ALCOHOL 2006 <882>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006111413
Authors Janak P.H. Wolf F.W. Heberlein U. Pandey S.C. Logrip M.L. Ron D.
Institution
(Ron) Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF, 5858 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States.
(Janak, Heberlein, Ron) Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Pandey) Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.
(Pandey) Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
(Janak, Wolf, Heberlein, Ron) Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
(Wolf) Department of Anatomy, Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Big news in alcohol addiction: New findings on growth factor pathways BDNF, insulin, and GDNF.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(2)(pp 214-221), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb 2006.
Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that growth factors are not only critical for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) but may also be important contributors to other neuronal functions in the adult brain. This symposium, presented at the 2005 RSA meeting, discussed evidence to support the hypothesis that alterations in growth factor pathways produce dramatic changes in the effects of alcohol on the CNS. The 4 speakers showed that the behavioral effects of alcohol in the adult are regulated by 3 growth factors, insulin, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dr. Wolf from the Heberlein laboratory presented findings obtained from genetic manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster, demonstrating that the insulin pathway controls sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of alcohol. Marian Logrip from the Ron and Janak laboratories presented evidence obtained in rodents that low concentrations of alcohol increase the expression of BDNF in the brain to regulate alcohol consumption. Dr. Pandey showed that amygdalar BDNF regulates alcohol's anxiolytic effects and preference. Finally, Dr. Janak presented evidence that increases in the expression of GDNF in the midbrain reduce alcohol self-administration in rats. Copyright copyright 2006 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 30
Issue Part 2
Page 214-221
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Feb 2006
ALCOHOL 2006 <883>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006111412
Authors Hodge C.W. Grant K.A. Becker H.C. Besheer J. Crissman A.M. Platt D.M. Shannon E.E. Shelton K.L.
Institution
(Hodge) Department of Psychiatry and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine CB#7178, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-5679, United States.
(Hodge, Besheer) Department of Psychiatry and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
(Grant, Shannon) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
(Crissman) Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
(Platt) New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, United States.
(Shelton) Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Understanding how the brain perceives alcohol: Neurobiological basis of ethanol discrimination.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(2)(pp 203-213), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb 2006.
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that regulate how the brain perceives the intoxicating effects of alcohol is highly relevant to understanding the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. The basis for the subjective effects of intoxication can be studied in drug discrimination procedures in which animals are trained to differentiate the presence of internal stimulus effects of a given dose of ethanol (EtOH) from its absence. Research on the discriminative stimulus effects of psychoactive drugs has shown that these effects are mediated by specific receptor systems. In the case of alcohol, action mediated through ionotropic glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonergic receptors concurrently produce complex, or multiple, basis for the discriminative stimulus effects of EtOH. These receptor systems may contribute differentially to the discriminative stimulus effects of EtOH based on the EtOH dose, species differences, physiological states, and genetic composition of the individual. An understanding of the receptor mechanisms that mediate the discriminative stimulus effects of EtOH can be used to develop medications aimed at decreasing the subjective effects associated with repeated intoxication. The goal of this symposium was to present an overview of recent findings that highlight the neurobiological mechanisms of EtOH's subjective effects and to suggest the relevance of these discoveries to both basic and clinical alcohol research. Copyright copyright 2006 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 30
Issue Part 2
Page 203-213
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Feb 2006
ALCOHOL 2006 <889>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110482
Authors Karlamangla A. Zhou K. Reuben D. Greendale G. Moore A.
Institution
(Karlamangla, Zhou, Reuben, Greendale, Moore) Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
(Karlamangla) UCLA Geriatrics, 10945 Le Conte # 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1687, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Longitudinal trajectories of heavy drinking in adults in the United States of America.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 91-99), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To estimate age, period, cohort and other demographic influences on heavy alcohol consumption and trajectories of heavy drinking in American adults. Design: Prospective cohort of 14 127 participants, aged 25-74 years at baseline. Generalized estimating equations to model longitudinal change in the probability of heavy drinking and its association with demographic factors. Setting: National, population-based sample of non-institutionalized civilians. Measurements: Heavy alcohol consumption (usual number of drinks per occasion [greater-than or equal to]five for men; [greater-than or equal to]four for women) at baseline (1971-74) and three follow-ups until 1992. Findings: Heavy alcohol consumption declined with increasing age (age effect) and tracked national average consumption (period effect). There was no cohort effect. Higher probability of heavy drinking was associated with male gender (relative risk: RR = 2.4), being not married (RR = 1.4), having less than high school education (RR = 1.7), having annual income below the median (RR = 1.5), not living in the South-east (RR = 1.7), and smoking (RR = 3.4). Getting married and quitting smoking during the study were each associated with reduction in heavy drinking (RR = 0.55 and 0.61, respectively). Slower age-related decline in the probability of heavy drinking was seen in men (P < 0.0001), married individuals (P = 0.03), and smokers (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Demographic predictors of trends in heavy drinking are different from those for trends in average alcohol consumption. The likelihood of heavy drinking declined more slowly with increasing age in men and smokers, suggesting that the negative health effects of alcohol in older ages may be greatest in these groups. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 1
Page 91-99
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
ALCOHOL 2006 <890>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110481
Authors Rossow I. Romelsjo A.
Institution
(Rossow) Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway.
(Romelsjo) Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Romelsjo) Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Rossow) Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, POB 565 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, Norway.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The extent of the 'prevention paradox' in alcohol problems as a function of population drinking patterns.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 84-90), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To assess to what extent use of various criteria for high-risk groups and analyses from subpopulations with different drinking patterns may affect the extent of the prevention paradox (that most alcohol-related harm in populations arises within the drinkers at low risk). Data sets: Two national surveys of Norwegian adult samples (n = 4321 current drinkers) and one register linkage of Swedish armed forces conscripts (n = 45 839 current drinkers) with in-patient hospital data. Measures: High-risk groups were categorized as the upper 10% of drinkers by annual alcohol intake or by intoxication frequency. Acute alcohol-related harms comprised number of quarrels and fights in the Norwegian surveys and number of hospital admissions for attempted suicide and violent injuries over a follow-up period (3 and 25 years) in the Swedish conscript study. Results: The majority of acute alcohol problems were found among the majority of drinkers with low or moderate risk (the lower 90%) by drinking volume, suggesting empirical support for the prevention paradox. By applying frequency of intoxication rather than annual volume of consumption to determine the high-risk group, a somewhat larger proportion of acute alcohol-related harms was found within the high-risk group, and the number of alcohol-related harms tended to be distributed more evenly between high-risk drinkers and other drinkers. The proportion of alcohol-related harms within the risk groups was significantly lower in the younger age group, where the majority drinks to intoxication compared with other drinkers. Conclusion: The extent of the prevention paradox with respect to acute alcohol problems may be more prominent in drinking in subpopulations where intoxication is a common part of the drinking pattern compared with those where intoxication occurs less frequently and among a smaller fraction of the drinkers. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 1
Page 84-90
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
ALCOHOL 2006 <892>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110479
Authors Orford J. Hodgson R. Copello A. John B. Smith M. Black R. Fryer K. Handforth L. Alwyn T. Kerr C. Thistlethwaite G. Slegg G.
Institution
(Orford, Copello) School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Trust, Birmingham,
(Hodgson) Alcohol Education and Research Council, London,
(John) School of Health and Social Science, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff,
(Smith) Division of Clinical Psychology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester,
(Black) Psychological Therapies Service, Stroud, Gloucester,
(Fryer) Sheffield Institute for Studies on Ageing, Sheffield University, Sheffield,
(Handforth, Thistlethwaite) Leeds Addiction Unit, Leeds Mental Health NHS Trust, Leeds,
(Alwyn) Centre for Psychology, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff,
(Kerr) Department of Primary Care and Population Services, University College London, London,
(Slegg) North Wales Section of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, University of Wales, Bangor,
(Orford) Alcohol, Drugs, Gambling and Addiction Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The clients' perspective on change during treatment for an alcohol problem: Qualitative analysis of follow-up interviews in the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 60-68), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aim: To develop a model of change during and following professional treatment for drinking problems, grounded in clients' accounts. Participants: Subsets of consecutively selected clients of the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT), followed-up at 3 months (n = 211) and 12 months (n = 198) after randomization. Location: Five statutory and non-statutory alcohol problems treatment agencies in three areas of England and Wales. Data: Open-ended interviews conducted according to a brief interview guide, leading to 400-800-word post-interview reports used for analysis (tape-recordings used for auditing purposes). Analysis: Reports analysed by a team according to grounded theory principles, involving an iterative process with successive refinement of interviewing and analysis with each successive batch of data. Findings: A model of change from the clients' perspective was developed. Treatment was seen by clients as facilitating various changes in ways of thinking and/or increased support of various kinds from family and friends, along with new ways of acting in relation to drinking or more generally. For many those changes had led to an appreciation of the benefits accruing to them. Treatment was seen as part of a broader treatment system which included pretreatment assessment, forms of help additional to the trial treatment, plus an element of self-directed change during and following treatment. Taken with awareness of worsening alcohol-related harms, triggering events and external influence to seek treatment (the catalyst system), to which clients continued to refer following treatment, the change process is depicted as a complex, ongoing set of systems in which a trial treatment is embedded. Conclusions: Models of change should be broadened so that treatment is seen as a complex system of parts, facilitating a nexus of cognitive, social and behavioural changes, embedded within a broader system of events and processes catalysing change. Such a model helps explain the relative absence of between-treatments outcome differences in UKATT and in the alcohol problems treatment and more general psychotherapy research literatures. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 1
Page 60-68
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
ALCOHOL 2006 <893>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110478
Authors Dom G. D'Haene P. Hulstijn W. Sabbe B.
Institution
(Dom, D'Haene) Psychiatric Centre Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium.
(Hulstijn, Sabbe) Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (NICI), Nijmegen, Netherlands.
(Dom) Provinciesteenweg 408, 2530 Boechout, Belgium.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Impulsivity in abstinent early- and late-onset alcoholics: Differences in self-report measures and a discounting task.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 50-59), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To test the hypothesis that early-onset alcoholics (EOAs) can be differentiated from late-onset alcoholics (LOAs) by more severe substance-related problems and higher levels of impulsivity and aggression. Design and measurements: A cross-sectional patient survey with a community comparison group. The European Addiction Severity Index was used to assess substance-related problems and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Dutch version of the Zuckermann Sensation Seeking Scale and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory were used to assess impulsive and aggressive traits. Impulsive decision making was assessed using a delay discounting task (DDT) with hypothetical monetary rewards. Participants and setting: Participants were EOAs (n = 42) and LOAs (n = 46) recruited from an addiction treatment centre and an unmatched, non-substance-abusing comparison group (n = 54). Findings: The EOAs had higher levels of impulsive decision making than both the LOAs and the comparison group. The EOAs had higher scores than the LOAs on measures of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and the severity of substance-related problems. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that EOAs are more impulsive and aggressive than LOAs. Further identification of alcoholism subtypes based on dimensions of impulsivity should be considered in the light of their relationship with pharmacological and behavioural treatment interventions. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.