21st Century Instructional Guide for Career Technical Education
Pharmacology and Laboratory Medicine
Health Science Education Cluster
Title: / Pharmacology and Laboratory Medicine (WVEIS 0729)Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.1 / Introduction
Students will understand the history and source of drugs.
Essential
Questions: / How has the advent of antibiotic therapy impacted the fight against disease?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.1.1 / examine drugs including their origin and use. / drug origin
Note: examine drugs, origin and use included in introductory chapters.
HSE.O.PLM.1.2 / compare the three type of drug names. / Drugs often have several names. When a drug is first discovered, it is given a chemical name, which describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug. The chemical name is thus usually too complex and cumbersome for general use. Next, a shorthand version of the chemical name or a code name (such as RU 486) is developed for easy reference among researchers.
When a drug is approved by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA—the government agency
responsible for ensuring that drugs marketed in the
United States are safe and effective), it is given
a generic (official) name and a trade (proprietary or
brand) name. The trade name is developed by
the company requesting approval for the drug and
identifies it as the exclusive property of that
company. For example, Phenytoin is the generic
name and Dilantin is a trade name for the same
drug. (www.merck.com)define, compare, give
Student Learning Activity: provide examples of:
· chemical
· generic
· trade
HSE.O.PLM.1.3 / differentiate between four sources of drugs, giving examples. / Note: new chemical substances discovered in
nature; new chemicals derived from molecular
manipulation of a drug already in use.
HSE.O.PLM.1.4 / determine forms in which drugs are prepared, giving examples and route of administration for each. / drugs
· example
· preparation
· route of administration
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.2 / Agencies and Safety Guidelines
Students will identify the legal and ethical implication of medication administration.
Essential
Questions: / What are the ethical implications of medication administration?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.2.1 / determine the role of the FDA. / FDA
Note: See chapter three of pharmacology text, includes origin of drug legislation, discussion of scheduled drugs and patent medicines.
HSE.O.PLM.2.2 / examine the drug approval process. / drug approval process
Note: See chapter three and four of pharmacology text, examines drug approval process.
HSE.O.PLM.2.3 / articulate the “New Drug” list. / “New Drug” list
Note: See chapter four in pharmacology text, explains drug design, testing, manufacturing and origins of new drugs.
HSE.O.PLM.2.4 / determine the function of the Drug Enforcement Administration and the purpose of the Controlled Substance Act. / Drug Enforcement Administration
The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States; and to recommend and support non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets. (www. usdoj.gov/dea/agency/mission.htm)
Controlled Substance Act of 1970
· part of a larger piece of legislation – Comprehensive Drug Abuse, Prevention and Control Act
· enacted to improve the administration and regulation of all parties involved in the manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances
o Schedule I
o Schedule II
o Schedule III
o Schedule IV
o Schedule V
Students should identify the potential for abuse within each classification and what drugs are within each.
HSE.O.PLM.2.5 / examine controlled substances, listing the five categories and providing five examples of each. / categories
· Schedule I: PCP, heroin, LSD, marijuana; peyote
· Schedule II: morphine, codeine, cocaine, methadone
· Schedule III: Tylenol with codeine, paregoric, OxyContin
· Schedule IV: Darvon, Librium, Valium, Phenobarbital
· Schedule V: Lomotil, cough syrups with codeine
HSE.O.PLM.2.6 / recognize proper method for storing and dispensing a controlled substance. / storage and dispensing
· store separately from other drugs
· keep in a double-locked box or cabinet in a
safe location.
HSE.O.PLM.2.7 / examine documentation associated with controlled substances. / documentation
· logs maintained and used at the end of day or end of shift
· all drugs, including drugs that are wasted, must be accounted for
HSE.O.PLM.2.8 / determine the legal considerations associated with controlled substances and prescription pads. / Student Learning Activity: investigate legal considerations via Internet and develop an oral presentation about laws concerning drug abuse and forged prescriptions.
HSE.O.PLM.2.9 / articulate the professions that can legally prescribe medication. / prescription authority
Note: chapters three and ten of pharmacology text discusses who can legally prescribe medications.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.3 / Drug References
Students will demonstrate knowledge in the use of the PDR and other reference sources.
Essential
Questions: / Which drug reference is best for the transcription industry and why?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.3.1 / compare types of drug reference books. / Student Learning Activity: conduct discussion comparing PDR to other drug reference books such as Quick Look Drug Book and pharmacology word books.
HSE.O.PLM.3.2 / examine the sections in a Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR). / PDR
· Manufacturers’ Index
· Brand and Generic Name Index
· Product Category Index
· Product Identification Guide
· Product Information
· Diagnostic Product Information
HSE.O.PLM.3.3 / characterize the format of the PDR’s product information section. / PDR format
· product information arranged alphabetically by
manufacturer
HSE.O.PLM.3.4 / demonstrate the procedure for using a PDR. / Student Learning Activity: PDR worksheet assignments.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.4 / Pharmacology Measurement
Students will understand both the apothecary and metric systems of measurement by the calculation of drug doses requiring the use of decimals, fractions, ratios, and proportions.
Essential
Questions: / What steps can be implemented to reduce or eliminate drug dosage errors in hospitals?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.4.1 / compare the two systems of measure commonly used in pharmacology. / chapter nine of pharmacology text discuses systems of measurement; answer review questions and test for understanding and retention of material.
HSE.O.PLM.4.2 / recognize metric units of measure. / included in chapter nine.
HSE.O.PLM.4.3 / correctly read and write metric abbreviations. / pop quiz.
HSE.O.PLM.4.4 / recognize apothecary units of measure. / included in chapter nine.
HSE.O.PLM.4.5 / correctly read and write apothecary abbreviations. / included in chapter nine.
HSE.O.PLM.4.6 / convert quantities between the systems of measure. / worksheets-teacher made.
HSE.O.PLM.4.7 / relate standardized units of measure and give examples of their use. / use essay question on test to investigate: is there a standard measurement for a unit? student must explain answer.
HSE.O.PLM.4.8 / apply mathematical principles to computations related to healthcare procedures (metric and household, conversions and measurements). / create mathematical work sheets with metric/household conversion problems.
HSE.O.PLM.4.9 / demonstrate the ability to use decimals, fractions, ratios, and proportions. / test performance.
HSE.O.PLM.4.10 / recognize the methods for calculating pediatric drug doses. / mg/kg/day
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.5 / Medication Orders
Students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in the interpretation and documentation of medication orders.
Essential
Questions: / What plan could be developed to reduce the incidence of forged prescriptions?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.5.1 / determine the meaning of pharmacology terminology. / oral spelling test and matching definition test.
HSE.O.PLM.5.2 / analyze information found on a prescription. / textbook chapter devoted to prescription.
HSE.O.PLM.5.3 / recognize abbreviations used on prescriptions. / information located in text, testing on common abbreviations follows to assess comprehension and retention.
HSE.O.PLM.5.4 / interpret medication orders. / textbook chapter devoted to prescription.
HSE.O.PLM.5.5 / relate the technique to document verbal medication orders. / invite pharmacist to speak to students.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.6 / Drug Classification and Actions
Students will demonstrate knowledge to identify classification of drugs, factors that affect drug action, and the undesirable side effects of specific drugs.
Essential
Questions: / Discuss the effects of marketing and the rising costs of prescription drugs in health care.
Should marijuana be legal in cases of medical necessity?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.6.1 / determine the classification of specific drugs using reference books. / PDR assignment (worksheets).
HSE.O.PLM.6.2 / recognize the therapeutic action of specific classifications of drugs. / drug classification chapter in text; answer review questions with follow-up testing.
HSE.O.PLM.6.3 / compare the therapeutic action and side effects of specific drugs. / therapeutic action and side effects discussed in class, followed by chapter review questions and testing.
HSE.O.PLM.6.4 / recognize common contraindications. / included in therapeutic action and side effects review.
HSE.O.PLM.6.5 / relate precautions and adverse reactions of specific drugs. / included in therapeutic action and side effects review.
HSE.O.PLM.6.6 / determine the classification, action, and side effects of OTC drugs. / integrated into sections of text dedicated to drugs used for specific body systems, test questions incorporated into anatomy and physiology chapter tests.
HSE.O.PLM.6.7 / debate alternative medications and the action of each. / classroom discussion of alternative meds correlated with particular body system we are studying.
HSE.O.PLM.6.8 / differentiate drug interactions and their consequences. / classroom discussion of drug interactions and consequences correlated with particular body system we are studying.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.7 / Technology
Students will understand drug nomenclature, routes of administration, and classifications.
Essential
Questions: / How may a transcriptionist’s understanding of drug routes and dosages impact a patient’s life?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.7.1 / examine pharmacological nomenclature and principles. / pharmacologic reference material searches and internet scavenger hunts.
HSE.O.PLM.7.2 / recognize nine forms in which drugs are manufactured. / answer questions at end of chapter addressing this issue in pharmacology text.
HSE.O.PLM.7.3 / classify eight routes of administration. / answer questions at end of chapter addressing this
issue in pharmacology text.
HSE.O.PLM.7.4 / correlate the relationships of drug classes with disease processes and medical specialities. / coordinate assignments in pharmacology, anatomy
and physiology, and medical transcription.
HSE.O.PLM.7.5 / recognize commonly prescribed medications, including indications, actions, dosages, and routes of administrations. / Quick Look Drug Book assignment.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.8 / Medical Terminology
Students will understand medical language related to pharmacology and laboratory medicine.
Essential
Questions: / In what ways would learning medical language be beneficial?
Compare learning medical terminology to learning a foreign language.
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.8.1 / examine medical language and its structure (i.e. prefixes, suffixes, combining forms, root words, plurals, abbreviations, acronyms, eponyms, homonyms, antonyms, synonyms, and commonly used foreign words and phrases). / complete worksheets; conduct medical dictionary searches; convert medical terms to adjective/adverbial/pleural forms in homework assignments; pop quiz to follow.
HSE.O.PLM.8.2 / determine, pronounce, spell, define, and understand medical terminology related to anatomy, physiology, general medicine, general surgery, medical specialties, surgical specialties, diagnostic and interventional procedures, pathology and laboratory medicine, health and wellness, imaging techniques, medications, and alternative or complementary medicine. / refresh and apply 4 basic rules of spelling; oral and written test questions; pop quizzes; spelling tests.
HSE.O.PLM.8.3 / examine and apply terms and concepts of gross and microscopic human anatomical structure and physiologic functioning. / participate in class discussion; complete workbook
assignments; test for retention and understanding.
HSE.O.PLM.8.4 / examine terms related to surgical procedures and other diagnostic and interventional treatment modalities (i.e. anesthesia types and techniques, surgical techniques, equipment, instruments and accessories), as well as typical findings and related diagnoses. / complete teacher-made worksheets; transcribe surgical transcription using appropriate reference materials.
HSE.O.PLM.8.5 / recognize procedures, techniques, and findings in diagnostic and interventional imaging. / laboratory and diagnostic textbook assignments.
HSE.O.PLM.8.6 / differentiate among common tests used in pathology and laboratory medicine, including diagnostic indications, techniques, expression of values, and significance of findings. / answer essay questions in chapter reviews and on tests to cover this.
HSE.O.PLM.8.7 / use appropriate medical reference materials (i.e. word books, dictionaries, Internet, and electronic resources). / participate in class discussion concerning appropriate medical references.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.PLM.9 / Anatomy and Physiology
Students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in human anatomy and physiology.
Essential
Questions: / What are the important interrelationships between heredity and environment?
Develop a plan to increase muscle strength.
What does a cell have to do to go from one cell to two cells?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.PLM.9.1 / examine the anatomy and physiology of the human body. / complete workbook assignments in anatomy and physiology and be tested for understanding and retention.
HSE.O.PLM.9.2 / characterize the basic structural and functional organization of the human body including chemical, cellular, tissues, organs, and systems. / first chapter of anatomy and physiology devoted to body cavities and organs and plains/regions of the body. Workbook assignments followed by chapter test.
HSE.O.PLM.9.3 / analyze body cavities and the organs they contain. / complete workbook assignments in anatomy and physiology and be tested for understanding and retention.
HSE.O.PLM.9.4 / use anatomical terminology to describe the location of areas of the body and the relation of one part to another. / first chapter of anatomy and physiology devoted to
body systems, cavities, organs, plains, and regions
of the body. workbook assignment followed by
chapter test.
HSE.O.PLM.9.5 / compare the immune system and defense mechanisms. / participate in class discussion; pop quiz.