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/ Erosion Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUBs):Integrating Methods and Techniques
edited by Dirk H. de Boer, Wojciech Froehlich,
Takahisa Mizuyama & Alain Pietroniro
IAHS Publication 279(December 2003) ISBN 1-901502-22-8; 250 + xii pp.Price £46.50
Abstracts of the papers in this volume can be seen at

with information about other IAHS publications and activities / Human impact on runoff and erosion is increasing worldwide because of growing pressure to develop land and water resources. However, in many parts of the world runoff and erosion rates are not monitored, precluding an accurate assessment of human impact and sustainable practices. The objective of IAHS Symposium held at Sapporo, Japan, in July 2003, was to review recent developments in a wide range of methods and techniques that can be used to characterize runoff and erosion in ungauged basins, and to evaluate how to integrate the information obtained using remote sensing, GIS, modelling and other methods into a coherent view of the ungauged basin. This collection of 28 contibutions thus provides an up-to-date overview of work worldwide in this field.
It is arranged in four sections:
–Field-based studies—current conditions
–Field-based studies—historical perspectives
–Empirical and physically-based models
–Integrating models, GIS, and remote sensing
and includes case studies from geomorphic environments as diverse as Greenland and Indonesia. The contents are listed overleaf.

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Erosion Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUBs):Integrating Methods and Techniques

Publ. 279Contents

1 Field-based Studies—Current Conditions

Use of reconnaissance measurements to establish catchment sediment budgets:
a Zambian example D. E. Walling,
A. L. Collins, H. M. Sichingabula &
G. J. L. Leeks

Erosion prediction in ungauged glacierized basins Jim Bogen & Truls E. Bønsnes

Soil erosion in the republic of moldova—the importance of institutional arrangements
Wolfgang Summer & Wolfgang Diernhofer

2 Field-based Studies—Historical Perspectives

Identification of sources of sediment to Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam), southeast Queensland, Australia Grant Douglas, Phillip Ford, Gary Jones & Mark Palmer

Chronology of alluvial sediment using the date of production of buried refuse: a case study in an ungauged river in central Japan
Yoshimasa Kurashige, Hajime Kibayashi & Goro Nakajima

Sediment yield estimation and check dams in a semiarid area (Sierra de Gádor, southern Spain) Wenceslao Martín-Rosales,
Antonio Pulido-Bosch, Juan Gisbert & Angela Vallejos

Reconstructing upland sediment budgets in ungauged catchments from reservoir sedimentation and rainfall records calibrated using short-term streamflow monitoring
Victoria Holliday, David Higgitt,
Jeff Warburton & Sue White

Estimation of erosion and sediment outflow in the recent past Takahisa Mizuyama, Akitsu Kimoto, Yuji Yasuda,
Yasuo Tomomatsu, Masaru Touhei & Masaharu Fujita

3 Empirical and Physically-based
Models

Mathematical model for predicting soil erosion by flowing water in ungauged watersheds U. C. Sharma & Vikas Sharma

Method for estimation of the delivery of sediments and solutes from Greenland
to the ocean Bent Hasholt

A distributed model for estimating erosion and deposition of sediment in the Yellow River basin Z. X. Xu, K. Takeuchi,
H. Ishidaira & C. M. Liu

Physically-based mathematical formulation for hillslope scale prediction of erosion in ungauged basins Hafzullah Aksoy,
M. Levent Kavvas & Jaeyoung Yoon

Evaluation of an erosion simulation model in a semiarid region of Brazil
Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan, Ricardo de Aragão, Koichi Suzuki & Masahiro Watanabe

Application of a process-based model as a predictive tool for erosion loss in ungauged basins Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos, Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan &
Carlos de Oliveira Galvão

Application of the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model for sediment yield and nutrient loss prediction in the Dumpul sub-watershed, Central Java, Indonesia Sutopo Purwo Nugroho

Reliability evaluation of rainfall–sediment–runoff models Takahiro Sayama,
Kaoru Takara & YasutoTachikawa

4 Integrating Models, GIS, and Remote Sensing

Hydrological modelling of imperfectly gauged basins: a new challenge
Xia Jun, Tan Ge, Li Xin & Zhu Yizhong

Calibrating the SEDD model for Sicilian ungauged basins Vito Ferro, C. Di Stefano, Mario Minacapilli & Mario Santoro

Effects of land-use change on runoff response in the ungauged Ta-Chou basin, Taiwan Pao-Shan Yu, Yu-Chi Wang & Chun-Chao Kuo

Development of an interactive embeddable Geographic Information System (E-GIS) for soil erosion prediction Ahmad Munir & Muh. Nurdin Abdullah

Land-use based GIS-modelling for sedimentation reduction at Bili-Bili Dam, Indonesia Muh. Nurdin Abdullah,
Ahmad Munir & Syamsul Arifin Lyas

Assessment of gully erosion process dynamics for water resources management in a semiarid catchment of Swaziland,Southern Africa Michael Märker &
Aleksey Sidorchuk

Predicting road erosion rates in selectively logged tropical rain forests
Ian Douglas

Construction of sediment budgets in large scale drainage basins: the case of the upper IndusRiver Khawaja Faran Ali &
Dirk H. De Boer

First-order analysis of overland flow buffering in an ungauged fragmented upland basin Alan D. Ziegler &
Thomas W. Giambelluca

Applicability of the Gavrilović method in erosion calculation using spatial data manipulation techniques Lidija Globevnik, Danko Holjević, Gregor Petkovšek &
Josip Rubinić

Quantitative estimation of degradation in the Aliakmon River basin using GIS
Dimitrios A. Emmanouloudis,
Odysseas P. Christou &
Evangelos I. Filippidis

Spaceborne radar interferometry: a promising tool for hydrological analysis in mountain alluvial fan environments
F. Catani, P. Farina, S. Moretti & G. Nico

Related Publications in the Same Series

The Structure,Function and Management Implications of Fluvial Sedimentary Systems

edited by F. J. Dyer, M. C. Thoms & J. M. Olley

The proceedings volume of a symposium held at Alice Springs, Australia, as a contribution to UNESCO IHP-V Project 2.1: Vegetation, Land Use and Erosion. The papers cover a range of topics pertaining to fluvial sedimentary systems, recognizing their role and the way in which they are managed for the health of riverine systems. Balancing the needs of humans with those of riverine ecosystems requires information as to how fluvial sedimentary systems impact on riverine ecology. Flood plains have a crucial role as temporary storages of water, sediment and nutrients; any ecological management needs to address this.

Publ. 276 (2002) ISBN 1-901502-96-1;484 + xii pp.; £72.00

The Role of Erosion and Sediment Transport in Nutrient and Contaminant Transfer

edited by M. Stone

Increasing awareness of the effects of sediment-associated chemical transfer on water quality and ecosystem health has raised concern globally for the sustainable use of water resources worldwide. The rates and magnitudes of nutrient and contaminant transfer vary in space and time according to the nature of erosion processes, sediment sources and conveyance, and in-stream processes. Information regarding the spatial and temporal variation of sediment sources as well as sediment

properties and environmental factors affecting transport processes, is required for modelling of sediment-associated nutrient and contaminant transfer to enable planning and management for the sustainable use of water resources.

Publ. 263 (2000) ISBN 1-901502-26-0; 308 + xii pp.; £48.00

The Hydrology–Geomorphology Interface:
Rainfall, Floods, Sedimentation, Land Use

edited by Marwan A. Hassan, Olav Slaymaker & Simon M. Berkowicz

This book reflects the complex functioning of the drainage basin sediment cascade and follows the flux of water and sediment from source to sink. Fluvial geomorphology and related processes in arid areas are a particular focus. The 20 chapters derive from a conference at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, on the theme of drainage basin processes and morphology. The rainfall input to arid geomorphic systems is considered in detail; understanding its temporal and spatial distribution is a prerequisite of successful rainfall–runoff modelling. Modelling and erosion studies in the Negev (Israel), Australia, Slovakia and the USA are reported. The geomorphic effectiveness of high magnitude events, e.g. tropical storms in BajaCalifornia, USA and India, are considered. Four chapters provide information about the functioning of drainage basins obtained from lacustrine sedimentary evidence.

Financial sponsorship for this publication was provided by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Publ. 261 (2000)ISBN 1-901502-16-3; 326 + x pp.; £49.00

Contents

Preface by Dirk de Boer, Wojciech Froehlich, Takahisa Mizuyama & Alain Pietroniro

/ v
1 /

Field-based Studies—Current Conditions

Use of reconnaissance measurements to establish catchment sediment budgets:
a Zambian example
D. E. Walling, A. L. Collins, H. M. Sichingabula & G. J. L. Leeks / 3
Erosion prediction in ungauged glacierized basins
Jim Bogen & Truls E. Bønsnes / 13
Soil erosion in the republic of moldova—the importance of institutional arrangements
Wolfgang Summer & Wolfgang Diernhofer / 24
2 /

Field-based Studies—Historical Perspectives

Identification of sources of sediment to LakeSamsonvale (North Pine Dam), southeast Queensland,Australia
Grant Douglas, Phillip Ford, Gary Jones & Mark Palmer / 33
Chronology of alluvial sediment using the date of production of buried refuse: a case study in an ungauged river in central Japan
Yoshimasa Kurashige, Hajime KibayashiGoro Nakajima / 43
Sediment yield estimation and check dams in a semiarid area (Sierra de Gádor, southern Spain)
Wenceslao Martín-Rosales, Antonio Pulido-Bosch, Juan Gisbert & Angela Vallejos / 51
Reconstructing upland sediment budgets in ungauged catchments from reservoir sedimentation and rainfall records calibrated using short-term streamflow monitoring
Victoria Holliday, David Higgitt, Jeff Warburton& Sue White / 59
Estimation of erosion and sediment outflow in the recent past
Takahisa Mizuyama, Akitsu Kimoto, Yuji Yasuda, Yasuo Tomomatsu, Masaru Touhei & Masaharu Fujita / 68
3 /

Empirical and Physically-based Models

Mathematical model for predicting soil erosion by flowing water in ungauged watersheds
U. C. Sharma & Vikas Sharma / 79
Method for estimation of the delivery of sediments and solutes from Greenland
to the ocean
Bent Hasholt / 84
A distributed model for estimating erosion and deposition of sediment in the Yellow River basin
Z. X. Xu, K. Takeuchi, H. Ishidaira & C. M. Liu / 93
Physically-based mathematical formulation for hillslope scale prediction of erosion in ungauged basins
Hafzullah Aksoy, M. Levent Kavvas & Jaeyoung Yoon / 101
Evaluation of an erosion simulation model in a semiarid region of Brazil Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan, Ricardo de Aragão, Koichi Suzuki & Masahiro Watanabe / 109
Application of a process-based model as a predictive tool for erosion loss in ungauged basins
Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos, Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan &
Carlos de Oliveira Galvão / 117
Application of the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model for sediment yield and nutrient loss prediction in the Dumpul sub-watershed,
Central Java, Indonesia
Sutopo Purwo Nugroho / 125
Reliability evaluation of rainfall–sediment–runoff models
Takahiro Sayama, Kaoru Takara & Yasuto Tachikawa / 131
4 /

Integrating Models, GIS, and Remote Sensing

Hydrological modelling of imperfectly gauged basins: a new challenge
Xia Jun, Tan Ge,Li Xin & Zhu Yizhong / 145
Calibrating the SEDD model for Sicilian ungauged basins
Vito Ferro, Costanza Di Stefano, Mario Minacapilli & Mario Santoro / 151
Effects of land-use change on runoff response in the ungauged Ta-Chou basin, Taiwan
Pao-Shan Yu, Yu-Chi Wang & Chun-Chao Kuo / 162
Development of an interactive embeddable Geographic Information System
(E-GIS) for soil erosion prediction
Ahmad Munir & Muh. Nurdin Abdullah / 171
Land-use based GIS-modelling for sedimentation reduction at Bili-Bili Dam, Indonesia
Muh. Nurdin Abdullah, Ahmad Munir & Syamsul Arifin Lyas / 180
Assessment of gully erosion process dynamics for water resources management in a semiarid catchment of Swaziland (Southern Africa)
Michael Märker & Aleksey Sidorchuk / 188
Predicting road erosion rates in selectively logged tropical rain forests
Ian Douglas / 199
Construction of sediment budgets in large scale drainage basins: the case of the upper IndusRiver
Khawaja Faran Ali & Dirk H. De Boer / 206
First-order analysis of overland flow buffering in an ungauged fragmented upland basin
Alan D. Ziegler & Thomas W. Giambelluca / 216
Applicability of the Gavrilović method in erosion calculation using spatial data manipulation techniques
Lidija Globevnik, Danko Holjević, Gregor Petkovšek & Josip Rubinić / 224
Quantitative estimation of degradation in the Aliakmon River basin using GIS Dimitrios A. Emmanouloudis, Odysseas P. Christou & Evangelos I. Filippidis / 234
Spaceborne radar interferometry: a promising tool for hydrological analysis in mountain alluvial fan environments
F. Catani, P. Farina, S. Moretti & G. Nico / 241
Key word index / 249

Preface

This book contains 28 papers that resulted from the IAHS Symposium entitled: Erosion Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB): Integrating Methods and Techniques The symposium was part of the XXIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and took place 8–9 July 2003, in Sapporo, Japan. The objective of the two-day symposium was to review recent progress in the development of methods for predicting erosion in ungauged basins. In many parts of the world, erosion rates and sediment yields are not, or only poorly, monitored. This problem is particularly evident in developing countries, where this information is most urgently required. In addition, a lack of historical and current information in many basins prevents the evaluation and prediction of changes in process rates in the future.

The symposium was convened as a contribution to the Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB) initiative of IAHS. The goal of PUB is the prediction of flow, sediment and water quality variables at multiple scales. In PUB, prediction is not based on the availability of measured data. The absence of data precludes tuning or calibrating predictive models, and PUB hence requires the development of new predictive approaches based on a deep understanding of hydrological functioning at multiple space–time scales. The symposium brought together scientists from around the world, who have used different approaches to address the sediment-related aspects of the PUB problem.

During the symposium, the presenters described a wide variety of approaches to predicting erosion in ungauged basins. In this book, the papers are arranged into four sections that each emphasize a particular approach. The first two sections are comprised of papers that emphasize field studies. The first of these is entitled Field-based Studies—Current Conditions, and the three papers in this section focus on the estimation of current process rates. In the second section, Field-based Studies—Historical Perspectives, five papers describe studies aimed at evaluating erosion rates in the recent past to provide a long-term point of view.

From the papers in the first two sections of the book, the following general themes become apparent:

(a) Isotopes such as Cs-137 and Pb-210 can play an important role in the reconstruction of the erosional record, as they allow dating of sediment and, in the case of caesium, can be used to trace topsoil as it moves through the drainage basin.

(b) Reconnaissance studies using these tracers are a useful tool to establish preliminary sediment budgets in regions where sediment data are scarce or absent. If necessary, this approach can then be used to decide where more detailed monitoring will be most effective.

(c) Studying the sediment deposited in valleys and in reservoirs and lakes is an important tool for estimating sediment yields in areas where the monitoring network is sparse or absent, and for extending the process record to the past. Combining such studies with contemporary process observations can be very effective for estimating how erosion rates and sediment yields have responded to changes in land use, climate, and other controlling factors.

(d) There is a need for techniques that can be used to determine the individual contributions of multiple sources to the sediment mix accumulated in reservoirs and lakes.

Many of the papers presented at the symposium featured models, ranging from regression models to physically-based, distributed models. The book’s third section, Empirical and Physically-Based Models, contains eight papers that describe various models of erosion at a variety of scales, ranging from a single plot to part of a continent. The modelling approach is further expanded in the fourth section, Integrating Models, GIS, and Remote Sensing, which is comprised of twelve papers that address the use of GIS and remote sensing to parameterize erosional models at the drainage basin scale.

The following modelling-related themes emerge from these papers:

(a) The use of a GIS for processing spatial information on elevation, surface material characteristics, climate, vegetation, land-use and other variables data is a well-established approach when modelling erosion in large drainage basins.

(b) Dividing a drainage basin into sections that are homogeneous in terms of erosional response is an effective and practical method for handling the spatial variation in the controlling factors. Such homogeneous sections have been called “erosion response units” (ERUs, see Märker & Sidorchuk, this volume), and are analogous to the hydrological response units (HRUs) that are widely used in flood modelling. Much research, however, needs to be carried out to investigate topics such as the optimal size of ERUs in relation to the drainage area, and the impact of variability within the ERU on erosion rates and sediment yield.