Name: ______Core: ______
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – February 6, 2015
The digestive system is used for breaking down ______into ______which then pass into the ______system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
There are four stages to food processing:
- Ingestion: ______food
- Digestion: ______into nutrients
- Absorption: taking in ______by cells
- Egestion: removing any leftover ______
Mouth (Physical and Chemical Digestion)
Digestion begins when food ______the mouth.
It is ______broken down by the ______.
It is begun to be ______broken down by amylase, an______in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates.
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus
The ______moves the food around until it forms a ball called a ______.
The bolus is passed to the ______(throat) and the ______makes sure the bolus passes into the esophagus and not down the windpipe!
The bolus passes down the ______by peristalsis.
Esophagus Stomach
Peristalsis is a wave of ______that push the bolus down towards the stomach.
To enter the stomach, the bolus must pass through the lower esophageal sphincter, a tight muscle that keeps ______out of the esophagus.
The stomach has folds called rugae and is a big muscular pouch which churns the bolus (______Digestion) and mixes it with ______, a mixture of stomach acid, mucus and enzymes.
The acid______any invading bacteria or viruses.
The enzymes help ______proteins and lipids. ______Digestion.
The mucus______the lining of the stomach from being eaten away by the acid.
The stomach does do some ______too.
Some ______(i.e. aspirin), water and alcohol are all absorbed through the stomach.
Small Intestine
The digested bolus is now called ______and it leaves the stomach by passing through the pyloric sphincter.
Chyme is now in the small intestine.
The ______of absorption occurs here.
The liver and ______help the small intestine to maximize absorption.
The small intestine is broken down into three parts:
- Duodenum
Bile, produced in the ______but stored in the ______, enters through the bile duct. It breaks down ______.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice to reduce the acidity of the ______.
- Jejunum
The jejunum is where the ______of absorption takes place.
It has tiny fingerlike projections called ______lining it, which increase the ______for absorbing nutrients.
Each villi itself has tiny fingerlike projections called ______, which further increase the surface area for absorption.
3. Ileum
The last portion of the small intestine is the ileum, which has fewer villi and basically ______the leftovers to pass through the caecum into the large intestine.
Large Intestine Rectum Anus
The large intestine (or ______) is used to ______from the waste material leftover and to produce vitamin K and some B vitamins using the ______that live here.
All leftover waste is compacted and stored at the end of the large intestine called the ______.
When full, the anal sphincter loosens and the waste, called ______, passes out of the body through the anus.
Homeostasis & Other Systems
The endocrine, nervous, digestive and circulatory systems all work together to ______.
Before we eat, smelling food releases ______in our mouths and ______in our stomachs which prepares the body for a snack.