The Islamic Empire
I. OVERVIEW OF ISLAM
A. Around the year ______, a new monotheistic religion called Islam began
1.Islam was founded by the Prophet ______in the Arabian city of ______
2. After the ______to the city of ______, Muhammad gained Muslim converts and returned to Mecca, ______the city
B. Muslims believe in the FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM:
1. ______: belief in one God, Allah, and the Prophet Muhammad
2. ______: 5 times per day towards Mecca
3. ______: 2.5% to charity
4. ______: During the month of Ramadan
5. ______: Pilgrimage to Mecca
II. THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
A. ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD: THE “RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS”
1. When Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community elected a new leader called a ______(successor)
2. The first four caliphs all knew Muhammad and promised to stay true to the ______and Muhammad’s message; they became known as the “______”
3. The first caliph was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law, ______; his goal was to keep Muslims under his government (the “______”)
a. He used ______to control and expand the Islamic Empire
4. The empire ______under the next caliphs
a. During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire ______“Dar-al-Islam” (the areas where Islam is ______)
b. The caliphate neverforcednon-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book” (Jews and Christians); they allowed ______as long as ______were paid to the Empire
c. The caliphs used the ______(laws of Islam) to govern the Empire
B. THE UMAYYAD EMPIRE
1. After the death of the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, a ______for control of the Empire began
a. The clan that came to power started the ______
b. The rise of Umayyads led to a ______in Islam
2. THE SUNNI-SHI’A SPLIT
a. Before the Umayyads, ______were elected members of Muhammad’s ______
b. SHI’A MUSLIMS
i. ______Muslims ______the rule of the Umayyads
ii. The Shi’a believe that caliphs must come directly from ______
c. SUNNI MUSLIMS
i. ______Muslims ______the rule of the Umayyads
ii. The Sunni believe that caliphs should follow ______,but do not have to be relatives
3. The Umayyads expanded the Empire,which brought ______and new Islamic ______
C. THE ABBASID EMPIRE
1. In 750, the Umayyad Empire was ______by the Abbasids
2. Under the ______,the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest extent; the Abbasids’ rule over the ______lasted from 750 to 1258
a. The Abbasid caliphate built a strong ______bureaucracy to rule the Empire
b. Muslim ______expanded the Empire’s wealth by ______across Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea
c. Wealth from trade led to a “______”,a time of great Muslim ______in science, mathematics, medicine, and architecture
Monotheism Chart
Judaism / Christianity / IslamWhat is the major belief about God?
Who was the founder or an important prophet?
What is their holy book or text?
How do they view the afterlife?
What rules help guide people in their lives?
Do they accept or reject Jesus?
Do they accept or reject Muhammad?
Where did the religion begin?
What symbol that best describes the religion?