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DAY 2
LOGOS(Safety & Your Vehicle)
Side Lights (white in front) & Tail Lights (red at back):
- Parked in fog
- Parked on road with speed limit over 30mph
- Broken down on hard shoulder
Rule 113
Also known as Parking Light
Dipped beam / Low beam / Headlights:
- Dark / Dusk / Dull / Poor visibility
- Can’t see more then 100m (Fog / Smoke)
- Rain / Rain spray / Misty
- Tunnels (Law)
- Motorbikes use during the day to be seen
Rule 115
Full beam / High beam /Main beam / Flashing headlights:
- Turn off if someone in front of you or passing you
(Switch back to dip)
- Can dazzle others
- If someone is overtaking you, then turn off as soon as they are next to you
Flashing headlights means:
- I am here (Does NOT mean giveway)
Rule 100
Front Rear
Fog lights: Rule: 114
- Can’t see more then 100m
- Does NOT help you to see
- Helps you to be seen
- Can be brighter than brake lights so drivers can’t tell if your brake lights are on or they are staying on
- Can dazzle others
Hazard lights:
- You have had a break down (Also on hard shoulder)
- Major hazard ahead
- Sudden braking ahead
- Being towed on motorway or unrestricted carriageway
Rule 116
Hand brake / Parking brake (Red):
- Hand brake is on or Faulty brakes
Brake fluid logo (Yellow):
- Fault with brakes
Battery logo (Red):
- Low battery
- Charging system faulty
Some Batteries:
- Fill just above the cells with distilled water
Engine Management Light (EML light):
- Fault with the engine
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MAINTENANCE(Safety & Your Vehicle)
Check tyres and oil etc. = once a month or before a long trip
Tyre pressure:
- Check when tyres are cold for accurate reading
- Check car user manual hand book or badge located in the car
- Use tyre pressure gauge
- Over inflate for long trip or more load / laden
Tyre tread (grip) depth (deep):
- Minimum 1.6mm
- Check in three quarters of the tyre around the tyre
Uneven tyre tread:
-Under inflated (not enough air in tyre)=
> Effects fuel (uses more), poor braking, causes heavy steering and sides of tyre wears out
- Over inflated =
> Effects control and middle of tyre wears out
- Poor alignment =
> Effects control and one side of tyre wears out
Suspension damaged =
Car will feel bouncy, effects control and tyre tread will be patchy
Steering:
- Car pulls to side when driving = check if your tyre is under inflated
- Car pulls to side when braking = Poor braking adjustment
- Poor tracking = uneven steering and car pulls to side
- Steering wobbles = loose wheel
-Steering wobbles / vibrates at high speed = Poor tyre balancing
Brake fluid Low:
- Brakes feel spongy weak brakes
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FIRST AID & ACCIDENTS
(Incidents, Accidents & Emergency’s)
DRS ABCD:
- Response =Ask questions, Squeeze shoulders
- Airway = Tilt head back, chin up to open air way & call 999 or 112
- Breathing =Check breathing for at least 10 seconds (Due to the last breath)
Compressions:
- Adults = 2 hands on top of each other locked together, 2 per second, 5-6cm deep,
- Child = 1 hand palm, be gentle
- Baby = 2 fingers together, be very gentle
Mouth to Mouth:
- Pinch nose and give 2 breaths that last 1 second after each set of compressions
- Gently for children / babies
- If baby then cover their nose and mouth with your mouth
The casualty:
- Don’t move them
- keep them warm
- Reassure them firmly
- No food or drink etc.
- Grey face & sweating means going into shock
Burns:
- Don’t remove anything stuck
- Dose (soak) for 10 minutes with cool non-toxic liquid
Unconscious but breathing put in the recovery position (1 leg and arm over)
Biker:
- Don’t move them
- Leave helmet on but open visor & don’t unzip jacket
- Warn traffic in path
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REV COUNTER
(Safety and your vehicle)
Low Revs:
- Low Power
- Low fuel use
- Use for slippery surface = less power = less spin)
High Revs:
- High Power
- To go fast
- Go uphill
- Go through a Ford (Water)
- High fuel use
To be ECO friendly:
- Low revs
- Change gears early
- Use high gears
- Skip gears
Revs will reduce slightly at biting point
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DOCUMENTS (Essential Documents)
Tell DVLA:
- Change name or address
- Health effects driving permanently
- Eye sight weaker
- Change vehicle
Vehicle Registration Certificate:
(Also known as V5 and Log Book)
- Keepers name and address
- Car make and model
- Engine size
DO NOT LEAVE IN CAR
Road Tax Disc / Vehicle Excise Duty:
To get one you need =
- Vehicle Registration Certificate
- Valid MOT
- Valid Insurance
Don’t want one:
- Park on private property
- Tell DVLA
- Called SORN - Statutory off Road Notification
MOT (Motor On Test):
By law car road worthy check
- Every year
- New cars not needed for the 1st 3 years, than you have to get it done yearly
- Can NOT drive without one unless on way to MOT appointment
- No MOT = Insurance invalid
Car insurance:
- Fine is Unlimited
- Insurance cover=
> Minimum is cover 3rd party (damage to others)
> 3rd party (Fire and Theft)
> Maximum cover is Fully Comprehensive
- Insurance Excess; Fee you pay to make a claim
- Cover note; Covers you for 1 month and you get before insurance certificate
Foreign license = 12 months
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ADVERSE (Bad / Strong) WEATHER:
(Road Conditions and Handling)
Moist / Damp / Wet / Rain:
Aqua (Water) Planning (Surfacing) = Steering and pedals get light because they get slippery
Ford Sign (Water on road):
- Look for Depth Gauge
- Low gear
- High revs
- Test brakes after going through (Rule 121)
Frost / Ice / Snow:
Tyres :
- Winter tyres
- Studded
- Snow chains
Black Ice = Invisible Ice
Control:
- Too slow down use = Engine braking (into lower gear) = Best for slippery surface
- Move off in 2nd gear = less power = less spin
- Use high gears = less power = less chance of spin
- Tyre pressure = under inflate (Less air) = More traction (grip)
SPEED LIMITS
(Rules of the Road)
Rule 124-125 gives you the speed limit table
National speed limit sign:
- Means national speed limit Applies
Motorway:
- 70mph
- 60mph for Trailers
Nothing slow allowed like:
- Mopeds/Scooters -50cc
- Red L-Plates (Leaner’s)
- Agriculture Vehicle’s (Tractors)Etc.
Rule 289-290
Trailers can’t use right lane of Motorway unless:
- Road work sign say so
- Lanes closures
Dual Carriageways:
- 70mph
- 60mph for Trailers
Single Carriageways:
- 60mph
- 50mph for Trailers
Usually Rural Area (Countryside)
If there’s no speed limit sign then:
- Street lights = 30mph
- Built up area = 30mph
- Narrow road = 20mph
- Schools = Usually 20mph
Traffic Calming Measure = Slow you down
- Speed humps
- Chicanes (Picture in rule 153)
Etc..
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ECO SAFE (Safety and your vehicle)
(Environmentally friendly driving and safe driving)
Catalytic Converter:
- in the Exhaust system:
- Reduces toxic / harmful / emissions / gasses / fumes from the engine
Driving smoothly saves fuel by 15%
UK emissions from transport is 20%
70mph uses more fuel then 50mph by 30%
Trams:
- Use electricity
- Reduces electricity
- Reduces noise pollution
Park & Ride: Park car and take the bus into city
Pollution can damage buildings
Noise is also pollution
H.O.V Lanes:
- High Occupancy Vehicle Lane also known as car pool lane. It’s to encourage people to share cars and use special lanes.
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YOUR VEHICLE (Safety and your vehicle / Alertness)
Blind spots:
- Over each shoulder
- Areas not covered by mirrors
- Behind each roof pillar
Y-Junction: Check blind spot
Exterior Mirrors: Convex glass:
- Good: Wider field of vision
- Bad: Objects seem smaller and further
Interior Mirror: Has Anti-Dazzle switch: Reduces dazzle from cars behind you
Horn:
- Do NOT use between 1130pm – 7am in built up area
- Use to alert of your presence=
> Hump Bridge (Usually no pavements, keep left)
> Someone reversing
> Blind corner
Traction Control Device to help you when loosing control:
ESP: Electronic Stability Program
ECS: Electronic Stability Control
Also known as ASC,
Diesel is very slippery
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CUTTING DOWN RISKS
(Hazards Awareness)
Tail gating:
- tail gating means when you follow to close or some follows you to close
- If someone is tail gating you = slow down
- If you can’t the Lorries mirrors then the lorry driver can’t see you
Emerging:
- Match the speed of the traffic
- If you see a vehicle emerging, try to change lanes to help emerging traffic
Do not undertake unless:
- There is a vehicle waiting to turn right
- One way street
- If traffic in all lanes is moving slowly
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CAR SECURITY
Following help:
- Etching windows (Vehicle reg. etched on to glass)
- Car immobiliser (Stops car from starting)
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THE DRIVER
(Rules of the Road / Attitude)
Supervise a drive:
- Age 21 or over
- Full license minimum 3 years
Learn to drive minimum aged over 17
Eye sight:
- Read new style number plates 20m away and old style 20.5m away. Rule 92
Pass Plus:
1. May improve your driving
2. May get discount on insurance
Green L and P plates mean new driver are optional
Maximum penalty points:
- 1st 2yrs 6 points
- 12 points after
Drink driving limit (Rule 95)
- Breath 35mg / 100ml
- Blood 80mg / 100ml
Alcohol effects:
- Poor judgement
- Reduced concentration
- Increased confidence (Risk taking)
Police will ask you to pull over by:
- Flashing headlights
- They will point with finger (usually to left)
Rule 106
Exempts from seat belt:
- Reversing
- Doctor note
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PASSENGER
Child seat / restraint:
- Deactivate airbag if child seat/restraint is rear facing and in the front seat
- -3ys old must use child restraint or seat
- 3yrs-12ys or under1.35 metres for front seat: must use child restraint and not adult seat belt. Rear seat: Use child restraint if available or adult seat belt if not.
Rule 100
Seat belts / Restraints Rule 99:
Driver responsible for anyone aged 13 or under to wear a seatbelt.
Passenger responsible for seat belt, if they are aged 14 or over.
Rule 99
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LIGHTS ON VEHICLES
Doctor = Green
Flashing blue:
- Police
- Ambulance
- Fire
- Coast guard
- Bomb disposal
- Mountain rescue
- Blood transfusion
Flashing amber:
- Waste disposal collection
- Road cleaning
- Road works
- Road maintenance
- Break down recovery service
- Snow ploughs
- Salt grit spreading
- Traffic Officer / Highway Patrol
- DVSA / VOSA
-Tractor (Agriculture)
Back of Police:
- Flash Blue and red
Back of highway patrol:
- Flash Amber and red
Power to redirect you=
- Traffic Officer / Highway Patrol
- DVSA / VOSA
- Traffic Warden