CHAPTER SEQUENCE:

Chapter 1-The Science of Biology

Science

Observation

Inference

Hypothesis

Controlled Experiment

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Control Group

Data

Theory

Biology

DNA

Stimulus

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Homeostasis

Metabolism

Biosphere

Chapter2- The Chemistry of Life

Atom

Nucleus

Electron

Element

Isotope

Compound

Ionic bond

ion

Covalent bond

Molecule

Van der Waals Forces

Hydrogen Bond

Cohesion

Adhesion

Mixture

Solution

Solute

Solvent

Suspension

pH Scale

Acid

Base

Buffer

Monomer

Polymer

Carbohydrate

Monosaccharide

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Protein

Amino Acid

Chemical Reaction

Reactant

Product

Activation Energy

Catalyst

Enzyme

Substrate

Chapter 7- Cell Structure and Function

Cell

Cell Theory

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

Cytoplasm

Organelle

Vacuole

Lysosome

Cytoskeleton

Centriole

Ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

Chloroplast

Mitachondrion

Cell Wall

Lipid Bilayer

Selectively Permeable

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Aquaporin

Osmosis

Isotonic

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Osmotic Pressure

Homeostasis

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Receptor

Chapter 8- Photosynthesis

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Heterotroph

Autotroph

Photosynthesis

Pigment

Chlorophyll

Thylakoid

Stroma

NADP

Light-Dependent Reactions

Light-Independent Reactions

Photosystem

Electron Transport Chain

ATP Synthase

Calvin Cycle

Chapter 9- Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Calorie

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Glycolysis

NAD

Krebs Cycle

Matrix

Fermentation

Chapter 31- Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Cell Body

Dendrite

Axon

Myelin Sheath

Resting Potential

Action Potential

Threshold

Synapse

Neurotransmitter

Reflex

Cerebrum

Cerebral Cortex

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Dopamine

Somatic Nervous System

Reflex Arc

Autonomic Nervous System

Taste Bud

Cochlea

Semicircular Canals

Cornea

Iris

Pupil

Lens

Retina

Rods

Cones

Chapter 32- Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

HaversianCanal

Bone Marrow

Cartilage

Ossification

Osteoblast

Osteocyte

Osteoclast

Joint

Ligament

Muscle Fiber

Myofibril

Myosin

Actin

Sarcomere

Neuromuscular junction

Acetylcholine

Tendon

Epidermis

Keratin

Melanocyte

Melanin

Dermis

Sebaceous Gland

Hair Follicle

Chapter 33- Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Myocardium

Atrium

Ventricle

Valve

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

Pacemaker

Artery

Capillary

Vein

Plasma

Red blood cell

Hemoglobin

White blood cell

Platelet

Lymph

Atherosclerosis

Pharynx

Trachea

Larynx

Bronchus

Alveolus

Diaphragm

Chapter 35- The Immune System and Disease

Infectous disease

Germ Theory of Disease

Koch’s Postulates

Zoonosis

Vector

Inflammatory Response

Histamine

Interferon

Fever

Immune Response

Antigen

Antibody

Humoral Immunity

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Vaccination

Active Immunity

Passive Immunity

Allergy

Asthma

Chapter30-Digestive and Excretory Systems

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Homeostasis

Feedback Inhibition

Calorie

Carbohydrate

Fat

Protein

Vitamin

Mineral

Mechanical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Amylase

Esophagus

Peristalsis

Stomach

Pepsin

Chime

Small Intestine

Villus

Large Intestine

Excretion

Ureter

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

Nephron

Filtration

Glomerulus

Bowman’s Capsule

Reabsorption

Loop of Henle

Chapter 34- Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

Hormone

Target Cell

Exocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

Prostaglandin

Pituitary Gland

Releasing Hormone

Corticosteroid

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

Parathyroid Hormone

Puberty

Testis

Scrotum

Seminiferous tubule

Epidiymis

Vas Deferens

Semen

Ovary

Menstrual Cycle

Ovulation

Corpus Luteum

Menstration

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Zygote

Blastocyst

Implantation

Gastrulation

Neurulation

Placenta

Fetus

Chapter 10- Cell Growth and Division

Cell division

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

Chromosome

Chromatin

Cell Cycle

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Prophase

Centromere

Chromatid

Centriole

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cyclin

Growth Factor

Apoptosis

Cancer

Tumor

Embryo

Differentiation

Totipotent

Blastocyst

Pluripotent

Stem Cell

Multipotent

Chapter 11- Introduction to Genetics

Genetics

Fertilization

Trait

Hybrid

Gene

Allele

Principle of dominance

Segregation

Gamete

Probability

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Phenotype

Genotype

Punnett Square

Independent assortment

Incomplete Dominance

Codominance

Multiple Allele

Polygenic Trait

Homologous

Diploid

Haploid

Meiosis

Tetrad

Crossing-over

Zygote

Chapter 12- DNA

Transformation

Bacteriophage

Base pairing

Replication

DNA polymerase

Telomere

Chapter 13- RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA

Messenger RNA

Ribosomal RNA

Transfer RNA

Transcription

RNA polymerase

Promoter

Intron

Exon

Polypeptide

Genetic code

Codon

Translation

Anticodon

Gene expression

Mutation

Point Mutation

Frameshift Mutation

Mutagen

Polyploidy

Operon

Operator

RNA Interference

Differentiation

Homeotic Gene

Homeobox Gene

Hox Gene

Chapter 15- Genetic Engineering

Selective Breeding

Hybridization

Inbreeding

Biotechnology

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Recombinant DNA

Plasmid

Genetic Marker

Transgenic

Clone

Gene Therapy

DNA Microarray

DNA Fingerprinting

Forensics

Chapter 14- Human Heredity

Genome

Karyotype

Sex Chromosome

Autosome

Sex-linked Gene

Pedigree

Nondisjunction

Restriction Enzyme

Gel Electrophoresis

Bioinformatics

Genomics

Chapter 3- The Biosphere

Biosphere

Species

Population

Community

Ecology

Ecosystem

Biome

Biotic factor

Abiotic Factor

Autotroph

Primary Producer

Photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

Heterotroph

Consumer

Carnivore

Herbivore

Scavenger

Omnivore

Decomposer

Detritivore

Food Chain

Phytoplankton

Food Web

Zooplankton

Trophic level

Ecological Pyramid

Biomass

Biogeochemical Cycle

Nutrient

Nitrogen Fixation

Denitrification

Limiting Nutrient

Chapter 4- Ecosystems and Communities

Weather

Climate

Microclimate

Greenhouse Effect

Tolerance

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Predation

Herbivory

Keystone Species

Symbiosis

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalism

Ecological Succession

Primary Succession

Pioneer Species

Secondary Succession

Canopy

Understory

Deciduous

Coniferous

Humus

Taigo

Permafrost

Photic Zone

Aphotic Zone

Benthos

Plankton

Wetland Estuary

Chapter 5- Populations

Population Density

Age Structure

Immigration

Emigration

Exponential Growth

Logistic Growth

Carrying Capacity

Limiting Factor

Density-Dependent Limiting Factor

Density-Independent Limiting Factor

Demography

Demographic Transition

Chapter 6- Humans in the Biosphere

Monoculture

Renewable Resource

Nonrenewable Resource

Sustainable Development

Desertification

Deforestation

Pollutant

Biological Magnification

Smog

Acid Rain

Biodiversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Species Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Habitat Fragmentation

Ecological Hot Spot

Ecological Footprint

Ozone Layer

Aquaculture

Global Warming

Chapter 16- Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Evolution

Fossil

Artificial Selection

Adaption

Fitness

Natural Selection

Biogeography

Homologous Structure

Analogous Structure

Vestigial Structure

Chapter 17- Evolution of Populations

Gene Pool

Allele Frequency

Single-Gene Trait

Polygenic Trait

Directional Selection

Stabilizing Selection

Disruptive Selection

Genetic Drift

Bottleneck Effect

Founder Effect

Genetic Equilibrium

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Sexual Selection

Species

Sepciation

Reproductive Isolation

Behavioral Isolation

Geographic Isolation

Temporal Isolation

Molecular Clock

Chapter 19- The History of Life

Extinct

Paleontologist

Relative dating

Index fossil

Radiometric Dating

Half Life

Geologic Time Scale

Era

Period

Plate Tectonics

Macroevolutionary Patterns

Background Extinction

Mass Extinction

Gradualism

Punctuated Equilibrium

Adaptive Radiation

Convergent Evolution

Coevolution

Endosymbiotic Theory

Chapter 18-Classification

Binomial Nomenclature

Genus

Systematics

Taxon

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Kingdom

Phyogeny

Clade

Monophyletic Group

Cladogram

Derived Character

Domain

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

Chapters 22-24- Plant Physiology