Types of Matter
The Lesson Activities will help you meet these educational goals:
· Science Inquiry—You will experiment with chromatography to see how it can be used for separating a complex mixture into its components.
· 21st Century Skills—You will employ online tools for research and analysis.
Directions
You will evaluate some of these activities yourself, and your teacher may evaluate others. Please save this document before beginning the lesson and keep the document open for reference during the lesson. Type your answers directly in this document for all activities.
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Self-Checked Activities
Read the instructions for the following activities and type in your responses. At the end of the lesson, click the link on the Summary screen to open the Student Answer Sheet. Use the answers or sample responses to evaluate your own work.
1. States of Matter
When water is subjected to increase or decrease in temperature, the molecular motion in water will increase or decrease depending on increase or decrease in temperature. Solids show the least molecular motion followed by liquids, and gases, which show the highest molecular motion. Watch this simulation to understand what happens to water when it is subjected to increase or decrease in temperature. Follow the instructions below and answer the questions that follow.
· Click on the Solids, Liquids, Gases tab at the top.
· Under the Molecules section on the top right corner, click on Water.
· Then in the Heat Control box, try the following three options:
1. Move the control to the highest point (adding heat) and hold it there for a minute.
2. Release the control, so that it goes to 0 (neither adding nor removing heat), and observe for a minute.
3. Move the control to the lowest point (removing heat) and only release it after the molecules are mostly gathered in an actively-moving swarm near the bottom of
the container.
4. Move the control to the lowest point once again and hold for a minute, then observe
the result.
Questions
1. What happens to the water molecules when heat is added?
Sample answer:
When heat is added, the water molecules start moving faster. After a minute or so, the molecules are far apart from each other and bouncing around the container.
2. What happens to the water molecules when heat is removed?
Sample answer:
When heat is removed, water molecules start moving closer to each other. After a minute or so, the molecules start to form connected rings, sitting on the bottom of the container, simply vibrating, but not bouncing or sliding over each other.
3. What is the arrangement of water molecules in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states?
Sample answer:
In the liquid state, the molecules are mostly sitting near the bottom of the container and bumping around in a group, but moving freely. They are actually packed closer together in the liquid phase than when they are in the solid phase (and forming connected “rings”).
2. Classification of Matter
Classify matter by filling in the concept map provided below.
Sample answer:
1. matter
2. elements
3. compounds
4. mixtures
5. homogeneous mixtures
6. heterogeneous mixtures
7. solutions
8. coarse mixture
9. colloids
10. suspensions
3. Separation Techniques
Do this interesting chromatography experiment on your own. Follow the instructions given and then answer these questions:
1. What do you observe on the filter paper strip after 2 to 3 hours?
Sample answer:
As the water moves upward along the filter paper strip, the different pigments present in the black ink separate out at different points. After drying the paper, there is a colored pattern on the strip.
2. What conclusion can you draw from this experiment about the components of the black ink?
Sample answer:
Black ink is made up of different colored pigments, and chromatography separates it into its constituent components.
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