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Name ______Period ______

Scientific Notation and Significant Figures

Scientific Notation

Convert the following numbers into or out of scientific notation.

  1. 0.00003 cm
  2. 8,600,000 g
  3. 1.05  105 mm
  4. 1.00  10-3 m

Record the measurement for each below. Circle the number that is uncertain/

______mL______cm ______°C

How many significant figures do the following numbers have?

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Name ______Period _____

Significant Practice Worksheet

1. Determine the number of significant figures in each of these:

  1. 6.751 g ______
  2. 0.157 kg ______
  3. 28.0 ml ______
  4. 2500 m ______
  5. 0.070 g ______
  6. 30.07 g ______
  7. 0.0067 cm ______
  8. 6.02 X 1023 atoms ______

2. Round each of the following calculations to the correct number of significant figures.

a)47.0 x 0.034______

b)100. x 14.36______

c)(9.2 x 10-2) x (39.1)______

d)250 x 3.742 ______

e)16.2 ______

0.066

f)0.0043______

21.8

g)3.8 x 104______

5.20 x 10-3

h)32.5 g + 23 grams______

i)749.9mL – 2mL______

j)400.cm + 35.792 cm______

k)522.154 km – 3.2 km______

4. 213 grams is added to 1200 grams

  1. 225,895,626 miles expressed with only two significant figures is

Name ______Period ______

Conversion Worksheet

Directions: put all of your answers into scientific notation and the correct number of significant figures

  1. 74 decimeters to gigameters
  1. 500. centigrams to nanograms
  1. 16 hectometers to megameters
  1. 3.6 hectoliters to femtoliters
  1. 500.0 decigrams to kilograms
  1. 15.0 megameters to dekagrams
  1. 325 milliliters to microliters

Name ______Period ______

Density and temperature conversions

  1. 89 °F ______°C
  1. 18 °C ______°F
  1. -3°F to ______°C
  1. 42 °C to ______K
  1. 321 K to ______°C
  1. 259 K to ______°C
  1. 350 K to ______°F
  1. 74°F to ______K
  1. Wood has a density of 5.53 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 33.3 gram sample of wood?
  1. Copper has a density of 4.44 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 2.78 gram sample of copper?
  2. What is the density of mercury that has a mass of 39.6 grams and a volume of 9.00 cm3?
  1. Granite has a density of 4.67 g/cm3. What is the mass of 46.8 cm3 of granite?
  1. What is the density of a piece of iron that has a mass of 59.8 grams and a volume of 2.08 cm3?
  1. Sodium has a density of 1.95 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 56.200 g sample of sodium?
  1. Corn oil has a density of 6.89 g/mL. What is the mass of 34.0 cm3 of corn oil?

Name ______Period ______

Density Problems using Conversions

  1. The density of silver (Ag) is 10.5 g/cm3. Find the mass of Ag that occupies 9.65 L of space.
  1. A 2.75 kg sample of a substance occupies a volume of 250.0 cm3. Find its density in g/cm3.
  1. Under certain conditions, oxygen gas (O2) has a density of 0.00134 g/mL. Find the volume, in L, occupied by 0.2500 kg of O2.
  1. Find the volume that 352 dg of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) will occupy if it has a density of 1.60 g/mL.
  1. The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL at 20oC. Find the mass of a sample of ethanol that has a volume of 0.1500 L at this temperature.
  1. 3500mg of each of the following acids are needed. Find the volume of each that must be measured out in a graduated cylinder.
  1. hydrochloric acid (HCl), density = 1.164 g/mL
  1. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), density = 1.834 g/mL
  1. nitric acid (HNO3), density = 1.251 g/mL
  1. A cube of gold (Au) has a side length of 1.55 cm. If the sample is found to have a mass of 71.9 g, find the density of Au.

Name ______Period ______

Density and Percent Error Problems

  1. Find the density (in g/mL) of a material given that a mass of 5030 mg occupies 0.00324 L.
  1. What is the mass, in kg, of a sample of matter with a density of 6.72 g/cm3 that displaces 55.1 mL of water?
  1. A sample of an irregularly-shaped grey metal has a mass of 48.23 grams. The only way to determine the volume is by water displacement. When you initially read the volume of a graduated cylinder, it reads 25.4 mL. After the metal is added to the graduated cylinder, the final volume of the graduated cylinder is 30.6 mL. What is the volume of the metal in cm3? What is the density of the metal in g/cm3?
  1. A student measures the mass and volume of a substance and then calculates the density of the substance to be 1.40 g/mL. The correct, or accepted value, for the density of the substance is 1.36 g/mL. What is the percent error of the student’s measurement?
  1. In the lab, a group of students measures the mass of a solid to be 24.6 grams. When determining the volume, the students initially read to the volume of the graduated cylinder to be 50.0 mL. After the metal is added to the graduated cylinder, the final volume is 53.7 mL. If accepted value for the density of the metal is 8.00 g/cm3, what is the percent error of the groups measurements?
  1. An irregularly-shaped sample of aluminum (Al) is put on a balance and found to have a mass of 43.6 g. The student decides to use the water-displacement method to find the volume. The initial volume reading is 25.5 mL and, after the Al sample is added, the water level has risen to 37.1 mL. What is the percent error of the student if the accepted value of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3?

Name ______Period ______

Mini Review

DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES IN THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS:

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  1. 320,000 mm
  2. 0.0400 g
  3. 5,000 km
  4. 68,050 L

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CONVERT THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS INTO OR OUT OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION:

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  1. 0.000506 mL
  2. 42,000,000,000 pm
  3. 5.00  10-3 km
  4. 8.200  102 m

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CALCULATE AND EXPRESS ANSWERS IN THE CORRECT UNITS AND # OF SIG FIGS.

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  1. (0.00600 m)  (0.030 s) =
  2. (167.55 g) – (87.3 g) =
  3. (50.75 mL) + (155 mL) =
  4. (5,200 cm) (0.07 cm) =
  5. (12.5 g)  (6.0 g/cm3) =
  6. (370 mg) + (1200 mg) =

PERFORM THE FOLLOWING SI UNIT CONVERSIONS (watch sig figs!):

QUESTION SHEET

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  1. 177 mL = ___ L
  2. 56 m = ___ cm
  3. 0.093 kg = ___ mg
  4. 54,400 m = ____ dm

Temperature Conversions

  1. 19.5 °C to K
  1. 210 K to °C
  1. 45 °F to K

QUESTION SHEET

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SOLVE THE FOLLOWING DENSITY PROBLEMS:

  1. Limestone has a density of 2.72 g/cm3. What is the mass of 24.9 cm3 of limestone?
  2. Helium has a density of 0.017 g/L. What is the volume, in mL, of a weather balloon that contains 3800 cg of helium?
  3. A 0.750-cm3 sample of platinum has a density of 21.4 g/cm3. What is its mass in decigrams?
  4. A student measures the volume of a small aluminum ball by water displacement. The initial volume of water in the graduated cylinder is 25.0 mL. After the student adds the ball of aluminum, the volume of the water rises to 29.5 mL. He determines that the mass of the sphere is 6.5g. The accepted value of the density of aluminum is 2.70g/cm3. What is the percent error of the student’s measurement?

Name ______Period ______

Energy Conversions

Directions: Show your work in doing each of the following heat conversions.

  1. Convert 15,000 cal to J
  1. How many calories are there in a big mac value pack that contains 4.89 x 103 J of energy?
  1. Convert 3.75 x 10-4 kcal to calories
  1. How many kilojoules are there in 325 joules?
  1. Convert 650,000 calories to kJ
  1. How many kilocalories are there in 5.08 x 105 Joules?

Name ______Period ______

Specific Heat Problems #1

  1. Determine the temperature change of a substance when 38.7 grams of a metal with a specific heat of 0.831 J/goC gives off 425 J of energy.
  1. How many kilojoules of energy are produced when 12.6 grams of water (Cp = 4.18 J/goC) rises from 21.2oC to 85.7oC?
  1. The specific heat of silver is 0.24 J/goC. What is the mass of silver when 385 J of energy is absorbed when the temperature is increased from 22.3oC to 57.9oC?
  1. 25 J of energy is absorbed when 20.0 grams of metal, initially at 24.1oC, is heated to a final temperature of 26.3oC. What is the specific heat of this metal?

Name ______Period ______

Specific Heat Problems II

1. How much energy must be absorbed by 20.0 g of water to increase its temperature from 283.0°C to 303.0 °C?

Endothermic or exothermic? ______

2. When 15.0 g of steam drops in temperature from 275.0 °C to 250.0 °C, how much heat energyis released?

Endothermic or exothermic? ______

3. 120.0 g of water absorbs 11,035 J of energy. The final temperature of the water is 24.0 °C. What was the initial temperature of the water?

4. If 720.0 g of steam at 400.0 °C absorbs 800.0 kJ of heat energy, what will be its increase intemperature?

  1. How much heat (in kJ) is given out when 85.0 g of lead cools from 200.0 °C to 10.0 °C? (Cp oflead = 0.129 J/g °C).
  1. If it takes 41.72 joules to heat a piece of gold weighing 18.69 g from 10.0 °C to 27.0 °C, what isthe specific heat of the gold?
  1. A certain mass of water was heated with 41,840 Joules, raising its temperature from 22.0 °Cto 28.5 °C. Find the mass of water.
  1. How many joules of heat are needed to change 50.0 grams of ice at -15.0 °C to steam at 120.0°C?

Name ______Period ______

Specific Heat III

  1. You find an unusual metal that has a mass of 40.1 grams. What is the specific heat of a metal when 415 J of energy is absorbed when the temperature is increased from 25.7oC to 48.2oC? Using Table of specific heat values in your notes, what is the metal?
  1. Determine the mass of a sample of aluminum (Cp = 0.900 J/goC) when its cools from 143.6 °C to 47.2 °C and releases .555 KJ.

What type of process is this an example of (endothermic or exothermic)? Explain.

  1. Ice, with a specific heat of 2.03 J/goC, absorbs 4180 calories of energy when the temperature increases 5.9oC. What is the mass of ice in kilograms?

What type of process is this an example of (endothermic or exothermic)? Explain.

  1. A sample of silver metal (Cp = 0.24 J/goC) has a mass of 783 mg. The metal absorbs 4.9 J of energy when the final temperature is 74.2oC. What is the initial temperature of the silver sample?

Name ______Period ______

Calorimetry Problems

1.When 33.8 grams of a metal, initially at 103.5oC, is added to 51.2 grams of water, initially at 24.1oC, the final temperature of the metal and water is 26.3oC. Assuming that all of the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water, what is the specific heat of the metal?

2. An unknown metal has a mass of 0.485 g and a temperature of 385.2oC is placed in a Styrofoam cup. A 9.25 g sample of water at 28oC is poured over the metal sample. The final temperature of the metal and water is 32oC. Assuming that all of the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water, what is the specific heat of the metal in J/goC?

3. A 150.0 gram sample of metal at 75.0 °C is added to 150.0 grams of water at 15.0 °C. The temperature of the water rises to 18.3°C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal, assuming that all the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water.

Calculate the percent error if the accepted value for specific heat for this metal is 0.289 J/g°C.

  1. A 46.2 gram sample is heated to 95.4°C and then placed in a calorimeter containing 75.0 grams of water at 19.6 °C. The final temperature of the metal and water is 21.8 °C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal, assuming that all the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water.

Calculate the percent error if the accepted value for specific heat for this metal is 0.225 J/g°C.

Name ______Period ______

Review Packet

Convert the following from standard notation to scientific notation

  1. 0.0001809______3. 33,500,000,000 ______
  1. 276,000,000______4. 0.0000041______

Convert the following from scientific notation to standard notation

5. 6.14 x 10-3______7. 1.5 x 109______

6. 2.07 x 104______8. 9.8 x 10-7 ______

How many significant figures are in each of the following numbers?

9. 0.0001809______11. 33,500,000,000 ______

10. 2.07 x 104______12. 9.80 x 10-7 ______

Round each of the following calculations to the correct number of significant figures.

13. 47.0 + 0.034______

14. 100. - 14.36______

15. (9.2 x 10-2) x (39.1)______

16. 250 x 3.742 ______

17. 16.2 X 0.066______

Directions: Show all of your work!!! Make sure to include units in your answers.

18. 9.73 x 10-3 kilograms to centigrams

19. 265 centimeters to dekameters

20. 2.7 x 10-4megameters to millimeters

21. 48.9 L to mL

22. Convert 39.5°C to F.

23. Convert 89°F to Kelvin

24. The mass of an object is 6.89 kg. The density of this object is 2.7 g/mL. What is the volume of this sample?

25. A metal is known to have a density of 2.35 g/mL. When the metal is placed in water, the volume of water rises from 10.0 mL to 14.9 mL.

What is the volume of the metal?

What is the mass of the metal?

26.A metal has an accepted density of 3.59 g/mL. The mass of the metal is found to be 46.9 grams. A student fills a graduated cylinder to 10.0 mL and then places the metal into the graduated cylinder. The liquid in the cylinder rises to 22.0 mL. What is the measured density of the metal? What is the percent error of this density measurement?

27. Convert 7.81 calories to kilojoules

28. Convert 5.19 x 104 joules to kilocalories

29. What is the mass of a sample of an unknown metal (Cp = 0.375 J/goC) when 208 J of energy is absorbed when the temperature rises from 22.3oC to 31.9oC?

Is this an endothermic or exothermic process? Explain your answer.

30. Determine the temperature change when 38.7 grams of a metal with a specific heat of 0.831 J/goC gives off 425 J of energy when the initial temperature is 38.0oC.

Is this an endothermic or exothermic process? Explain your answer.

31. How many kilojoules of energy are produced when 12.6 grams of water (Cp = 4.184 J/goC) rises from 21.2oC to 85.7oC?

32. Determine the specific heat of a metal if a 45.0 gram sample of the metal, initially at 94.6oC, is added to 75.0 grams of water at 23.1oC. The final temperature of the water and the metal is 26.2oC. Assume that all of the heat lost by the metal is gained by the water.

Calculate the percent error if the accepted value for specific heat for this metal is 0.400J/g°C

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