Clade / PA-P (predicted based on morphology) / PA-P (2) Alopecurinae / PA-P (1) / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / PA-P (1)
Geographic Distribution / South America, Andes of Colombia / Worldwide / SE Asia / Eurasia W & Cent. / Arctic Russia & North America
Number of species / 3 / 40 / 2 / 5 / 1
Annual or perennial / Annual & perennial / Annual & perennial / Perennial / Annual / Perennial
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 2--25% (1--3 mm at base or more) / 1% (fused at base) / Open to base / 1--4% (1--4 mm) / 4--20% (7--20 mm)
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above & below with part of pedicle / Below / Above / Above / Above
Number of florets / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 (2)
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Absent / Absent / Present / Present or absent / Present
Callus hair distribution / N/A / N/A / Low crown / Low crown / Low crown
Callus hair length in mm when present / N/A / N/A / 0.1--0.2 / 0.1--0.2 / 0.1--0.2
Lemma number of nerves / 5 / 1, 3, 5, 7 / 5 / 5 / 5
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, slightly compressed / Rounded, strongly compressed / Keeled, moderately compressed / Rounded, slightly compressed / Keeled, compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Present (slender short or longer awned) / Present (short or longer, 1 absent) / Absent (rarely a mucro) / Present (slender short or longer awned) / Absent
Lemma awn position / Apical / Dorsal / Subapical / Apical, subapical / N/A
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth or slightly scabrous, glabrous / Not yet evaluated / Scabrous, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / Sparse / Not yet evaluated / Sparse, distal / Sparse / Dense
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Dense plumose / Simple linear / Not yet evaluated / Plumose, short / Plumose
Style free or fused / Free / Fused at base / Free / Free / Free
Hilum shapes / Punctiform / Linear / Narrow elliptical / Elliptical / Narrow elliptical
Hilum % of grain length / (10% or less) / 10% / 10% / 12% / 20--25%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Soft or hard / Hard / Soft / Hard (at least in age) or soft
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Lipid / Unknown / Lipid / Lipid
Anther number / (2) 3 / 3 / 3 / 1, 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 1.6--2.7 / 0.3--3.5 / 0.6--1.5 / 0.2--1.8 / 1.3--4
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Lanceolate / N/A / Broad lanceolate / Lanceolate / Broad lanceolate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 2 / N/A / 2 / 2, 3 / 2
Lodicule lobing / Entire / N/A / Dents or short lateral lobe / Lobed / Lobed
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / N/A / Glabrous / Unknown / Glabrous
Chromosome base number -- x = / Unknown / 7 / 7 / 7 / 7
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / Unknown / 14--100+ / 42 / 14 / 28, 28--30, 42, 46, 56
Appendix S2.Some diagnostic characteristics of the 40accepted genera of Poeae subtribes Coleanthinae, Miliinae, and Poinae s.l. (including Alopecurinae, Beckmanniinae, Cinninae, Phleinae). Discrepancies noted: Fl TK = Davis, 1985; Tz = Tzvelev, 1976; W&D = Watson & Dallwitz, 1992.
Clade / PA-P (2) Alopecurinae / PA-P (1) / PA-P (2) Beckmannia/ Pholiurus / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / Coleanthinae
Geographic Distribution / Arctic Russia & North America / Cent. & E Asia & low-Arctic / Eurasia / SW Asia / Worldwide
Number of species / 1 / 5--7 / 2--4 / 4 / 3
Annual or perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Perennial
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 66% / 15--33% (P. eminens)16--25% (sect. Aphydris) / Open to base / 1% (fused ca. 1 mm) / 50--80%
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above / Above / Below / Above / Above
Number of florets / 2--6 / 2--6 / 1 (2) / 2--8 / 1--4 (7)
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present / Present or absent / Absent (rarely present) / Present / Absent
Callus hair distribution / Crown / Crown / (rarely with a few short hairs) / Crown / N/A
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.8 / 1--2 / Short / 0.2--0.9 / N/A
Lemma number of nerves / 3 (5) / 5, 7 (9) / 5 / 5 / 3
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, slightly compressed / Keeled, moderately compressed / nearly flat, strongly dorsally compressed / Keeled weakly, slightly compressed / Keeled, slightly compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent (infrequentlycuspidate) / Absent / Absent or mucro / Absent or present (mucro to short awned) / Absent
Lemma awn position / Apical / N/A / Apical / Apical / N/A
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous or sparse pubescent / Smooth, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous / Smooth, glabrous or sparse pubescent
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / N/A / Moderate to dense / N/A / Dense / N/A
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Linear lance, narrow / Plumose / Simple linear to sparse plumose / Plumose / Plumose
Style free or fused / Free / Free / Free / Free / Free
Hilum shapes / Oval / Narrowly elliptical / Round to oval / Elliptical / Elliptical to broadly ovate
Hilum % of grain length / 10% (20%) / Not yet evaluated / 10% / 20% / 20--25%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Hard / Soft / Soft / Hard
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Unknown / Lipid / Lipid / Absent
Anther number / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 1.2--2 (3) / 1.6--3.2 / 0.4--1.8 / 1.2--2.8 / 0.7--1.6
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Broad lanceolate / Broad flabellate / Lanceolate / Lanceolate-broad lanceolate / Broad flabellate to truncate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2
Lodicule lobing / Entire or lobes / Dentate upper margin / Slender lobe / Lobed or not obviously lobed / Unlobed, but upper margin dentate
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / Glabrous or with 1—2 cilia / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous
Chromosome base number -- x = / 7 / 7 / 7 / 7 / 5
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / 42, 63 / (28, 29,) 42, (62) / 14, 16, 28 / 14 / 10, 20
Appendix 2. Continued.
Catabrosella / Cinna / Coleanthus / Colpodium / CornucopiaeClade / Coleanthinae / PA-P (1) / Coleanthinae / Coleanthinae / PA-P (2) Alopecurinae
Geographic Distribution / SW & Cent. Asia / Circumboreal to South America / Asia to Pacific NW North America / SW Asia & adj. SE Europe / SW Asia (adventive Europe)
Number of species / 11 / 4 / 1 / 3 / 2
Annual or perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Annual / Perennial / Annual
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 17--25% / 1% (open almost to base) / 50--66% / 14--60% / 3--22% (1--5 mm)
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above / Below (& sometimes above) / Above (or N/A) / Above / Below, in clusters
Number of florets / (1) 2, 3 (4) / 1 (2) / 1 / 1 / 1
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present or absent / Absent / Absent / Absent / Absent
Callus hair distribution / Low crown / N/A / N/A / N/A / N/A
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.1--0.2 / N/A / N/A / N/A / N/A
Lemma number of nerves / 3, 5 / 3, 5 / 1 / 3 / 5
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, moderately compressed / Keeled, strongly compressed / Keeled, slightly compressed / Keeledweakly, slightly compressed / Keeled, strongly compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent / Absent or mucro / Mucro / Absent / Absent or present
Lemma awn position / N/A / Subapical / Apical / N/A / Dorsal
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth, glabrous or sparse pubescent / Scabrous, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous / Smooth, glabrous or sparse pubescent / N/A
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / N/A / Dense / Moderate / N/A / N/A
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Plumose / Simple plumose, sparse / Simple linear / Plumose / Simple linear
Style free or fused / Free / Free or fused at base / Free / Free / Fused at base
Hilum shapes / Oval, oblong, elliptical / Elliptical to narrow elliptical / Punctiform to oval / Elliptical to narrow elliptical / Elliptical
Hilum % of grain length / 20--50% / 10--18% / 10% (0.2 mm) / 17--35% / 13--14%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Hard or soft / Hard / Hard, or soft / Hard
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Lipid / Unknown / Lipid / Lipid
Anther number / 3 / 1, 2 / 2 / 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 1--4.5 / 0.4--1.9 / 0.3--0.4 / 1.1--1.5 / 4--6
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Lanceolate / Lanceolate ovate to slender lanceolate / N/A / Broad lanceolate / N/A
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 2, 3 / 3 / N/A / 3 / N/A
Lodicule lobing / Lobed or entire / Denticulate to lobed / N/A / Lobed / N/A
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / Glabrous / N/A / Glabrous / N/A
Chromosome base number -- x = / 5, 6, 9 / 7 / 7 / 2 / Unknown
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / 10, 12, 18 / 28 / 14 / 4, 8 / Unknown
Appendix 2. Continued.
Cyathopus / Dupontia / Dupontiopsisa / Gaudinopsis / HookerochloaClade / PA-P (1) / PA-P (2) DAD / PA-P (2) DAD / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / PA-P (1)
Geographic Distribution / S Cent. Asia Himalaya / Arctic Russia & North America / Japan / SE Europe SW Asia / Australia
Number of species / 1 / 1 / 1 / 5 / 2
Annual or perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Annual / Perennial
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 1--2% (2--3 mm) / 43% (45 mm) / 20--33% / 3% (1 mm) / 1% (fused 1--few mm)
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Below / Above / Above / Above / Above
Number of florets / 1 / (1) 2 (3, 4) / 2--4 (5) / 3--10 / 3--4
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Absent / Present / Present / Present or absent / Present
Callus hair distribution / N/A / Crown / Crown (or sub-bearded) / Beard / Crown or beard
Callus hair length in mm when present / N/A / 0.5 / 0.5--1 / 0.2--0.3 / 0.3--0.7
Lemma number of nerves / 5 / 3 (5) / 3 (5) / 5 / (3) 5, 7 (9, 11)
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled weakly, slightlycompressed / Keeled, moderately compressed / Keeled, compressed / Rounded, slightly compressed / Keeled, moderately compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent / Absent or present (mucro to short awned) / Absent or present (mucro to short awned) / Present (1 absent) / Absent or present (mucro to short awned)
Lemma awn position / N/A / Apical / Apical / Dimorphic, dorsal & apical, and from lateral veins / Apical or from a minute notch
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth orscabrous, glabrous / Smooth, glabrous or sparse pubescent / Scabrous, glabrous / Scabrous, pectinate-ciliate / Scabrous, glabrous
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / Sparse / N/A / Dense / Dense / Dense
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Unknown / Linear lance, narrow / Plumose / Unknown / Dense plumose
Style free or fused / Free / Free / Free / Free / Free
Hilum shapes / Punctiform / Elliptical, oval / Narrow elliptical / Punctiform / Narrow elliptical
Hilum % of grain length / 10% / 18--27% (0.5--0.6) / 20--25% / 5% / 20--25%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Hard / Hard / Soft / Hard
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Unknown / Unknown / Lipid / Unknown
Anther number / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 0.9 / 1.5--3.5 / (1.8)2.5--3.3 / 1.5--3.5 / 3--5
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Narrow lanceolate / Broad lanceolate / Broad oblanceolate to subflabellate / Lanceolate / Lanceolate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Lodicule lobing / Short lobed / Lateral lobe / 1--2 lateral lobes / Entire / Dents
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous or with 1--4 cilia / Glabrous / Glabrous or usually with a few cilia
Chromosome base number -- x = / Unknown / 7 / 7 / 7 / Unknown
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / Unknown / 42, 44, 84, 88, 105, 126 / 42 / 14 / Unknown
Appendix 2. Continued.
Hyalopoa s.s. / Limnas / Milium / Nephelochloa / NicoraepoaClade / Coleanthinae / PA-P (2) sister to DAD / Miliinae / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / PA-P (1)
Geographic Distribution / S Asia / Far E Asia / Eurasia & E North America / Turkey / S South America
Number of species / 4 / 3 / 5 / 1 / 7
Annual or perennial / Perennial / Perennial / Annual & perennial / Annual / Perennial
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 23--75% / 1--10% / 1--2% (fused at the base for 1--3 mm) / 2% (1 mm) / 3--18%
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above / Below / Below / Above / Above
Number of florets / 2--4 / 1 / 1 / 3--6 / (1) 2, 3 (4)
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present (rarely absent) / Absent (present below the glumes only as prickles) / Absent / Present / Present or absent
Callus hair distribution / Crown / N/A / N/A / Crown / Crown
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.4--2.5 / N/A / N/A / 0.4 / 0.2--4
Lemma number of nerves / 3 (5) / 5 / 5 / 5 / 3, 5
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, moderately compressed / Keeled below awn, compressed / Rounded, not compressed / Rounded, slightly compressed / Keeled or narrowly rounded, compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent / Present / Absent / Absent or present (mucro to short awned) / Absent or present (mucro to short awned)
Lemma awn position / N/A / Dorsal, sub-basal / N/A / Apical, from a notch / Apical, or from a slight notch
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth, glabrous or pubescent / Smooth orscabrous, glabrous / Smooth, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous / Scabrous to coarsely ciliate
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / N/A / Sparse, distal only / N/A / Moderate to dense / Dense
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Plumose / Linear, simple plumose / Not yet evaluated / Not yet evaluated / Plumose
Style free or fused / Free / Fused at base / Free / Free / Free
Hilum shapes / Narrow elliptical, oblong / Elliptical / Linear to oblong / Oval, triangular / Narrow to broad elliptical or round
Hilum % of grain length / 30--40% / 20% / 50--66% / 10% / 13--25% (0.3--1)
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Soft / Hard / Soft / Hard to semisoft
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Lipid / Lipid / Lipid / Lipid
Anther number / 3 (2) / 2 (3) / 3 / 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 1.5--3.5 / 2--2.5 / 1.3--2.3 / 1.5--2.75 / 2--4(staminodes 1.5--3 )
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Lanceolate-broad lanceolate / Lanceolate / Broad oblanceolate / Lanceolate / Oblanceolate to broadly oblanceolate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 3 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 3
Lodicule lobing / Entire, toothed, or short lobed / Short medial lobe / Irregular dents or lobed / Lobed / Lobed or irregularly lobed or dentate
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous / Absent (infrequently 1 orfew cilia)
Chromosome base number -- x = / 7 / 7 / 4,5,7,9 / Unknown / Unknown
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / 42 / 28 / 10, 14, 18, 28 / Unknown / Unknown
Appendix 2. Continued.
Paracolpodium / Parvotrisetum / Phippsia / Phleum / PholiurusClade / Coleanthinae / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / Coleanthinae / Phleinae / PA-P (2) Beckmannia/ Pholiurus
Geographic Distribution / W & Cent. Asia / SE Europe / Circumarctic / Mediterranean Europe & SW Asia / W Eurasia
Number of species / 5 / 1 / 2 / 14 / 1
Annual or perennial / Perennial / Annual / Perennial / Annual & perennial / Annual
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 20--75% / 1--2% (1--2 mm) / 75%+ / Open or fused 1--2% / 2% (1 mm)
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above / Above / Above / Above / Below, spikelets falling from the tough axis
Number of florets / 1 / 2 (3) / 1,2 / 1 / 2
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present / Present / Absent / Absent / Absent
Callus hair distribution / Crown (not differentiated from lemma body hair) / Low crown / N/A / N/A / N/A
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.4--2.5 / 0.1--0.25 / N/A / N/A / N/A
Lemma number of nerves / 3, 5 / 1, 3 (5) / 1, 3 / (1) 3--7 (9) / 3
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, moderately compressed / Rounded, slightly compressed / Keeled, slightly compressed / Keeled slightly to distinctly compressed / Rounded, dorsally compressed or a little convex
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent / Present (2--3mm) / Absent / Absent / Absent
Lemma awn position / N/A / Dorsal, just above 1/2 / N/A / N/A / N/A
Palea keel vestiture / Smooth, glabrous or pubescent / Scabrous, glabrous / Smooth or scabrous, glabrous or pubescent / Smooth orscabrous, glabrous / Scabrous, glabrous
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / N/A / Dense / Sparse / Sparse / Sparse
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Dense plumose, elongate / Simple plumose / Not yet evaluated / Simple linear / Plumose, short
Style free or fused / Free / Free / Free / Fused at base / Free
Hilum shapes / Narrow elliptical / Oval / Oval / Narrow oval, or indistinct / Oval
Hilum % of grain length / 33--66% / 14% / 25% / 20--25% / 10%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Soft / Hard / Hard or soft / Soft
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Unknown / Lipid / Unknown / Lipid / Lipid
Anther number / 2, 3 / 3 / (1) 2 / 3 / 3
Anther length in mm / 1.7--3.5 / 1.25 / 0.4--0.6 / 0.3--2.3 / 1.8--2.5
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Lanceolate / Narrow lanceolate / Not yet evaluated / Narrow lanceolate / Lanceolate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 3 / 2 / 2 / 2, 3 / 3+
Lodicule lobing / Lobed / Lobed, terminally bifurcate / Lobed or entire / Shallow lobed or entire / Entire
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous / Glabrous
Chromosome base number -- x = / 7 / Unknown / 7 / (5)7 / 7
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / 28,42 / Unknown / 28 / 14, 28, 42 / 14
Appendix 2. Continued.
Poa (general) / Pseudophleum / Puccinellia / Rhizocephalus / SaxipoaClade / PA+P (Poa) / PA-P / Coleanthinae / PA-P (2) Alopecurinae / PA-P (1)
Geographic Distribution / Worldwide / Turkey / Worldwide / SW Asia / Australia
Number of species / 530 / 2 / 107 / 1 / 1
Annual or perennial / Annual & perennial / Annual / Annual & perennial / Annual / Perennial
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 5--100% / 2% (1.2 mm) / ?--25 (33)% (always fused at base, but lowest % unknown) / Open (fused at base?) / 0.5--3% (1--3 mm)
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above / Above / Above / Below (Fl TK above, Tz and W&D Below) / Above
Number of florets / (1) 2--5 (10) / 1 / 2--8 / 1 / 2--4
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present or absent / Present / Present or absent / Absent / Absent or present
Callus hair distribution / Web or crown, or diffuse web, rarely 3 webs / Low crown / Low crown / N/A / Few hairs if any, mostly lateral
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.1--4 / 0.1 / 0.1 / N/A / 0.2
Lemma number of nerves / (3) 5 (7, 9, 11) / 5 / 3, 5 / 5 / 5, 7
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled, moderately to strongly compressed (rarely rounded to weakly Keeled, slightly compressed)
/ Keeled, slightly compressed above, round below / Rounded, sometimes keeled above, not or slightly compressed / Rounded, compressed / Keeled, moderately compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent (1 with a short stout mucro) / Mucro / Absent / Mucro / Absent or mucro
Lemma awn position / Apical / Nearly apical / N/A / Apical / Apical
Palea keel vestiture / Scabrous, frequently also pubescent in part (rarely smooth & glabrous, smooth & pubescent, pectinate-ciliate, or solely muriculate) / Scabrous, pectinate-ciliate / Smooth orscabrous, glabrous / Scabrous distally, glabrous / Ciliate
Palea keel prickle density & organization (N/A if smooth or smooth & pubescent) / Sparse to dense / Dense / Dense / Sparse / Dense
Styles simple-linear orplumose(with secondary branching) / Plumose, usually with secondary branching, sometimes sparse / Simple plumose, short / Sparse plumose / Simple linear, elongate, unbranched / Dense plumose
Style free or fused / Free (1 fused at base) / Free / Free / Fused at base / Free
Hilum shapes / Round to narrow elliptical / Round / Oblong to broad elliptical / Round / Broad elliptical
Hilum % of grain length / 10--15% (30%) / 10% / 15--25% / 10% / 15%
Grain hard or soft (including "liquid" in lit.) / Hard / Soft / Hard / Soft / Hard
Grain lipid presence, by stain if hard (Rosengurtt & al., 1972), or by softness / Lipid (in tested spp.) / Lipid / Absent (in tested spp.) / Lipid / Unknown
Anther number / (1, 2) 3 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 3
Anther length in mm / 0.2--4 / 1--1.25 / 0.3--2.5 / 0.5--0.8 / 0.75--1.5
Lodicule shape (N/A if lodicules absent) / Lanceolate to broadly lanceolate (or flabellate) / Narrow lanceolate / Lanceolate / N/A / Broad lanceolate
Lodicule relative size: 1 = vestigial; 2 = 0.4--0.7 mm; 3 =well developed (> 7 mm) / 3 / 3 / 3 / N/A / 3
Lodicule lobing / Lobed, (rarely not lobed) / Entire / Lobed / N/A / Longlobe
Lodicule apex glabrous or ciliate / Glabrous (1 sp. sometimes with 1 or 2 hairs) / Glabrous / Glabrous / N/A / Absent or few cilia
Chromosome base number -- x = / 7 / Unknown / 7 / 7 / Unknown
Chromosome sporophytic count -- 2n = / 14--368 / Unknown / 14, 28, 42, 56, 70+ / 14 / Unknown
Appendix 2. Continued.
Appendix 2. Continued.
Sclerochloa / Simplicia / Sylvipoa / Ventenata / ZingeriaClade / Coleanthinae / PA-P (1) / PA-P (1) / PA-P (2) Bellardiochloa Clade / Coleanthinae
Geographic Distribution / Eurasia / New Zealand / Australia / Mediterranean Europe & SW Asia / SW Asia
Number of species / 2 / 2 / 1 / 3 / 5
Annual or perennial / Annual / Perennial / Perennial / Annual / Annual
Top culm sheath % of length over which the margins are fused / 25--50% / Open or fused up to 3% / Open to base / 1--3% (fused for 1--3 mm at base) / 15%
Spikelet disarticulation above or below glumes, etc. / Above (tardily) & below / Above / Above / Above & below / Above
Number of florets / 3--8 / 1 (2) / 2--4 (7) / 2--4 / 1
Callus hair presence/absent at floret/rachilla junction / Present or absent / Absent / Present / Present (lower absent) / Present or absent
Callus hair distribution / Low crown / N/A / Crown / Beard / Low crown
Callus hair length in mm when present / 0.1 / N/A / 0.2 / 1 / V. short
Lemma number of nerves / 5, 7 / 3 (5) / 5 / 5 / 3
Lemma keel distinctness & compression (lateral unless otherwise stated) / Keeled weakly, slightly compressed / Keeled, strongly compressed / Keeled, strongly compressed / Rounded, slightly compressed / Rounded, not compressed
Lemma awn presence/absence / Absent / Absent or mucro / Absent / Present / Absent
Lemma awn position / N/A / Apical / N/A / Dimorphic, dorsal & apical, and from lateral veins / N/A