Numbers & Math Review page 3
Numbers & Math Review for APES Exam
from Dan Hyke and other sources. revised May 2004 by C. Schneider
1. As of 2004, the number of people in the USA
a. 4.1 million b. 500 million c. 6.1 billion d. 290 million
2. As of 2004, the number of people on Earth
a. 1 billion b. 6.3 billion c. 150 million d. 4 billion
3. From 1975 to 2001, the world population growth rate of humans was about
a. 0.5% b. 1.0% c. 1.6% d. 2.4% e. 5%
4. From 1975 to 2001, the population growth rate of USA was about
a. 0.5% b. 1.0% c. 1.6% d. 2.4% e. 5%
5. Rank order these regions from highest population growth rate to lowest
I. Europe II. sub-Sahara Africa III. Latin America & Caribbean
IV. Arab states V. Asia
a. IV, II, III, V, I b. V, II, III, IV, I c. III, IV, II, I, V
6. Rank order these countries from highest population size to smallest
I. USA II. China III. India IV. Brazil V. Indonesia
a. II, III, V, IV, I b. III, II, I, V, IV c. II, III, I, V, IV
7. At what saturation level will it rain?
a. 95% b. 75% c. 50% d. 100% e. 150%
8. What percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas?
a. less than 1% b. 21% c. 78% d. 63 1/3 %
9. What is the formula for calculating the doubling time of a population?
a. 70 ÷ % growth rate b. % growth rate ÷ 70
10. Which of these is a series of exponentially increasing numbers?
a. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23
b. 0, 1
c. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
d. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
e. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
11. Food chains rarely have more than _____ trophic levels.
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9
12. What is the typical number of trophic levels in an ecosystem?
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9
13. What is the predicted number of species that exist on Earth including those yet to be identified?
a. 10 million b. 5 million c. 1.8 million d. 1 billion e. 50,000
14. What is the number of species that have been describe taxonomically?
a. a. 100 million b. 5 million c. 1.8 million d. 1 billion e. 50,000
15. Approximately what percentage of species that ever existed are now extinct?
a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 99%
16. An example of a high Shannon diversity value is
a. 100.0 b. 60.0 c. 6.0 d. 1.6
17. An example of a low Shannon diversity value is
a. 000.6 b. 1.6 c. 10.0 d. 25%
18. What exactly is a kilocalorie?
a. 1000 kilograms b. 1000 grams c. 1000 calories
19. What of these best describes photosynthesis?
a. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
b. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O à C6H12O6 + 6 O2
20. What is a typical trophic level efficiency for agriculture?
a. 1% b. 5% c. 10% d. 20%
21. What is a typical trophic level efficiency for solar energy to green plants?
a. 1% b. 5% c. 10% d. 20%
22. How do you calculate net primary productivity?
a. the rate that producers store glucose as biomass minus the rate that producers use glucose
b. gross primary productivity minus respiration
c. the change in biomass of producers over time
d. all of these
23. What does the Rule of 10’s refer to?
a. the ratio of body length to head size
b. the ratio of the population of rural residents to urban residents in a developing country
c. the perfect ratio of N to K to P for growing wheat, rice and corn
d. the ratio of energy transported through a food chain
24. In 1996, what was the estimated number of days for supplying the world with grain (i.e. the reserve of grain)?
a. 25 b. 50 c. 100 d. 200 e. 365
25. A clothes dryer uses 4,600 watts of power and is used an average 228 hours per year. What is the approximate energy used per year (kilowatts/year)?
26. A 29 inch television uses 350 watts of power and is used an average of 1440 hours per year. A flat screen television uses 550 watts of power. What is the annual energy use for the 29 inch TV?
27. How much more efficient (%) is the 29 inch TV than the flat screen TV?
28. In the space to the left
draw a pie graph to show total energy
consumption for the United States in 2000:
20% coal, 20% natural gas, 40% petroleum,
8 percent hydropower and 10% nuclear power.
29. If an incandescent light bulb has an efficiency rating of 5%, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, there will be
a. 1.05 joules of light energy b. 1.05 joules of heat energy c. .95 joules of light energy
d. 0.05 joules of light energy e. 0.05 joules of heat energy
30. A sample of radioactive waste has a ½ life 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curies?
a. 10 years b. 20 years c. 30 years d. 40 years e. 80 years
The environmental impact of washing a load of dirty dishes in an electric dishwasher differs from that of washing them by hand in a sink. Assume the following:
(1) The dishes all fit in one load.
(2) The water coming into the sink and into the dishwasher is at 50 º F.
(3) The water heaters for the sink and dishwasher are both 100% efficient.
(4) In one complete cycle, the electric dishwasher uses 10 gallons of water heated to 140 º F and the dishwasher also uses 0.500 kilowatt-hour of electrical energy for its mechanical operation.
(5) Washing dishes by hand requires 20 gallons of water heated to 110 º F.
(6) 1 gallon of water weighs 8 pounds.
(7) 1 BTU = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 º F
(8) 1 kilowatt-hour = 3400 BTU’s
31. Calculate the total energy (in BTU’s) needed to heat the water and run the electric dishwasher for washing one load of dishes.
32. Calculate the energy (in BTU’s) needed to heat the water for washing one load of dishes by hand.
33. Which is more efficient and by what percent?