PRISON BOWL X
Questions head edited by Luke Tierney, vice head edited by Chloe Levine, and section edited by Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Joshua Kwan, and Daniel Ma. Questions written by Hunter College High School (Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Daniel Ma, David Godovich, Brian Lu, Rachel Yang, Alice Lin, Brian Huang, Jeremy Kim, Cerulean Ozarow, Philip Belin, Pedro Juan Orduz, Ben Chapman, Ada-Marie Gutierrez, and Asher Jaffe).
Round 11
Tossups
1. In one response to this work subtitled “The Murderess,” Edvard Munch (“MOONK”) painted a hat and a bowl of fruit sitting on a table next to a nude woman. In this work, a quill is held aloft next to a wooden writing table bearing the artist’s dedication. A confession of unhappiness and plea for help written in (*) French appear on a paper held by one figure in this painting, who wears a white headcloth. The scene in this painting follows the assassination of a young journalist by the absent Girondin sympathizer Charlotte Corday. For 10 points, name this artwork depicting a deceased Frenchman in a bathtub, a painting by Jacques-Louis David.
ANSWER: The Death of Marat [or La Mort de Marat; accept Marat Assassiné] <GA>
2. During apoptosis, this molecule is cleaved downstream of caspase 1 to form two polypeptide fragments of lengths 15 and 31 kilodaltons. In the tissue of a nephron, tight junctions anchor via ZO1 to this protein. This protein attains its tertiary structure with the aid of (*) prefoldin in eukaryotic cells, and it binds to CapZ to facilitate stable formation into filaments. That is the F form of this protein, which can also take the G or globular form. Along with tubulin, this is a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and is the most abundant intracellular protein in humans. For 10 points, name this protein which slides along myosin filaments during muscle contraction.
ANSWER: actin <BH>
3. This dynasty was established following the defeat of Jie at the Battle of Mingtiao, and it fell following the Battle of Muye. Its first ruler, Tang, moved nine cauldrons that were created by Yu the Great, who founded the dynasty prior to this one. This dynasty is the subject of a Tsinghua University chronological project along with the dynasties that preceded and succeeded it, the (*) Xia and Zhou respectively. This dynasty had its capital at Anyang, at which excavations have revealed oracle bones used for divination. For 10 points, name this earliest archaeologically verified Chinese dynasty.
ANSWER: Shang Dynasty [accept Yin Dynasty] <LT>
4. According to an essay by David Orr, “Everyone Loves” this poem but “Everyone Gets [it] Wrong.” A friendship with Edward Thomas inspired this poem, which is written in four stanzas of iambic tetrameter. The narrator of this poem, the first in Mountain Interval, “doubted if [he] should ever come back” because he knows “how (*) way leads on to way.” Later, that narrator of this poem says he will be explaining his decision “with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence” though he was “sorry [he] could not travel both” of the “two roads diverged in a yellow wood.” For 10 points, identify this poem in which the narrator “took the one less traveled by,” a work of Robert Frost.
ANSWER: “The Road Not Taken” <CL>
5. Piero Sraffa wrote a 1925 book about returns to scale under this specific economic condition that criticized the theory of the firm, which itself was designed to address shortcomings in this theoretical model. Information asymmetry and externalities cannot exist in this theoretical condition, and products must be (*) homogenous. If this condition is true, no single seller can significantly influence the market price of the good, and barriers to entry do not exist. This system is often contrasted with that of a monopoly. For 10 points, identify this term that describes an ideal free economic condition with many different buyers and sellers.
ANSWER: perfect competition [accept perfect market; prompt on a partial answer or free market or capitalism or a descriptive answer ] <LT>
6. A legend about this group states that its standard was taken up by a shoemaker, Hans von Sagan, during the Battle of Rudau. The Lizard League was formed to combat this organization. This organization was officially dissolved in the 1525 Treaty of Krakow. This organization lost much of its power following its defeat at the (*) 1410 Battle of Grunwald, at which a combined Polish-Lithuanian force overwhelmed its Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen (“yoon-GHIN-ghen”). Men from this organization were defeated by Alexander Nevsky in 1242. For 10 points, name this knightly order that shares its name with a common term for the German people.
ANSWER: Teutonic Knights [or Teutonic Order; accept The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem] <LT>
7. In one work, this author wrote of the “Spring wind telling the mango-bird” if the day had been “wet or fine.” In another poem, he claimed to “Lower [his] head and pine for home” after seeing “Moonlight before [his] bed / Perhaps frost on the ground.” In addition to “A Quiet Night Thought,” this writer of several poems translated by (*) Ezra Pound, including one about a time “When [the speaker’s] hair was still cut straight,” opened one work with the image of “A cup of wine, under the flowering trees.” Those works are “The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter” and “Drinking Alone by Moonlight.” For 10 points, name this Tang dynasty poet, a friend of Du Fu.
ANSWER: Li Bo [accept either; accept Li Po; accept Li Bai; accept Li Pai; accept Li T’ai-po; accept Li T’ai-pai] <CL>
8. The “Epilogue” section of this composer’s sixth symphony is marked senza espressivo and is played entirely pianissimo. This man wrote a choral Serenade to Music based on a scene from Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. A Robert Louis Stevenson poem led this composer to include “Whither Must I Wander” in his (*) Songs of Travel. One symphony by this composer uses a wind machine to imitate the environment of the title location. This composer of A Sea Symphony was inspired by the writer of Spem in alium to compose his Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis. For 10 points, name this English composer of Sinfonia Antartica and The Lark Ascending.
ANSWER: Ralph Vaughan Williams [prompt on Williams] <GA>
9. Geirhild won a brewing competition by praying to this deity, and this deity once demanded that the goddess Hyndla give the servant Ottar a memory potion. A giant offered to build an impenetrable wall around the residence of the gods in return for this deity’s hand in marriage. When this goddess disappeared looking for her husband (*) Odur, her brother sat on the throne Hlidskjalf (“HLID-skialf”) to find her. Wearing the necklace Brisingamen, Thor once dressed as this deity in order to recover Mjolnir (“MYOL-ner”) from Thrym. Half of those who die in combat come to Folkvangr, the hall of this deity, who owns a chariot of cats. For 10 points, name this Norse goddess of love and beauty.
ANSWER: Freyja [accept Freya, do not accept Freyr or Frey] <RY>
10. In a triangle, the distance from the Nagel point to the incenter is this factor of the distance from the centroid to the incenter. The most optimal packing density of n-spheres for this value of n is approximately 0.740, under the face-centered cubic pack. In point-set topology, the separation axiom of this index states that any (*) pair of distinct points in a space X must have disjoint neighborhoods, which is the condition of a Hausdorff space. This is the minimum number of vectors needed to form a basis in the Cartesian plane. The sum of binomial coefficients in the n-th row of Pascal’s triangle is equal to this number raised to the n-th power. For 10 points, identify this small positive integer, the only even prime number.
ANSWER: two <BH>
11. Ordinary adherents of this religion are called Juhhal, meaning “the ignorant,” as they are not normally permitted access to religious texts. The Epistles of Wisdom are a holy text in this religion. One aspect of this religion is the Belief in the Uniqueness of God, who they believe is embodied by a man who disappeared 1,000 years ago, (*) Al-Hakim. This non-Jewish religion is signified by a colored five-pointed star. Members of this religion are not permitted to marry outside it, and conversion to or from this religion is prohibited. For 10 points, name this syncretic offshoot of Islam, mainly practiced in Lebanon and Syria.
ANSWER: Druze [prompt on Muwahhidun] <CO>
12. The Chinese landforms of the Miao Room and Shilin are both composed of this type of rock. One theory supposes that the Mayans found the zenith days of the sun using the Holtun cenote, which is made of this rock, and the Great Pyramid of Giza was built primarily using this material. The Lower Florida Keys are composed of this type of rock, formed by the fossilization of an ancient (*) reef. This rock, when eroded, forms karst topography, which can be found at Mammoth Cave. Forming stalagmites and stalactites, for 10 points, name this white, easily erodible rock, notable for forming sinkholes and underground caves.
ANSWER: limestone [prompt on calcium carbonate or CaCO3] <DM>
13. This equation does not hold at extremely dilute concentrations of ions due to the decrease in the exchange current density. One term in this equation is multiplied by the natural logarithm of the ratio of the activities of the products to the reactants. One derivation of this equation sets the thermodynamic change in (*) Gibbs free energy equal to maximum non-expansion work. A physiological application of this equation is used to calculate the potential across a permeable membrane with respect to an ion. The right side of this equation contains a term multiplied by one over the Faraday constant and at equilibrium. For 10 points, name this electrochemical equation used to calculate the reduction potential of a cell under nonstandard conditions.
ANSWER: Nernst equation <AP>
14. This man was nominated by the derisively-nicknamed Know Nothing Party without his consent in 1852, but his pre-election death prompted the party to replace him on the ballot with Jacob Broom. This man delivered the “Syracuse Speech” to condemn violations of the (*) Fugitive Slave Act. This man said an institution was a “small college” but that there are “those who love it” while defending his alma mater in Dartmouth College v. Woodward. As Secretary of State, this man resolved a boundary dispute by signing a namesake treaty with Ashburton. For 10 points, name this 19th-century Massachusetts senator who shares his name with a common type of dictionary.
ANSWER: Daniel Webster <LT>
15. Solitudes and The Fable of Polyphemus and Galatea were written in this language by an author who names a style in opposition to “conceptism.” That style named for a writer in this language is Gongorism. Plays written in this language include The Dog in the Manger and Life is a Dream, and a play with the name of this language in the title was written by Thomas Kyd. The author of (*) Exemplary Novels was part of a Golden Age of literature in this language and wrote in it about a man who believes a washbasin to be the Helmet of Mambrino, rides the horse Rocinante, and is accompanied by Sancho Panza. For 10 points, identify this language in which Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote.
ANSWER: Spanish [accept español; accept Early Modern Spanish; accept classical Spanish; accept Golden Age Spanish] <CL>
16. This composer wrote an opera in which Fritz gains the favor of the Grand Duchess in the fictional land of Gérolstein. In another work by this composer, the title character falls in love with Giulietta, who begins the act by singing a barcarolle with Nicklausse. Bobinet and Gardefeu compete for Métella’s hand in the title city in this composer’s (*) operetta La Vie Parisienne. This man wrote an opera in which Coppélius destroys Olympia after she sings the “Doll Song.” The “Infernal Galop” from a satirical opera by this composer is now associated with can-can music. For 10 points, name this French composer of Orpheus in the Underworld and The Tales of Hoffman.
ANSWER: Jacques Offenbach <GA>
17. The first steps towards creating this construct were taken by Sheldon Glashow’s 1961 proposal of electroweak interactions, which were later proven during a 1973 experiment at CERN that discovered neutral weak currents caused by Z boson exchange. This theory accurately predicted the ratio of masses between (*) W± and Z0 (“w-plus-minus and zero-naught”) bosons discovered in 1983. This construct groups the four force carriers as gauge bosons but does not yet incorporate dark matter. For 10 points, name this model that, while categorizing the 13 fundamental particles, has been unable to account for all 4 fundamental forces.
ANSWER: Standard Model <AJ>
18. In the music video of a song titled after this word, the singer rides a stuffed triceratops and asks, “Where is the peanut butter?” A movie whose title begins with this word features Stephanie Mangano and Annette, along with the Brooklynite protagonist, Tony Manero. A song whose title begins with this word urges the listener to “get about as oiled as a diesel train” and “get a little action in.” In Billy Joel’s song “Piano Man,” this word is followed by the line, “The (*) regular crowd shuffles in,” and Lorne Michaels is the creator of a comedy show named for this day of the week. For 10 points, name this day of the week which precedes Night Fever in a disco movie and follows Friday on the calendar.