Dynamic Earth Unit 3 Test Study Guide
What happens to the crust when large amounts of sediment are deposited in a short amount of time?
Uplift or rising of the regions of the crust to higher elevations
What physical change takes place when igneous rock changes to sedimentary rock?
Weathering
What part of the rock cycle helps form igneous rock but not other types of rock?
Melting
What part of the rock cycle helps form sedimentary rock but not other types of rock?
Erosion
How does acid rain affect different types of rock?
Acid rain can cause increased weathering.
Define uplift
Uplift is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations.
Define weathering
Weathering is the process by which water, wind, ice and changes in temperature break down rock.
Define subsidence
Subsidence is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevations.
How did the sedimentary rock in the Grand Canyon form?
By sand and other materials being deposited and hardening over time
What happens to basalt or any other rock over time?
It will become weathered or broken down over time.
Define deposition
Deposition is the process by which sediment comes to rest.
How does metamorphic rock change to sedimentary rock?
Weathering, erosion of sediments, compaction and cementation
What change of state happens when magma turns into igneous rock?
A change of state from liquid to solid
Which cause more weathering acid rain or normal rain?
Acid rain
What causes rocks in a river to erode?
Flowing water
What is a rift zone?
Area where a deep set of cracks formwhen two tectonic plates move away from each other
Where does foliated metamorphic rock form?
Foliated metamorphic rock forms within Earth’s crust with exposure to intense temperature and pressure.
What condition changes the rock that is deep below the crust of the Earth?
High pressure
What is clasticsedimentary rock and where does it form?
Clastic sedimentary rock forms when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together by calciteor
quartz as a river slows down to form a delta.
What describes the rock that will eventually form at the surface after a volcano erupts?
Extrusive igneous rock
How does basalt form and what class of rock does it belong to?
Basalt forms when lava cools and it is an extrusive igneous rock.
How does granite form and what class of rock does it belong to?
Granite forms when magma cools and it is an intrusive igneous rock.
Define cementation
The process in which sediments are compacted together to form sedimentary rock
What do conglomerate, sandstone and, siltstone have in common?
They are all clastic sedimentary rock
What is texture in relation to rocks? Give examples.
Texture describes the size, shape and position of grains in rock. Examples: foliated & nonfoliated
What effect does the rate at which magma cools have on the texture of igneous rocks?
The faster the magma cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock will be
What is a direct source of material in the formation of metamorphic rock?
Existing rock
What is one difference between a mineral and a rock?
Rock can be made of non-crystalline material, but minerals are always made of crystals
What type of rock is classified as chemical, clastic and organic?
Sedimentary rock
What are clasts?
All the sediments that make up sedimentary rock
Define lava
Lava is magma that erupts onto Earth’s surface
Define magma
Molten rock produced beneath Earth’s surface
How can a rock’s texture give clues to its origin?
Sedimentary rock such as conglomerate is made up of rounded clasts cemented together
What are some examples of texture?
Fine, medium, and course grained, and foliated and nonfoliated
What type of change takes place when granite turns to gneiss?
Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock
What do basalt and granite have in common?
They are both igneous rock
What type of rock is made when layers of material become compressed?
Sedimentary rock
What is the rock cycle?
What is the rock cycle?
Series of processes in which rock changes from one type to another