Historical Biogeography of Fleas: Distance from the Former Bering Land Bridge and Phylogenetic

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Historical biogeography of fleas: distance from the former Bering Land Bridge and phylogenetic similarity between the Nearctic and Palearctic assemblages

Parasitology Research

Boris R. Krasnov*, Georgy I. Shenbrot, Irina S. Khokhlova

*Mitrani Dept. of Desert Ecology, Swiss Inst. Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Inst. Desert Research, Ben-Gurion Univ. Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel ().

Appendix 1

List of regions at ranked distances from Beringia in the Nearctic and Palearctic where data on fleas and their hosts were taken from

Nearctic

Ranked distance 1. Alaska and Yukon (Hopla 1965; Holland 1985; Haas et al. 1989; Laakkonnen et al. 2002).

Ranked distance 2. Northwest Territories and British Columbia (Holland 1985).

Ranked distance 3. Washington (Lewis et al. 1988; Kucera et al. 2001).

Ranked distance 4. Colorado, Idaho, Utah,Wyoming (Tipton and Allred 1951; Beck 1966;Allred 1968;Campos et al. 1985;Kucera 1995; Anderson and Williams 1997).

Ranked distance 5. Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin (Poorbaugh and Gier 1961;Amin 1976;Whitaker 1982; Kollars et al. 1997).

Ranked distance 6. Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina (Layne 1971;Clark and Durden 2002; Reeves et al. 2005).

Palearctic

Ranked distance 1. Northern Russian Far East (Yudin et al. 1976).

Ranked distance 2. Kamchatka peninsula (Paramonov et al. 1966).

Ranked distance 3. Amur and Bureya River valleys region, Sovetskaya Gavan region, Ussuri river valley (Kozlovskaya 1958;Koshkin 1966; Kotti and Kovalvesky 1995).

Ranked distance 4. Altai Mountains, Mongolia (Khangay), Tyva, Western Sayan Ridge (Letov et al. 1966; Vasiliev 1966;Emelyanova and Shtilmark 1967; Labunets 1967;Sapegina et al. 1981).

Ranked distance 5. Kurgan region, Kustanai region, Ural river valley, Volga-Kama region (Reshetnikova 1959;, Korzukhina and Marvin 1971; Nazarova 1981;Starikov and Sapegina 1987;, Tanitovsky et al. 2004).

Ranked distance 6. Adzharia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (Kunitsky and Kunistkaya 1962;Avetisyan et al. 1960;Alania et al. 1964).

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