SOM Table 1: Evidence for increased bleaching tolerance and/ or inheritance of heat tolerance indicates that at least some reef species have the ability to rapidly respond to changing climatic conditions (Bellantuono et al 2012, Berkelmans 2009, Guest et al 2012, Maynard et al 2008, McClanahan and Muthiga 2014, Palumbi et al 2014, Pratchett et al 2013). While future climate change conditions can rapidly alter the composition and function of host microbiomes (Bourne et al 2008, Fan et al 2012, Littman et al 2011, Meron et al 2011, Vega Thurber et al 2009, Vega Thurber et al 2014, Vega Thurber et al 2008, Webster et al 2008, Webster et al 2011, Webster et al 2013a, Webster et al 2013b, Webster et al 2016), our understanding of how this translates to host acclimation is limited. Key microbial mechanisms that would facilitate transgenerational acclimatisation of reef organisms include symbiont shuffling and switching, genetic adaptation of the symbionts, horizontal gene transfer and vertical inheritance of acquired microbial traits.
Mechanism / Holobiont / ReferenceSymbiont Shuffling / Corals, Sponges / (Baker et al 2004, Chen et al 2005, Fabricius et al 2004, Howells et al 2016, Jones et al 2008, Keshavmurthy et al 2014, Morrow et al 2015, Oliver and Palumbi 2011, van Oppen et al 2001)
Symbiont Switching / Corals / (Boulotte et al 2016)
Symbiont Adaptation / Corals / (Díaz-Almeyda et al 2011, Howells et al 2012, Howells et al 2016, Levin et al 2016, Middlebrook et al 2008, Robison and Warner 2006)
Horizontal Gene Transfer / Sponges / (Fu et al 2008, Hambly and Suttle 2005, Jackson et al 2011, Nguyen et al 2014)
Vertical Transmission / Corals, Sponges, Ascidians / (Apprill et al 2009, Enticknap et al 2006, Ereskovsky et al 2005, Kojima and Hirose 2012, Lee et al 2009, Richmond and Hunter 1990, Schmitt et al 2007, Schmitt et al 2008, Sharp et al 2007, Sharp et al 2012, Usher et al 2001, Webster et al 2010)
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