Unit Organizer: The Gilded Age: 1870—1900
The Big Picture:
After the Civil War, the United States experienced national and regional changes. In the South, Reconstruction came to an end and Jim Crow laws and sharecropping became the norm. In the West, miners, ranchers, and homesteaders flooded into the frontier aided by expanded railroad networks, government incentives, and the destruction of the Plains Indians. By 1890, the western frontier and Indian resistance came to an end. In the North (and Midwest), the U.S. experienced an industrial revolution in railroads, oil, steel, and electricity. During this era, modern corporations and monopolies were formed; Southern and Eastern European immigrants flooded to America; Nativism increased; urbanization led to skyscrapers, slums, political machines. During the Gilded Age, national politicians protected corporate America and the status quo and failed to meet the needs of Native Americans, unions, urban immigrants, African-Americans, and the Populists.Last Unit:
The Civil War and Reconstruction(1861—1877) /
Current Unit:
The Gilded Age(1870—1900) /
Next Unit:
Progressive Reform(1890—1920)
Assessments : / Key Terms and Phrases:
1. Vocabulary
2. Sequence and Chronology
3. Political Cartoon Analysis
4. Primary Sources
5. Graphs/Charts Analysis
6. Maps/Photos Analysis
7. CER Writing
8. Unit Summative Assessments / 1. Gilded Age
2. John Rockefeller/Standard Oil
3. Andrew Carnegie/Carnegie Steel
4. Monopoly/Trust
5. Robber Barons
6. Horizontal and Vertical integration
7. Thomas Edison
8. Ellis & Angel Islands
9. New Immigrants
10. Nativism
11. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
12. Urbanization
13. Political Boss & Machines
14. Boss Tweed/Tammany Hall / 15. Union
16. Knights of Labor
17. Eugene V. Debs
18. Samuel Gompers/American
Federation of Labor
19. Sweatshops
20. Homestead, Haymarket, and
Pullman strikes
21. Transcontinental Railroad
22. W.E.B. DuBois
23. Booker T. Washington
24. Jim Crow Laws
25. Sharecropping
26. Plessy v Ferguson
Essentials Questions:
1. How did innovation, industrialization, and corporations change America during the Gilded Age?
2. What was the impact of urbanization and immigration on America during the Gilded Age?
3. What impact did the end of Reconstruction have on the South during the Gilded Age?
4. How did American migration into the West impact the economy, society (Americans, Native Americans, immigrants), politics, and the frontier?
5. In what ways was the Gilded Age a struggle between the “haves” and the “have nots”? / Text Pages
228-301
Standards:
6.1 Growth of an Industrial and Urban America: I can explain the causes and consequences – both positive and negative – of the Industrial Revolution and America’s growth from a predominantly agricultural, commercial, and rural nation to a more industrial and urban nation between 1870 and 1930.
6.1.1 Factors in the American Second Industrial Revolution – I can analyze the factors that enabled the US to become a major industrial power, including:
• organizational “revolution” (e.g., development of corporations and labor organizations)
• economic policies of government and industrial leaders
• advantages of physical geography
• increase in labor through immigration and migration
• the growing importance of the automobile industry.
6.1.2 Labor’s Response to Industrial Growth – I can evaluate the different responses of labor to industrial change including:
● the development of organized labor (e.g., Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, and the United Mine Workers)
● the growth of populism and the populist movement.
6.1.3 Urbanization – I can explain the causes and consequences of urbanization including:
• the location and expansion of major urban centers and the link to industry and trade
• internal migration, including the Great Migration
• the development of cities divided by race, ethnicity and class
• resulting tensions among and within groups
• different perspectives about the immigrant experience
6.1.4 Growth and Change– I can explain the social, political, economic, and cultural shifts taking place in the U.S. at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century by:
• describing the developing system of transportation (Transcontinental Railroad) and its impact on the economy and soci
• describing governmental policies promoting economic development
• evaluating the treatment of African Americans, including the rise of segregation in the South as endorsed by the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, and describing the response of African Americans to this inequality
• describing the policies toward American Indians, including removal, reservations, the Dawes Act of 1887, and the response of American Indians
Reading Guide The Gilded Age
Chapter 6 Section 1
1. What three factors enabled the United States to become the world’s leading industrial power by the 1920s?
2. What invention caused gasoline to go from a byproduct of oil refining to the main product refined from oil?
3. What process was used to remove carbon from molten iron which produces steel?
4. In what city was the first steel frame skyscraper built?
5. Who invented the incandescent light bulb and a system of reliably delivering electricity?
6. What was Alexander Graham Bell’s contribution to mankind in the 1870s?
Chapter 6 Section 2
7. What immigrant group was primarily responsible for the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad line?
8. What caused the creation of standard time zones in the USA (Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific)?
9. What (or who) was a “magnate?”
10. The Credit Mobilier scandal involved the corrupt construction of what?
11. The Interstate Commerce Commission was created in 1887 in order to regulate:
12. As a result of the Panic of 1893, how many Americans lost their jobs by 1895?
Chapter 6 Section 3
13. What was Andrew Carnegie’s claim to fame?
14. What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration?
15. Define LAISSEZ FAIRE:
16. According to Social Darwinism, poor people must be:
17. Define MONOPOLY:
18. Who created the oil trust, gaining control of America’s oil industry?
19. Define CAPITAL:
20. Who was the first leader of the American Federation of Labor?
21. What economic and political system is based on government control of business and property and the equal distribution of wealth?
22. In what way were the Haymarket Affair and the Homestead Strike similar?
23. What act of Congress, created to prevent the establishment of industrial trusts, was used by business owners to stop union activities such as strikes (claiming a strike interfered with interstate trade)?
Chapter 7 Section 1
24. In the 1890s, what change began to occur in European immigration to the United States?
25. When did Congress first act to restrict Chinese immigration?
26. How did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 increase in Mexican immigration to the U.S.?
27. What is Ellis Island?
28. Define NATIVISM:
29. The Gentlemen’s Agreement led to restricted immigration from what coun
Chapter 7 Section 2
30. In what regions of the United States did most urbanization occur during the late 19th century?
31. Between 1890 and 1910, how many African – Americans left the South for the north and west?
32. Define TENEMENTS:
33. What water borne diseases were common in urban areas in the late 1800s?
34. What city established the first full time fire department in the United States?
35. Who were the founders of Hull House?
Chapter 7 Section 3
36. Whose book The Gilded Age described the excesses of the late 1800s?
37. Who was atop the “pyramid” of the political machine?
38. Who became the head of Tammany Hall in 1868?
39. Define PATRONAGE:
40. Who were the Republican Stalwarts?
41. What act of Congress was the beginning of the end of patronage?
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1
42. WHAT 2 FACTORS ALLOWED FOR THE BUILDING OF SKYSCRAPERS?
-WHAT ARE SKYSCRAPERS?
43. WHAT PRACTICAL PROBLEM DID BUILDING SKYSCRAPERS SOLVE?
44. HOW DID ELECTRICITY TRANSFORM URBAN TRANSPORTATION & ALLOW FOR
SUBURBAN GROWTH?
-WHAT ARE SUBURBS?
45. WHY IS THE DESIGN OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO SEEN AS SUCH A SUCCESS?
46. EXPLAIN WHAT NEW TECHNOLOGIES HELPED TO SPEED THE TRANSFER OF
INFORMATION & HOW?
47. DESCRIBE THE EVENTS SURROUNDING DECEMBER 17, 1903 AT KITTY HAWK,
N.C.?
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2
48. WHY IS A GOOD PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM SEEN TO BE AN IMPORTANT
ASPECT OF AMERICAN SOCIETY?
49. WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF HIGH SCHOOLS?
50. COMPARE & CONTRAST THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF
AFRICAN-AMERICANS & IMMIGRANTS DURING THE EARLY 1900’S.
51. COMPARE & CONTRAST BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S & W. E. B. DUBOIS’ VIEWS
ABOUT EDUCATION & AFRICAN-AMERICANS.
52. WHAT MADE WASHINGTON & DUBOIS SUCH IMPORTANT AFRICAN-AMERICAN
LEADERS?
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 3
53. IDA B. WELLS LED PROTESTS AGAINST WHAT PRACTICE?
54. LIST & EXPLAIN METHODS USED BY SOUTHERN WHITES TO PREVENT BLACKS
FROM VOTING.
55. HOW DID THE “GRANDFATHER CLAUSE” BENEFIT WHITES BUT NOT BLACKS
WHEN IT CAME TO VOTING?
56. WHAT WERE JIM CROW LAWS?
-WHERE COULD THESE LAWS BE FOUND IN SOCIETY?
57. DESCRIBE THE EVENTS INVOLVED IN THE CASE OF PLESSY V. FERGUSON OF
1896.
58. HOW DID THE COURT CASE OF PLESSY V. FERGUSON HELP TO STRENGTHEN JIM
CROW LAWS & LEGAL SEGREGATION?
-WHAT DOCTRINE WAS CREATED WITH THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION?
59. WHAT IS THE N. A. A. C. P. ?
-WHEN WAS IT CREATED? WHY?
60. HOW WAS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE MEXICAN IMMIGRANT SIMILAR TO THE
EXPERIENCE OF OTHER IMMIGRANTS?
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 4
61. WHAT LEISURE ACTIVITIES BECAME POPULAR WITH AMERICANS AT THE
TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY?
-WHAT CLASS OF PEOPLE BENEFITED THE MOST FROM THESE ACTIVITIES? WHY?
62. HOW DID SUSAN B. ANTHONY DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF THE BICYCLE ON
WOMEN’S EMANCIPATION? WHY WAS THAT?
63. DESCRIBE THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN SHOPPING AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH
CENTURY.
64. SUMMARIZE THE MAJOR CHANGES THAT OCCURRED IN THE LIVES OF
AMERICANS AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY.
65. WHAT WAS A MAJOR CAUSE FOR THE CULTURAL CHANGES IN AMERICAN AT
THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY?
66. IF YOU WENT TO A NICKELODEON, WHAT ARE YOU DOING?