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2The Basics of Life: Chemistry
Most of your students require only a limited basic understanding of the atom; therefore, only a basic level of information is presented in this chapter. The chapter includes such topics as an introduction to the nature of kinetic and potential energy and thermodynamics; the Periodic Table of the Elements; chemical and intermolecular bonding; states of matter; the nature of chemical reactions; the importance of water to all life; acids, bases, and salts; and the concept of pH.
Since many students will not have had any formal study of chemistry, and since molecular biology is an important part of any introductory biology course, we must see that they have a certain minimum understanding of this scientific field. For instance, the reason that the students are shown the nature of energy and structure of atoms is to provide them with an understanding of chemical bonds, so that they can begin to understand the flow of energy through living systems. Basic chemistry is also important in understanding the innumerable biochemical reactions that occur in all living things.
As we go through this explanation with the students, they may not see where this information will apply; therefore, it will help to periodically review the information with the student and pull it all together by giving examples to which students can relate. The better students will make the association by themselves; however, there will be those who will flounder in a sea of facts that seem to have no relationship. Models or diagrams are particularly effective in helping students visualize these concepts. You may wish to use the exercise in the laboratory manual and encourage them to turn to the Internet site ( for additional guided learning exercises and learning connections. Such exercises provide better opportunities for individual question-and-answer sessions than a lecture session.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Understand that all substances are comprised of matter and energy.
Contrast matter and energy.
Summarize the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
State why energy is necessary for life.
Recognize the basic structure of atoms.
Discriminate between atoms and elements; molecules and compounds.
Describe the information found in the periodic table of the elements.
Describe how isotopes differ from one another.
Differentiate among atomic weight, atomic number, atomic mass, and mass number.
Explain how atoms stick together to form compounds.
Contrast chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds.
Describe the differences among liquids, solids, and gases.
Describe the chemical nature of water.
Understand the roles water plays in maintaining life.
Differentiate among solution, solvent, and solute.
Recognize how compounds may be broken down and reconnected in different ways.
List the five types of chemical reactions associated with all living things.
Explain the difference between reactants and products.
Identify compounds that are acids, bases, or salts.
Work with the pH scale.