Topic 5 – Review Book
Energy in Earth Processes
Define the Vocabulary
1. condensation______
2. conduction ______
______
3. convection ______
______
4. electromagnetic energy ______
______
5. electromagnetic spectrum ______
______
6. energy ______
______
7. heat energy ______
______
8. specific heat ______
______
9. temperature ______
______
10. vaporization ______
______
Answer the following questions based on the reading:
Electromagnetic Energy
1. Why are visible light waves important to humans? ______
______
2. Figure 5-1. How would you describe how transverse waves move? ______
______
Characteristics and Types of Electromagnetic Energy
3. Electromagnetic Energy (EME) is separated into 2 groups. Reread the last part of the second paragraph and describe how they separate long-wave from short wave radiation. ______
Interactions between EME and an Environment
4. When EME comes in contact with material the waves may be (define)
refracted – ______
reflected – ______
scattered- ______
transmitted – ______
absorbed – ______
Surface Properties and Absorption
5. Dark and rough (circle one: absorb or reflect) energy and light and smooth (circle one: absorb or reflect) energy.
Transfer of Energy Figure 5-3
Methods of Energy Transfer
6. Why is conduction the most effective way to transfer energy in a solid?
______
______
7. Why do the warmer portions of a fluid rise above the cooler portions? __
______
8. Look at Figure 5-3. How would you describe “the source” and “the sink” in terms of temperature? ______
______
b. Look at Figure 5-4. The arrows describe the movement of the fluid in a convection cell or current. Explain what the arrows show – use the words cooler, warmer, less dense, more dense, rises, sinks in your explanation. ___
______
9. The sun transfers energy through space by transverse electromagnetic waves (aka radiation). “No medium is needed to transfer” means that radiation doesn’t require solids, liquids or gas particles to move the energy. Space is empty so explain why radiation is very important for anyone living on Earth. ______
______
Transformation of Energy
Specific Heat
10. Heat energy is measured in joules (a metric unit of energy or work). Read the first couple of sentences in the 1st paragraph. Explain why a typical rock will heat up faster than water. ______
______
11. Reread the last sentence in the paragraph, what does specific heat mean in simple terms?______
______
12. Reread the 2nd paragraph. Water has the highest specific heat of any naturally occurring substance. How does that affect the “other” substances?______
______
13. In the back of your review book on page A-3 is the front cover of the ESRT. On the front cover is the specific heat of common substances. If lead has the lowest specific heat, what does that mean in terms of heating up and cooling down?______
______
Heat Energy and Change of State
Types of Change of State, figure 5-6
14. What is solidification? ______
______
15. Look at figure 5-6 and complete the following sentences.
When water changes state from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas, water ______stored energy. (potential energy)
What water changes state from a gas, to a liquid, to a solid, water ______
stored energy. (potential energy)
Stored Heat Changes, figure 5-7
16. Usually when heat is added to material its temperature rises, but when water is in the process of changing state its temperature stays constant. It is converting that energy into potential or stored energy.
On page A-3, the front cover of the ESRT, there is a box with the properties of water. How much heat energy is gained during vaporization? Answer should be in joules/gram.
______
Earth’s Energy Supply
Solar Energy
Earth’s Own Energy
Some of the energy for earth’s processes comes from earth’s own interior but most of the energy Earth needs comes from the sun.
Read the two paragraphs and look at Figure 5-8 and 5-9 showing nuclear fusion and nuclear decay. You should be very familiar with nuclear fusion in stars but nuclear decay aka radioactive decay also releases large amounts of energy in earth’s interior.