THE MANAGEMENT OF STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE
Kucherova Y. N., associate professor of the branch of FSBEI HPE "MSIU" in Vyazma, Candidate of economic sciences
The urgency of provision of capacity of enterprises to resist the disturbing influence of environment increases in conditions of increasingin speed and scale of global economic changes accompanied with growth of outer and inner indeterminacy. Thesolution of modern tasks of innovative modernization and structural reorganization of Russian economy is impossible in such conditions without stable development of an enterprise of industrial sector of national economy.
The concentration of efforts for provision of economic stability of industrial enterprises is a guarantee of their survivability on the one hand and on the other handit reduces the possibilities of progressive changes of enterprises in the process of development, the necessity of which increases in conditions of strengthening of competition and market turbulence.Russian enterprises of industrial sector are forced simultaneously to solve problems of provision of stability and functioning and development in conditions of decrease of their investment attractiveness, limitation of sources of financing.
The stable development in the last decade became a universally recognized aim. Development becomes unstable only when contradictions between inner factors and environment worsen and then such condition arises in the system that is accompanied with destruction or transition to another quality. Therefore the aim of stable development is evaluation of condition and maintenance of the system viability.
The stability is a dynamic notion. Social systems and their environment, technology and culture, human values and desires constantly change, but stable society is obliged to provide possibility of these changes that hold them simultaneously in their balanced development.
In order to control stable development of an enterprise at the microlevel it’s necessary as a rule to apply functional analyses and particularly alternative models of management. It is due to the fact that a definite quantitative expression of stability makes it possible to evaluate adequately the work of business unit, optimally combine orientation of the best satisfaction of demand on production with rational use of its own resources.
A necessity of integrated research of complicated multiple-factor problem of management of stable development of industrial enterprises as economic systems arises in such conditions that could allow to reveal tendencies of taking theoretical pluralism of different conceptions and directions of management that occupy different sides and connections of phenomenon of stable economic development and that permit to take peculiarities of industrial enterprise as an object of management into account in the process of preparation, taking and realization of management decisions.
From such positions it’s necessary to work out and to substantiate universal conceptual and methodological and theoretical and methodological basis of management of stable development of industrial enterprises that is based on modelling of management process and provision of uniformity of practical realization of principles, approaches and algorithms of basis of controllingimpacts. Itentails inevitably the solution of several problems:
-The problem of information provision of preparation and taking managerial decisions for stable economic development of an industrial enterprise;
- The problem of insufficient scientific development of approaches for establishing of qualitative determinacy of applying economic magnitudes;
- The problem of interpretation of received results with the aim of evaluation of the past, the present and forecasts for future in the process of organization of a system of monitoring of evolution of functioning and development of an enterprise.
We can notice in spite of significant variety of theoretical and methodological and applied researches in the sphere of management of stable development that the main attention is given to ecological and economic aspects. The peculiarities of stable development of enterprises as economic systems are not enough studied. Essentialaspects of process of stable economic development were not enough exposedin scientific researches; applyingconceptual constructis notable for contradictoriness and unconformity. Scientific approaches are not completely worked out forexplanation of conceptions, principles, methods of management of stable economic development of industrial enterprise, revealing its main factors and appliance of managing parameters, development of models and algorithms of taking managerial decisions. There is an insufficient scientificdevelopmentof theoretical approaches and methodology and evaluation of economic magnitudes in the system of management of stable economic development of industrial enterprise.
Thereby the problem of development of theory and methodology of management of stable development of enterprisesis becoming significantly urgent, that can realize administrative decisions for provision of stability of process of progressive changes in an enterprise in inseparable connection with keeping of its ability to realize economic activity in every separate moment of time in conditions of indeterminacy of different disturbing impacts.
The management of stable development of an enterprise in terms of instability, indeterminacy and dynamismof economic environment is a sum of means of provision of interconnected activity of all subsystems of an enterprise, the use of which provides in given bounds achievement of formulated aims.
According to the system and logical approach the management of an enterprise is a totality of successive actions of managing subsystem (the subject of management) oriented on manageable subsystem (the object of management) for achievement of formulated aims. The influence of subject of management on object of management should be realized in the closed cycle that is necessary for examinationfrom structure, content and process.
There are 3 approaches to the characteristics of management activity in an enterprise:
Structural approach – it considers stages of management cycle;
Process approach – it examines phases of management cycle;
Functional approach – it analyses functions of management cycle.
The management of stable development of an enterprise is realized according to the following principles:
The principle of consistency –it demands interconnection and intersubordination of all controlling impacts;
The principle of complexity is a registration of all expected factors of influence;
The principle of continuity is a correctionof influence of new information, that should have uninterrupted (discrete) character;
The principle of adequacy is a correspondence of mechanism to objective regularities.
On the preparation stage there are the following sections:
Getting information about the situation. Information must be reliable and complete, because unreliable and incomplete information leads to the ineffective and wrong decisions. Many difficulties arise by having redundant information in connection to necessity of selection of different facts for timely solutions;
Getting information about the situation and preparation of analytic information. Analytic information must be well structured, concise and reliable;
Specification of criteria of evaluation. It is a determination of such parameters and coefficients on the basis of which the evaluation of stability will be;
Organizational preparation of the process of planning of economic and financial activity of an enterprise;
Establishing interlocutions with managers of specialized services of administration of an enterprise activity;
Specification of positions and variants of enterprise developmentby managers;
Discussion of possibilities of formation of variants of effective management of economic activity of an enterprise in accordance to the aim of stable development.
Evaluation of the present level of stability of enterprise activity can be realized according to the following method.
For evaluation of the present level of stability of enterprise activity is necessary to have the system of particular indicators and coefficients of stability. The number of indicators characterising different types of stability is great and what is the most essential they are differently oriented and uninterchangeable. Therefore full evaluation of the present level of stability in such conditions is impossible.
Proceeding from this statement we think that system of particular indicators and coefficients for provision of methodological unity suggested in work must be ended with generalizing indicator of evaluation of level of stable development of an enterprise, with the help of which the correct comparative characteristic of enterprises in space and time aspect, determination of their rate are possible.
We will consider stable development of an enterprise as an object of management as the main subprocess of its enterprise activity.It is a maintenance of realization of all production functions that determine activity of an enterprise as a system in a temporary interval that is called “creation of an enterprise – liquidation of an enterprise”. The process of stable development of an enterprise differs cardinally from the process of an enterprise functioning thatconsists of realization in time of main functions of an enterprise oriented on achievement of aim of activity in frames of existing structure and achieved level of quality of strategic elements. The process of stable development is a coherent transition from one aim of activity of an enterprise to another one that corresponds to new qualitative conditions of inner and outer environment.
The control of stable enterprise development depends on the followingfactors:
Organizational and judicial structure;
The age of an enterprise;
Financial condition;
Workforce capacity of directors.
The main directions of managing impacts for provision of stable development of enterprise should be realized in the following directions:
Financial;
Production;
Personnel;
Marketing;
Informative;
Economic;
Innovative.
Itis necessary to denote at first the most perspective directions in frames of the given enterprisefor increasing of efficiency of managing impacts. The best approach to management of stable development of an enterprise in conditions of instability, indeterminacy and dynamism of economic environment is parametrical adaptive administration according to the results with elements of early prevention of outer destabilizing factors.
The essence of this type of management consists in the following: managing subsystem of an enterprise on early stage expose the influence of outer destabilizing factors by method of express-diagnostics, tries to compensate their influence maximally or liquidate them completely.
In accordance to the modern conception of enterprise development the control of stable development of an enterprise is necessary to realize simultaneously on three levels:
Strategic;
Innovative;
Practical.
On the strategic level the changes that go on in the inner and outer enterprise environment are exposed, analyzed and organized. It determines formation of target function and vector of development. Destabilizers of enterprise development are analyzed and arranged on the innovative level. The methods of analyzes of factors of enterprise development are selected and corrected on the practical level. And they determine directions of improvement of enterprise control system.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Yeletskih C. Y. The characteristics of stages of process of management of stable enterprise development. // Economics of the Crimea, № 1, 2011.
- Kucherova Y. N. The formation of mechanism of stable development of machine builders in modern conditions (by the example of machine builders of Smolensk region). // Author’s abstract in candidacy for a degree Candidate of economic sciences. – Moscow, 2011.