Chapter 2 Practice

Chapter 2 Practice

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.Why did the population of Jamestown plummet between 1609 and the spring of 1610?

a. / The Algonquian Indians attacked and burned down much of the colony.
b. / The London Company closed the settlement because it wasn’t making a profit.
c. / A combination of famine, disease, and a harsh winter killed many in the colony.
d. / Infertile soil caused many settlers to seek better farmland in the middle colonies.

____2.How did the Powhatan Confederacy help the Jamestown colonists?

a. / The Powhatan taught the colonists how to grow North American crops such as corn.
b. / The Powhatan worked as indentured servants on plantations and farms.
c. / The Powhatan introduced a rare kind of tobacco that became popular in England.
d. / The Powhatan showed the colonists how to build better housing with adobe.

____3.What brought the Powhatan Confederacy to an end?

a. / A Virginia colonist killed a Powhatan leader.
b. / Englishman John Rolfe married Pocahontas, a Powhatan leader’s daughter.
c. / Nathaniel Bacon led angry colonists in burning American Indian villages.
d. / The English Crown canceled the London Company’s charter.

____4.How did the London Company’s “headright system” work?

a. / It attracted farmers, carpenters, and hunters to Virginia by paying their way and guaranteeing them work.
b. / It motivated colonists to stay in Virginia by promising 50 acres of land to anyone who devoted ten years to plantation work.
c. / It invited colonists to bring servants and relatives to Virginia by discounting fares for every additional person brought from England.
d. / It encouraged colonists to move to Virginia by giving 50 acres of land per person to individuals and groups who paid their own way.

____5.Why did many English Catholics come to America in the 1600s?

a. / to escape a kingdom that did not allow them to worship freely
b. / to protest England’s separation from the Roman Catholic Church
c. / to provide assistance to Catholic countries such as France and Spain
d. / to found a proprietary colony in a southern region of the New World

____6.Who proposed the Toleration Act of 1649, and why?

a. / the British, to restore order in Massachusetts after the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party
b. / Nathaniel Bacon, to prevent Jamestown’s indentured servants from rebelling against the Algonquian Indians
c. / the Puritans, to allow men to vote in their colonies even if they did not belong to God’s “elect”
d. / Lord Baltimore, to outlaw the restriction of the religious rights of Christians in Maryland

____7.Why was the Toleration Act of 1649 significant to America’s development?

a. / It stopped all conflicts between Catholics and Protestants and united them as American patriots.
b. / It symbolized the American value of protecting the freedom of individuals and minority groups.
c. / It provided an example of how a representative democracy can pass laws in a fair and just manner.
d. / It proved that conflicts over beliefs about God can be solved once-and-for-all by human beings.

____8.Which was a factor in Virginia colonists’ decision to use slave labor?

a. / They could purchase more land if they put more slaves to work.
b. / There were not enough indentured servants to meet the high demand for workers.
c. / There had not been a significant slave rebellion in the northern colonies.
d. / The cost of purchasing slaves had fallen dramatically.

____9.Which statement is true of the Southern colonies in the late 1600s?

a. / There were many large plantations and some small farms.
b. / African servants lived separately from white indentured servants.
c. / Skilled craftspeople were essential to the economy.
d. / The important cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo.

____10.Which colonies had the strictest slave codes?

a. / The colonies with the largest farming areas.
b. / The colonies with the most slaves.
c. / The colonies that had freed the most slaves.
d. / The colonies that had experienced rebellions.

____11.Which of the following statements fails to explain why the Pilgrims migrated to America?

a. / They tried to reform the Church of England because they thought bishops and priests had too much power over members.
b. / They wanted to escape from religious tension in England, which remained high after the Protestant Reformation.
c. / Some of them had tried to separate from the Church of England and feared punishment by English leaders.
d. / Some of them developed a new form of Protestantism and dreamed of founding a Church of New England.

____12.The Mayflower Compact could best be described as

a. / a detailed list of reasons why the Pilgrims left England for the United States.
b. / a trade contract between Great Britain and merchants in the Virginia colony.
c. / an early attempt at self-government in the English colonies.
d. / a basic agreement requiring colonists to obey Virginia law.

____13.What effect did the Mayflower Compact have on the development of constitutional democracy in America?

a. / It rested the authority of governments on covenants, or sacred agreements.
b. / It called for a separation of church from government.
c. / It allowed men who were not church members to vote.
d. / It stated that government must protect the religious rights of a small minority.

____14.What have some historians called minister Thomas Hooker?

a. / “the father of American democracy”
b. / “a member of God’s ‘elect’”
c. / “the fundamental leader of Connecticut”
d. / “the best in the ‘Society of Friends’”

____15.Anne Hutchinson believed that people could have a relationship with God without guidance from ministers. Why did that belief anger Puritan church leaders?

a. / Her idea challenged their views on religious toleration.
b. / Her idea posed a threat to their authority in the community.
c. / They didn’t believe that women should serve as ministers.
d. / They were certain she was a witch who should be put on trial.

____16.Which quotation best expresses the point of view of a New England colonist on education?

a. / “All children need to learn to read, write, and do arithmetic.”
b. / “Only a literate community can keep a record of its successes and failures for the benefit of future generations.”
c. / “Trade is important to our community, which means people have to be able to make simple calculations.”
d. / “All children need to be able to read the Bible.”

____17.Compared with the South, what disadvantage did New England farmers face?

a. / Regional farms did not support many cash crops.
b. / Few slaves were available to work the rich soil.
c. / Demand for farm labor could not be met by supply.
d. / Rules prevented raising animals for individual use.

____18.Which group did not participate in New England’s early economy?

a. / merchants / c. / manufacturers
b. / shipbuilders / d. / fishermen

____19.New England had plenty of forests. How does this fact connect to the economic importance of shipbuilding to the region?

a. / The supply of wood enabled shipbuilders to construct vessels to meet the demands of various traders.
b. / The protection offered by forests along the coast encouraged colonists to build a naval fleet to fight the British.
c. / Bundles of logs called “pick-up-sticks” were shipped cheaply to England and other colonies for a high fee.
d. / Shipbuilders sold the forests for a large sum to a joint stock company owned by a British paper manufacturer.

____20.How were the middle colonies different from the northern and southern colonies?

a. / There were Jews in the middle colonies.
b. / Most colonists there were fur traders.
c. / Generous land grants and religious tolerance brought people to the middle colonies.
d. / Most colonists there suffered religious persecution.

____21.What one thing made the middle colonies different from both northern and southern colonies?

a. / staple crops / c. / slave labor
b. / livestock / d. / indentured servants

____22.What contribution did slaves make to the economy of the middle colonies?

a. / They planted and harvested cash crops in the rocky soil.
b. / They worked in cities at skilled crafts such as blacksmithing and carpentry.
c. / They helped women run clothing and grocery shops.
d. / They earned money for their owners by selling products such as butter.

____23.The staple crops that supported the middle colonists included

a. / corn, tomatoes, and tobacco. / c. / wheat, oats, and barley.
b. / corn, indigo, and tobacco. / d. / wheat, rice, and barley.

____24.In large part, who filled the growing labor needs of the economy of the middle colonies?

a. / indentured servants / c. / apprentices
b. / slaves / d. / skilled craftsmen

____25.How did trade support the economy of the middle colonies?

a. / Merchants in Philadelphia and New York City exported wheat to foreign markets.
b. / Merchants sold dried corn and corn meal grown in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
c. / Merchants imported large quantities of molasses from Britain and the West Indies.
d. / Merchants traded indigo from Pennsylvania for barley and oats from the South.

____26.What was the objective of the English Bill of Rights?

a. / to limit the power of the English Parliament
b. / to reduce the power of the English Monarch
c. / to end the taxation of colonies without their consent
d. / to require colonists to trade only with England

____27.The political ideas of which event shaped the English Bill of Rights?

a. / the French and Indian War / c. / the Glorious Revolution
b. / the Enlightenment / d. / the Great Awakening

____28.What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?

a. / It led to the bloodless overthrow of James II.
b. / It influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.
c. / It emphasized the authority of the English monarchs.
d. / It resulted in the Committees of Correspondence.

____29.In European nations, the practice of carefully controlling trade to create and maintain wealth was called

a. / mercantilism. / c. / capitalism.
b. / brokering. / d. / profiteering.

____30.What was the purpose of the series of Navigation Acts passed by Parliament between 1650 and 1696?

a. / to require colonists to do their trading only with England
b. / to establish duties, or taxes, on items exported to the colonies
c. / to benefit the colonists by promoting a spirit of free trade
d. / to give England freedom to buy and sell goods in any market

____31.From the late 1600s to the early 1700s, colonists did all of the following to undermine British restrictions on trade, except

a. / complain to representatives of the Crown.
b. / smuggle sugar, molasses, and rum into the colonies.
c. / trade with plantation owners in the West Indies.
d. / charge taxes on goods exported to England.

____32.What was the Great Awakening?

a. / a movement of thinkers who believed in the idea that reason and logic could improve social and political life
b. / the migration of thousands of English people to the New England colonies and the Caribbean islands
c. / the series of witchcraft trials in which groups of young girls accused church ministers of casting spells
d. / a religious movement that swept through the colonies and changed colonial religion, society, and politics

____33.What effect did the ideas of the Great Awakening have on political life in the colonies during the 1730s?

a. / Jonathan Edwards’ sermons persuaded colonists to petition the royal governor, which led to the abolition of tariffs.
b. / Sermons on spiritual equality led colonists to ask for political equality, which set the stage for the American Revolution.
c. / Spiritual leaders argued that a social contract, or covenant, tied colonists to the British Crown in the eyes of God.
d. / George Whitefield preached against slavery, which soon caused slave uprisings against colonists in the South.

____34.What was the social impact of the Great Awakening?

a. / It unified various groups of Americans who shared evangelical beliefs.
b. / It led ministers to condemn non-believers and non-established religions to hell.
c. / It deepened misunderstandings between American Indians, slaves, and white settlers.
d. / It strengthened the cultural authority of the upper-class colonists.

____35.In 1753, who fought the British over settlements in the Ohio River Valley?

a. / the Spanish / c. / American Indians
b. / the French / d. / Canadians

____36.What event marked the start of the French and Indian War?

a. / George Washington surrendered to the French.
b. / The Seven Years’ War broke out in Europe.
c. / George Washington attacked the British in Quebec.
d. / Great Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris.

____37.How did the French and Indian War change the map of North America?

a. / The French gained all lands east of the Mississippi River.
b. / Britain received Florida from Spain.
c. / Spain received Louisiana from France.
d. / Canada gained all lands north of the Appalachian Mountains.

____38.In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act in response to Prime Minister George Grenville’s request to tax the colonists. Why did the British prime minister make that request?

a. / to replace British goods that had rotted because of a boycott
b. / to pay the costs of the Seven Years’ War
c. / to replace British ships that had been damaged by smugglers
d. / to pay the costs of the French and Indian War

____39.Colonists who were upset by Parliament’s effort to tax them might have made all of the following remarks, except which?

a. / “Just say ‘no’ to British goods!”
b. / “No one asked us if we wanted to be taxed!”
c. / “End the boycotts now!”
d. / “No Taxation without Representation!”

____40.Why was the Stamp Act of 1765 particularly upsetting to the colonists?

a. / It was the first time Parliament had tried to tax colonists directly.
b. / It was the first attempt by Parliament to tax exports, not just imports.
c. / To enforce it, Britain’s standing army used violence to frighten taxpayers.
d. / To enforce it, Britain placed its own judges on the benches of colonial courts.

____41.What event directly sparked the Boston Massacre?

a. / A crowd of sailors dared British troops to shoot at them.
b. / A British soldier standing guard hit a colonist during an argument.
c. / An African-American sailor shot and wounded a British soldier.
d. / Colonists spread negative propaganda about British troops.

____42.What was the significance of the Boston Tea Party?

a. / It showed how easily colonists could tell cheap tea from expensive tea.
b. / It showed how much colonists cared for tea in relation to other imports.
c. / It showed how unhappy colonists were with new British laws.
d. / It showed how angry colonists were even before the Boston Massacre.

____43.Why did Parliament repeal almost all of the Townshend Acts?

a. / It wanted to reduce tension in the colonies.
b. / It could make the same money on taxing tea as it could on almost all other goods.
c. / It wanted to give colonists a sense of independence.
d. / It could make more money paying to catch smugglers than paying to collect taxes.

____44.What word best describes the response of Britain’s Lord North to news of the Boston Tea Party?

a. / relieved / c. / disturbed
b. / impartial / d. / furious

____45.What did colonists call the Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament in spring of 1774?

a. / “the Intolerable Acts” / c. / “Acts of Cruelty”
b. / “the Tariff of Abominations” / d. / “Lord North’s Revenge”

____46.Massachusetts was punished for the Boston Tea Party in the following ways except which one?

a. / Its charter was canceled.
b. / Boston Harbor was closed.
c. / The governor had to approve when the legislature could meet.
d. / Bostonians had to search for and recover the discarded tea.

____47.Which best describes early life in Jamestown?

a. / wealth, comfort, building / c. / planning, skills, teamwork
b. / cold, disease, starvation / d. / success, profit, expansion

____48.Which of the following is not true of the colony of Pennsylvania?

a. / It was founded by William Penn.
b. / It means "the city of brotherly love."
c. / It served as an example of representative government.
d. / It was intended to provide a safe home for Quakers.

____49.The Toleration Act of 1649 was intended to protect the rights of Maryland's

a. / farmers. / c. / slaves.
b. / women. / d. / religious minorities.

____50.The economy of the southern colonies was largely based on

a. / agriculture. / c. / manufacturing.
b. / trade. / d. / tourism.

____51.What were colonists protesting in the Boston Tea Party?

a. / the Stamp Act / c. / the Townshend Acts
b. / the Intolerable Acts / d. / the Tea Act

____52.What event does the image above most likely represent

a. / a meeting of the Stamp Act Congress / c. / a meeting of the Sons of Liberty
b. / the Boston Massacre / d. / the Boston Tea Party

____53.The Great Awakening helped promote ideas of

a. / religious freedom. / c. / political equality.
b. / ending the slave trade. / d. / independence from Great Britain.

Completion

Complete each statement.

54.To raise money for maintaining a standing army in the colonies, Parliament decided to ______the colonies. (tax/sell)

55.The arguments of James Otis and ______could be summarized in the slogan "No taxation without representation."

(Samuel Adams/Roger Williams)

56.People who received a free trip to North America by agreeing to work without pay for a period of years were known as ______.

(indentured servants/imported slaves)

57.______protested the Jamestown governor’s policies toward Native Americans. (mayflower Compact/Bacon’s Rebellion)

58.Most of the southern colonies used ______to maintain control. (town meetings/slave codes)

59.______in Plymouth colony had more legal rights, such as property ownership, than they did in England. (Women/Children)

60.As a result of attacks on British forts by Native Americans, British leaders banned settlement in the ______. (North/West)

61.The ______who settled in Massachusetts believed they had promised God they would build an ideal Christian community. (Quakers/Puritans)

Matching

In the space provided, write the letter of the term, person, or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used.

a. / Boston Massacre / h. / Navigation Acts
b. / Boston Tea Party / i. / New York
c. / Chief Pontiac / j. / Plymouth
d. / Delaware / k. / Puritans
e. / Fundamental Orders of Connecticut / l. / Toleration Acts of 1649
f. / Georgia / m. / triangular trade
g. / Jamestown

____62.Leader who opposed British settlement in the frontier

____63.The first permanent British settlement in North America

____64.Event that led Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts

____65.Formerly a Dutch colony, this middle colony was seized by the British