pangea breaks up

3.  Present era. Lots of bird life, small mammals followed by large mammals (wooly mammoth, etc). Anatomically modern humans appeared late in the era.

Arrange the following terms in order from largest amount of time to smallest amount of time.

EPOCH ERA PERIOD

STATION 11 – HOMINID EVOLUTION

Match the name of the hominid to its description.

  1. “Lucy.” Brain one third size of modern human, digging tools (did not make tools), only found in Africa.
  2. First stone tools, only found in Africa.
  3. Fully upright stance, first to control fire, found in Asia; Africa and Europe, had a spoken language.
  4. Discovered in Neander Valley in Germany, thick heavy bones and big muscles, had knives and other tools, maintained rituals and cared for sick and old, and had a simple language.
  5. 150,000 years ago to present, made 100 advanced tools, lived in semi permanent huts, advanced spoken language

STATION 12 – TAXONOMY

Arrange the seven taxa in order from most inclusive to least inclusive then list it on your answer sheet.

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Fill in the blank:

WORD BANK

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE GENUS LINNAEUS SPECIES TAXON TAXONOMY

8.  is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

9.  is a group of organisms in a classification system.

10.  is considered the father of taxonomy.

11.  is a two part scientific name system that uses Latin words, is always written in italics, and includes the genus species name.

12.  is the first word of a scientific name that is always capitalized.

13.  is the second word in a scientific name that is always lowercase.


Short answer:

14.  Why is it so important to have a universal system of naming?

STATION 13 – CLADOGRAMS AND PHYLOGENY

Use the picture on your lab sheet to answer the questions below.

1.  What do letter A, B, C, F, G, and H represent?

2.  What do the branching lines represent?

3.  Examine the sample cladogram, each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character.

  1. ______Wings
  2. ______6 Legs
  3. ______Segmented Body
  4. ______Double set of wings
  5. ______Jumping Legs
  6. ______Crushing mouthparts
  7. ______Legs
  8. ______Curly Antennae

Fill in the blank:

WORD BANK

CLADE CLADISTICS CLADOGRAM DERIVED CHARACTERISTICS MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MOLECULAR CLOCK PHYLOGENY RIBOSOMAL RNA

4.  is the evolutionary history for a group of species.

5.  is classification based on common ancestry.

6.  is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics.

7.  is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.