Path of Blood Through the Heart: Blood Flow

Cardiovascular Unit Packet

COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATION (will also need know chart from med terms unit)

ADL / meds / medication
am / Morning / MI / Myocardial infarction
BLS / Basic life support / NKA
bpm / NPO
B/P, BP / OR
CCU / preop / Before surgery
CHD / postop / After surgery
CHF / RR
CXR / stat
DOB / TIA
Dx / TV
ECG/ EKG / unc. / Unconscious
Etiol / vit / vitamin
inj / injection / w/c / wheelchair

WORD PARTS

Erythro- / Arter/o
Leuk- / Ather/o
Tachy- / Atri/o
cyte / Cardi/o, card/o
-ary, -ic, ac / Valv
Hem/o, hemat/o / Phleb/o
-itis / Lysis
malacia / -osis
Sclerosis / -stenosis
Diastole/o / Systol/o
-verse, -version / -ion
Hepat/o / Circulat/o

UNIT VOCABULARY

aneurysm / blood vessel that bulges because of a weakness in the wall
Atherosclerosis
arteriostenosis
Blood pressure / The force of the blood against the walls of the arteries
Cardioversion / Restoration of normal heart rhythm by electric shock
Contract / Shorten, reduce in size
Coronary
diastolic
Hepatic circulation
Infarction / An area of tissue death (necrosis) caused by loss of oxygen as a result of obstruction
Pulmonary circulation
Rate / Expression of speed or frequency of an event in relation to a specified amount of time, number of contraction of the heart per minute
Stethoscope / Instrument used to listen to body sounds such as the heart beat
Systemic circulation
Systolic
Vessel / Tubule in the body that carries fluid

PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART: BLOOD FLOW

BLOOD FLOW COLORING: 1’s are veins, 2’s are arteries

Heart circulation:

-pulmonary:

-systemic:

-coronary:

Blood Flow

A. Vessels

Arteries carry blood ______
Largest =
Heart muscle contractions pump blood through arteries
Veins carry blood ______
Largest =
Valves prevent blood from flowing back
______muscle contractions move blood through veins

B. Valves

Control blood flow
Valve between the Left atrium and Left ventricle = ______
Valve between the Right atrium and Right ventricle = ______
Pulmonary and aortic valves ______

Structures:

-Heart

______beats/minute
______beats/day
______average lifetime
circulates about ______of blood

Functions:

-Blood vessels

Heart:

-______sided double pump

-Is about the size of your ______

-Lies in the ______cavity between the ______

Heart Tissue:

-______: smooth membranous lining inside the heart

-______: thickest layer, muscle tissue. contractile.

-______: outer most layer in the pericardium.

-______: a protective sac that covers outside of heart

Parts of the Heart:

-Divided into ______

-______chambers in each side. Total of ______chambers.

-______: top, where blood enters

-______: bottom, where blood leaves

-Left and Rights sides separated by a partition called a ______

Cardiac Conduction System: pg. 808

-Electrical impulses produce a wave that can be recorded on the ______

-Consists of;

______
Located in the ______
Is a natural ______
Fires at a rate of ______to ______per minute.
______starts in the SA node.
______
Located in the ______
______the electrical impulse
Fires at a rate of ______to ______per minute.
______
Located ______
Transfers ______
______
Located ______
Act as a ______or ______in the road
Impulses in bundle branch ______
______
Provide ______
Activate ______causing ______to contract

HEART SOUNDS:

- LUBB SOUND

Heard
Mitral

-DUPP SOUND

Heard
Shorter and higher pitched
Closing of the

-MURMURS

BLOOD PRESSURE:

- Systolic =

-Diastolic =

-Normal BP =

Healthy systolic is less than
Healthy diastolic should be less than

HEALTH CONCERNS/ASSESSMENTS/RISK FACTORS

HEART DISEASE / Problems that can compromise heart functions, ______Examples include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy
WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK / Occurs when a ______resulting in loss of the blood supply to heart tissue. More than ______individuals have a heart attack each year in the U.S
Symptoms:
-Chest pain, may spread to back, arms, neck and jaw
-
-Nausea, vomiting
-
-Weakness, anxiety, indigestion, heartburn
Symptoms in Women:
- May differ from men
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SIGNS / Occurs when ______or partially obstructs coronary arteries and can result in ______.
Reduced blood flow may cause ______(angina)
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH / Occurs when the heart’s ______become erratic and cause the heart muscle to ______irregularly which results in the inability of the heart to pump blood.
Arrhythmia: erratic heart beat:
- Irregular electrical impulses can alter,______
CARDIOMYOPATHY / A disease that causes changes in the heart muscle that reduce the heart’s ______
(CONGESTIVE) HEART FAILURE / Over time the heart’s pumping action cannot meet or fails the ______
Ex: They have difficulty climbing stairs.
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT / A defect in the development of the heart as an organ that ______although some are not found until adulthood.
TESTING / Electrocardiogram (EKG):
- Measures
Stress test:
- Measures the ability of a person’s heart to______Measurement of the heart’s electrical activity is recorded as exercise is gradually increased on a treadmill.
Holter Monitor:
-It is worn for 1 or 2 days and provide ______
Chest X ray:
-Used to provide the doctor with a view ______to determine if abnormalities are present
Echocardiogram:
-A real time moving picture of a heart made by using ______(ultrasound)
Cardiac CT:
- Detailed 3-D images of the heart. Used to look for ______
Catheterization
- A thin tube is placed in a blood vessel in ______and threaded into the heart. Dye is used to show blockage of the artery.
TREATMENT / Medicine: may reduce the signs and symptoms
Angioplasty:
-A thin tube is placed in a ______
Bypass Surgery
- Occurs when a surgeon removes ______from one part of the body and uses it to connect one open part of a coronary artery to another open party bypassing the area that ______
RISK / Men have ______heart disease is the number one killer of both sexes. People with family history, ______
Smoking increases a person’s risk for heart disease ______greater than non-smokers

OTHER HEALTH CONCERNS: PG 188-91

DISORDER / ETIOLOGY / S/S / TX
HYPERTENSION
STROKE