Table S1: GenBank numbers for Eleotridae used in phylogenetic analysis.

TaxonCOIcytbND1ND2

Rhyacichthyidae

Rhyacichthys asproAP004454AP004454AP004454AP004454

Odontobutidae

Odontobutis obscuraAF391330 ------AF391402AF391474

Odontobutis potamophilaAY722174AY722247AY722311AY722371

AY722153AY722225AY722290AY722353

Milyeringidae

Milyeringa veritasAY722168AY722240AY722305 ------

AY722169AY722241AY722306 ------

Butidae

Bostrychus sinensisAY722164AY722236AY722301 ------

Butis butisAY722180 ------AY722319AY722377

Kribia nana ------AY722211AY722278 ------

AY722150AY722222AY722288 ------

------AY722221AY722287 ------

Ophiocara porocephalaAY722250 ------AY722314 ------

Oxyeleotris lineolatusAY722165AY722237AY722302AY722364

AY722139AY722209AY722276AY722340

Oxyeleotris marmorataAY722177AY722252AY722316AY722374

AY722176AY722251AY722315AY722373

Oxyeleotris nullipora ------AY722249AY722313 ------

------AY722242AY722307 ------

Oxyeleotris selhemiAY722179 ------AY722318AY722376

AY722166AY722238AY722303AY722365

Eleotridae

Calumia godfrayiAY722125AY722194AY722262AY722325

Dormitator latifronsAY722142AY722213AY722280AY722343

AY722138AY722207AY722274AY722338

Dormitator maculatusAY722143AY722214AY722281AY722344

AY722137AY722206AY722273AY722337

Eleotris acanthopomaAP004455AP004455AP004455AP004455

Eleotris armigerAY722167AY722239AY722304AY722366

Eleotris amblyopsisAY722136AY722205AY722272AY722336

AY722154AY722226AY722291AY722354

AY722141AY722212AY722279AY722342

Eleotris fuscaAY722172AY722245AY722309AY722369

Eleotris pictaAY722148AY722219AY722286AY722349

AY722135AY722204AY722271AY722334

AY722157AY722229AY722294AY722357

Eleotris sandwicensisAF391477AY722186AF391333AF391405

AF391478 ------AF391334AF391406

Eleotris smaragdusAF391499AY722185AF391355AF391427

Gobiomorphus australisAY722145AY722216AY722283AY722346

AY722147AY722218AY722285AY722348

Gobiomorphus brevicepsAY722152AY722224AY722289AY722352

Gobiomorphus coxiiAY722149AY722220 ------AY722350

AY722151AY722223 ------AY722351

Gobiomorphus hubbsiAY722155AY722227AY722292AY722355

AY722156AY722228AY722293AY722356

AY722158AY722230AY722295AY722358

Gobiomorus dormitorAY722144AY722215AY722282AY722345

AY722134AY722203AY722270AY722334

Gobiomorus maculatusAY722132AY722201AY722269AY722332

AY722124AY722193AY722261AY722324

AY722178 ------AY722317AY722375

AY722133AY722202 ------AY722333

Guavina micropusAY722131AY722200AY722268AY722331

Hemieleotris latifasciatusAY722173AY722246AY722310AY722370

Hypseleotris aureaAF391536AY722187AF391392AF391464

Hypseleotris compressaAF391510AY722188AF391366AF391438

Hypseleotris klunzingeriAF391537AY722189AF391393AF391465

Leptophilypnus fluviatilisAY722130AY722199AY722267AY722330

AY722129AY722198AY722266AY722329

AY722128AY722197AY722265AY722328

Leptophilypnus panamensisAY722127AY722195AY722264AY722326

AY722126AY722196AY722263AY722327

Microphilypnus ternetziAY722181AY722253AY722320AY722378

Mogurnda adspersaAF391511AY722184AF391367AF391439

Mogurnda mogurndaAY722140AY722210AY722277AY722341

AY722123AY722192AY722260AY722323

Ophieleotris aporosAF391512 ------AF391368AF391440

AY722160AY722232AY722297AY722360

AY722159AY722231AY722296AY722359

AY722161AY722233AY722298AY722361

Philypnodon grandicepsAF391530 ------AF391386AF391458

Ratsirakea legendreiAY722162AY722234AY722299AY722362

AY722163AY722235AY722300AY722363

Tateurndina ocellicaudaAY722175AY722248AY722312AY722372

Xenisthmus sp.AF391516 ------AF391372AF391444

Table S2:GenBank numbers for Apogonidae used in phylogenetic analysis.

TaxonCOIENC1RAG1

Apogon atradorsatusAB890008AB893478AB893361

Apogon aurolineatusAB890009 ------AB893362

Apogon campbelliAB890010AB893480AB893363

Apogon crassicepsAB890011AB893481AB893364

Apogon doryssaAB890012AB893482AB893365

Apogon dovii ------AB893483AB893366

Apogon guadalupensisAB890013AB893484AB893367

Apogon imberbis ------AB893485AB893368

Apogon maculatusAB890014AB893486AB893369

Apogon pacificusAB890015AB893487AB893370

Apogon phenaxAB890016AB893488AB893371

Apogon planifronsAB890017AB893489AB893372

Apogon pseudomaculatus ------AB893490AB893373

Apogon retrosellaAB890018AB893491AB893374

Apogon seminigracaudusAB890019AB893492AB893375

Apogon semiornatusAB890020AB893493AB893376

Apogon talbotiAB890021AB893494AB893377

Apogon townsendiAB890022AB893495AB893378

Apogon unicolorAB890023AB893496AB893379

Astrapogon puncticulatusAB890030AB893503AB893386

Gymnapogon vanderbiltiAB890003AB893473AB893356

Paroncheilus affinisAB890088AB893560AB893440

Phaeoptyx conkliniAB890089AB893561AB893441

Phaeoptyx pigmentariaAB890090AB893562AB893442

Pseudamia gelatinosaAB890005AB893475AB893358

Zapogon evermanniAB890118AB893590AB893468

Table S3: Eleotridae and Apogonidae specimens used in morphometric analyses. ANSP = Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; CAR = Caribbean/Western Atlantic; EPAC = Eastern Pacific; FMNH = Field Museum of Natural History; LACM = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; MED = Mediterranean; UF = Florida Museum of Natural History.

TaxonNRangeCatalog number

Eleotridae

Dormitator latifrons1EPACLACM 2811

5EPACLACM 56197-4

5EPACUF 15276

5EPACUF 19853

Dormitator maculatus2CARLACM 1445

3CARLACM 5659

1CARLACM 32374-7

10CARUF 188083

Eleotris armiger4EPACLACM 7037

3EPACUF 4465

4EPACUF 224455

Eleotris smaragdus5CARLACM 31007-21

2CARUF 18289

1CARUF 62243

1CARUF 99915

1CARUF 200732

Gobiomorus dormitor3CARLACM 32345-4

1CARLACM 32347-1

2CARLACM 32437-3

1CARUF 9263

3CARUF 11078

2CARUF 11192

4CARUF 134876

Gobiomorus maculatus1EPACLACM 2776

5EPACLACM 4843

Apogonidae

Apogon atradorsatus6EPACLACM 43680-14

LACM 45585-3

Apogon aurolineatus6CARANSP 108410

ANSP 1118444

ANSP 127857

Apogon binotatus9CARANSP 94861

ANSP 147262

Apogon dovii7EPACLACM 32492-17

LACM 32503-6

LACM 32537-15

Apogon guadalupensis6EPACLACM 31782-49

LACM 32097-54

Apogon imberbis9MEDUF 225062

Apogon lachneri5CARLACM 4539

LACM 30259-17

Apogon maculatus7CARLACM 7742

LACM 36219-4

Apogon mosavi6CARANSP 113434

Apogon pacificus5EPACLACM 31776-29

LACM 32495

Apogon phenax7CARFMNH 98106

FMNH 98236

FMNH 98409

FMNH 98420

FMNH 98476

Apogon pillionatus3CARANSP 123818

ANSP 144339

ANSP 149005

Apogon planifrons7CARFMNH 98122

FMNH 98562

FMNH 98600

FMNH 98605

LACM 8940-15

Apogon pseudomaculatus6CARFMNH 64209

FMNH 64214

FMNH 65175

FMNH 65193

LACM 2457

Apogon quadrisquamatus4CARANSP 97026

Apogon retrosella7EPACLACM 6963-9

LACM 6981-8

Apogon townsendi11CARFMNH 97254

FMNH 98065

FMNH 98481

LACM 4563

Astrapogon alutus2CARLACM 5374

Astrapogon puncticulatus7CARFMNH 98111

FMNH 98187

FMNH 98195

FMNH 98205

FMNH 98217

Astrapogon stellatus3CARLACM 5378

LACM 6717-1

Paroncheilus affinis4CARANSP 144100

ANSP 144192

Phaeoptyx conklini9CARLACM 5379

LACM 5380

LACM 5389

Phaeoptyx pigmentaria9CARLACM 2556

LACM 5397

LACM 31573-7

LACM 36218-7

Phaeoptyx xenus8CARFMNH 82586

FMNH 98063

FMNH 98075

FMNH 98121

FMNH 98434

LACM 6834-1

Zapogon evermanni4CARANSP 144099

ANSP144100

FMNH 118475

FMNH 119001