Figure A1. Time Series of Dalmatian Toadflax Stem Density (Blue Line) and Weevil Abundance

Figure A1. Time series of Dalmatian toadflax stem density (blue line) and weevil abundance (red line) at 34 sites across Idaho USA.

Table A1. Model coefficients (±SE) and associated P-values estimating the site-level trendsin Dalmatian toadflax cover (log) as a function of years after release of Mecinus janthiformis.

Site Name / Intercept / Years since release / Model R2 / No. years monitored
β0 / P / Β1 / P
Baldy Palisades / 3.49 ± 0.35 / <0.001 / -0.29 ± 0.05 / <0.001 / 0.83 / 9
Battle Creek / 2.29 ± 0.62 / 0.034 / -0.07 ± 0.12 / 0.610 / -0.20 / 5
Bear Lake / 2.45 ± 0.91 / 0.042 / -0.17 ± 0.14 / 0.276 / 0.08 / 7
Big Wood / 2.88 ± 0.18 / <0.001 / -0.14 ± 0.03 / 0.001 / 0.76 / 9
Blackhawk Bar / 8.19 ± 1.92 / 0.024 / -0.92 ± 0.27 / 0.042 / 0.73 / 5
Caribou / 4.31 ± 0.75 / 0.001 / -0.34 ± 0.1 / 0.017 / 0.58 / 8
Center Canyon 01 / 5.47 ± 0.89 / 0.009 / -0.88 ± 0.21 / 0.024 / 0.81 / 5
Center Canyon 02 / 4.43 ± 0.71 / 0.008 / -0.76 ± 0.17 / 0.020 / 0.83 / 5
Center Canyon 03 / 3.32 ± 0.77 / 0.023 / -0.63 ± 0.18 / 0.041 / 0.73 / 5
Cold Springs / 2.89 ± 0.47 / 0.001 / -0.32 ± 0.09 / 0.014 / 0.61 / 8
Cove Ranch / 2.39 ± 0.18 / <0.001 / -0.03 ± 0.05 / 0.592 / -0.13 / 7
Cuprum / 2.59 ± 0.41 / 0.001 / -0.21 ± 0.08 / 0.047 / 0.50 / 7
Doty / 2.55 ± 0.56 / 0.003 / -0.07 ± 0.05 / 0.212 / 0.10 / 9
Hammer Creek / 3.23 ± 1.82 / 0.175 / -0.54 ± 0.43 / 0.296 / 0.13 / 5
Hayden / 2.46 ± 0.79 / 0.017 / -0.23 ± 0.12 / 0.095 / 0.25 / 9
Helispot / 1.37 ± 0.52 / 0.034 / -0.04 ± 0.05 / 0.426 / -0.04 / 9
Huck / 3.17 ± 0.58 / 0.001 / -0.2 ± 0.05 / 0.006 / 0.63 / 9
Idaho Border / 2.54 ± 0.30 / <0.001 / -0.34 ± 0.07 / 0.003 / 0.76 / 8
Idaho Hill Transfer / 2.4 ± 0.43 / 0.001 / -0.27 ± 0.10 / 0.040 / 0.45 / 8
Lake Creek / 1.38 ± 0.10 / <0.001 / 0.08 ± 0.02 / 0.002 / 0.73 / 9
Little Salmon River 01 / 2.27 ± 0.22 / 0.002 / -0.42 ± 0.09 / 0.018 / 0.84 / 5
Little Salmon River 02 / 2.58 ± 0.42 / 0.009 / -0.76 ± 0.17 / 0.021 / 0.82 / 5
Lone Mountain / 2.4 ± 0.32 / <0.001 / -0.28 ± 0.05 / 0.001 / 0.80 / 9
Lyons Bar 01 / 4.09 ± 0.62 / 0.007 / -0.27 ± 0.09 / 0.053 / 0.68 / 5
Patterson / 3.5 ± 1.83 / 0.151 / -0.39 ± 0.22 / 0.182 / 0.33 / 5
Pine Bar / 2.78 ± 0.38 / <0.001 / -0.2 ± 0.05 / 0.007 / 0.63 / 9
Pine Creek / 2.54 ± 0.34 / <0.001 / -0.19 ± 0.04 / 0.003 / 0.77 / 8
Port Hill / 2.12 ± 0.47 / 0.003 / -0.07 ± 0.07 / 0.387 / -0.02 / 9
Rice Creek / 3.64 ± 0.82 / 0.004 / -0.38 ± 0.12 / 0.019 / 0.57 / 8
Slate Creek / 6.46 ± 1.09 / 0.010 / -0.53 ± 0.11 / 0.016 / 0.85 / 5
Snake River Breaks / 2.34 ± 0.48 / 0.002 / -0.29 ± 0.07 / 0.006 / 0.64 / 9
Squaw Creek 01 / 2.88 ± 0.16 / <0.001 / -0.69 ± 0.07 / 0.002 / 0.96 / 5
Ten Ax / 4.39 ± 0.64 / <0.001 / -0.33 ± 0.06 / 0.001 / 0.80 / 9
Whitebird / 0.34 ± 1.15 / 0.789 / 0.11 ± 0.21 / 0.641 / -0.22 / 5

Table A2. Model coefficients (±SE) and associated P-values estimating the site-level trends in native forb cover(log) as a function of years after release of Mecinus janthiniformis.

Site Name / Intercept / Years since release / Model R2 / No. years monitored
β0 / P / Β1 / P
Baldy Palisades / 2.96 ± 0.37 / <0.001 / 0.04 ± 0.05 / 0.456 / -0.05 / 9
Battle Creek / 0.27 ± 0.70 / 0.722 / 0.22 ± 0.14 / 0.200 / 0.30 / 5
Bear Lake / 2.93 ± 0.91 / 0.024 / -0.21 ± 0.14 / 0.190 / 0.18 / 7
Big Wood / 1.6 ± 0.42 / 0.007 / -0.04 ± 0.06 / 0.580 / -0.09 / 9
Blackhawk Bar / 1.7 ± 0.71 / 0.097 / -0.03 ± 0.10 / 0.766 / -0.29 / 5
Caribou / 3.34 ± 0.51 / 0.001 / -0.2 ± 0.07 / 0.029 / 0.51 / 8
Center Canyon 01 / 1.73 ± 0.84 / 0.132 / 0.15 ± 0.20 / 0.504 / -0.12 / 5
Center Canyon 02 / 3.84 ± 0.75 / 0.015 / -0.2 ± 0.18 / 0.351 / 0.05 / 5
Center Canyon 03 / 3.43 ± 0.21 / <0.001 / 0.02 ± 0.05 / 0.647 / -0.23 / 5
Cold Springs / 1.77 ± 0.21 / <0.001 / 0.03 ± 0.04 / 0.437 / -0.05 / 8
Cove Ranch / 1.4 ± 0.27 / 0.003 / -0.24 ± 0.07 / 0.022 / 0.62 / 7
Cuprum / 3.68 ± 0.20 / <0.001 / -0.11 ± 0.04 / 0.045 / 0.50 / 7
Doty / 0.27 ± 0.85 / 0.760 / 0.18 ± 0.07 / 0.048 / 0.37 / 9
Hammer Creek / 0.41 ± 1.37 / 0.786 / 0.14 ± 0.32 / 0.697 / -0.26 / 5
Hayden / 1.6 ± 0.48 / 0.012 / 0.04 ± 0.07 / 0.615 / -0.10 / 9
Helispot / 1.6 ± 0.47 / 0.011 / 0.12 ± 0.04 / 0.028 / 0.45 / 9
Huck / 2.71 ± 0.52 / 0.001 / 0.02 ± 0.05 / 0.727 / -0.12 / 9
Idaho Border / 0.4 ± 0.43 / 0.393 / -0.04 ± 0.10 / 0.742 / -0.14 / 8
Idaho Hill Transfer / 3.13 ± 0.29 / <0.001 / -0.16 ± 0.07 / 0.057 / 0.39 / 8
Lake Creek / 3.48 ± 0.13 / <0.001 / 0.03 ± 0.02 / 0.224 / 0.09 / 9
Little Salmon River 01 / 2.93 ± 0.21 / 0.001 / -0.04 ± 0.09 / 0.685 / -0.25 / 5
Little Salmon River 02 / 1.85 ± 0.28 / 0.007 / -0.14 ± 0.11 / 0.305 / 0.12 / 5
Lone Mountain / 1.79 ± 0.37 / 0.002 / -0.06 ± 0.06 / 0.326 / 0.01 / 9
Lyons Bar 01 / 4.01 ± 2.12 / 0.155 / -0.34 ± 0.3 / 0.336 / 0.07 / 5
Patterson / 3.54 ± 2.22 / 0.209 / -0.15 ± 0.27 / 0.632 / -0.22 / 5
Pine Bar / 2.53 ± 0.46 / 0.001 / 0.09 ± 0.06 / 0.200 / 0.11 / 9
Pine Creek / 3.77 ± 0.84 / 0.004 / -0.09 ± 0.10 / 0.364 / -0.01 / 8
Port Hill / 1.71 ± 0.35 / 0.002 / 0.02 ± 0.05 / 0.730 / -0.12 / 9
Rice Creek / 2.11 ± 0.48 / 0.005 / -0.17 ± 0.07 / 0.055 / 0.40 / 8
Slate Creek / 2.44 ± 0.43 / 0.011 / 0 ± 0.04 / 0.926 / -0.33 / 5
Snake River Breaks / 1.64 ± 0.57 / 0.023 / 0.02 ± 0.09 / 0.818 / -0.13 / 9
Squaw Creek 01 / 3.03 ± 0.22 / 0.001 / -0.22 ± 0.09 / 0.096 / 0.54 / 5
Ten Ax / 1.27 ± 0.61 / 0.077 / 0.09 ± 0.05 / 0.150 / 0.17 / 9
Whitebird / 1.3 ± 0.53 / 0.093 / -0.15 ± 0.10 / 0.209 / 0.28 / 5

Table A3. Model coefficients (±SE) and associated P-values estimating the site-level trendsin native, perennial grass cover (log) as a function of years after release of Mecinus janthiformis.

Site Name / Intercept / Years since release / Model R2 / No. years monitored
β0 / P / Β1 / P
Baldy Palisades / 1.5 ± 0.76 / 0.087 / 0.01 ± 0.10 / 0.903 / -0.14 / 9
Battle Creek / 2.87 ± 0.87 / 0.046 / -0.03 ± 0.17 / 0.857 / -0.32 / 5
Bear Lake / 3.85 ± 0.52 / 0.001 / -0.03 ± 0.08 / 0.735 / -0.17 / 7
Big Wood / 0.68 ± 0.82 / 0.434 / 0.07 ± 0.13 / 0.578 / -0.09 / 9
Blackhawk Bar / 5.05 ± 2.25 / 0.111 / -0.45 ± 0.32 / 0.251 / 0.20 / 5
Caribou / 1.01 ± 1.00 / 0.354 / 0.20 ± 0.14 / 0.204 / 0.13 / 8
Center Canyon 01 / 0 ± 0 / 0 ± 0 / 5
Center Canyon 02 / 0 ± 0 / 0 ± 0 / 5
Center Canyon 03 / 2.27 ± 0.52 / 0.022 / -0.26 ± 0.12 / 0.119 / 0.48 / 5
Cold Springs / 3.80 ± 0.24 / <0.001 / -0.14 ± 0.05 / 0.026 / 0.52 / 8
Cove Ranch / 0.58 ± 0.38 / 0.186 / 0.02 ± 0.10 / 0.888 / -0.19 / 7
Cuprum / 1.76 ± 0.22 / 0.001 / 0.13 ± 0.04 / 0.033 / 0.56 / 7
Doty / 1.40 ± 0.45 / 0.016 / 0.07 ± 0.04 / 0.111 / 0.23 / 9
Hammer Creek / 0.87 ± 1.39 / 0.575 / 0.15 ± 0.33 / 0.680 / -0.25 / 5
Hayden / 3.51 ± 0.42 / <0.001 / -0.18 ± 0.06 / 0.026 / 0.46 / 9
Helispot / 2.55 ± 0.69 / 0.008 / -0.02 ± 0.06 / 0.760 / -0.13 / 9
Huck / 2.73 ± 0.44 / <0.001 / -0.05 ± 0.04 / 0.252 / 0.07 / 9
Idaho Border / 2.02 ± 0.42 / 0.003 / -0.03 ± 0.10 / 0.743 / -0.14 / 8
Idaho Hill Transfer / 1.21 ± 0.18 / 0.001 / 0.08 ± 0.04 / 0.105 / 0.27 / 8
Lake Creek / 2.34 ± 0.27 / <0.001 / -0.11 ± 0.04 / 0.034 / 0.43 / 9
Little Salmon River 01 / 1.71 ± 0.13 / 0.001 / -0.14 ± 0.06 / 0.086 / 0.57 / 5
Little Salmon River 02 / 0 ± 0 / 0 ± 0 / 5
Lone Mountain / 2.16 ± 0.27 / <0.001 / 0.1 ± 0.04 / 0.048 / 0.37 / 9
Lyons Bar 01 / -2.70 ± 1.86 / 0.242 / 0.45 ± 0.26 / 0.182 / 0.33 / 5
Patterson / -0.20 ± 2.74 / 0.945 / 0.14 ± 0.34 / 0.705 / -0.26 / 5
Pine Bar / 0.76 ± 0.32 / 0.047 / 0 ± 0.04 / 0.915 / -0.14 / 9
Pine Creek / 0.79 ± 0.50 / 0.165 / 0.18 ± 0.06 / 0.020 / 0.56 / 8
Port Hill / 1.53 ± 0.90 / 0.135 / 0.04 ± 0.14 / 0.755 / -0.13 / 9
Rice Creek / 1.70 ± 0.36 / 0.003 / 0.05 ± 0.05 / 0.375 / -0.01 / 8
Slate Creek / -1.29 ± 1.72 / 0.508 / 0.22 ± 0.17 / 0.287 / 0.14 / 5
Snake River Breaks / -0.14 ± 0.25 / 0.588 / 0.09 ± 0.04 / 0.048 / 0.37 / 9
Squaw Creek 01 / -0.08 ± 0.52 / 0.890 / 0.24 ± 0.21 / 0.341 / 0.06 / 5
Ten Ax / 3.72 ± 0.54 / <0.001 / -0.07 ± 0.05 / 0.203 / 0.11 / 9
Whitebird / -0.58 ± 0.35 / 0.198 / 0.21 ± 0.06 / 0.046 / 0.71 / 5

Table A4. Model coefficients (±SE) and associated P-values estimating the site-level trendsin other exotic weed cover (log)as a function of years after release of Mecinus janthiformis.

Site Name / Intercept / Years since release / Model R2 / No. years monitored
β0 / P / Β1 / P
Baldy Palisades / 2.08 ± 0.56 / 0.007 / 0.01 ± 0.07 / 0.922 / -0.14 / 9
Battle Creek / 1.42 ± 0.44 / 0.049 / 0.22 ± 0.09 / 0.079 / 0.59 / 5
Bear Lake / 1.14 ± 1.36 / 0.443 / 0.10 ± 0.21 / 0.651 / -0.15 / 7
Big Wood / 1.29 ± 0.91 / 0.201 / 0.06 ± 0.14 / 0.673 / -0.11 / 9
Blackhawk Bar / 2.24 ± 0.22 / 0.002 / 0.25 ± 0.03 / 0.004 / 0.94 / 5
Caribou / 1.51 ± 0.67 / 0.065 / 0.13 ± 0.09 / 0.204 / 0.13 / 8
Center Canyon 01 / 2.36 ± 0.16 / 0.001 / 0.28 ± 0.04 / 0.005 / 0.93 / 5
Center Canyon 02 / 3.03 ± 0.15 / <0.001 / 0.14 ± 0.03 / 0.026 / 0.80 / 5
Center Canyon 03 / 3.0 ± 0.18 / <0.001 / 0.07 ± 0.04 / 0.198 / 0.30 / 5
Cold Springs / 1.44 ± 0.33 / 0.005 / 0.18 ± 0.07 / 0.032 / 0.49 / 8
Cove Ranch / 2.57 ± 0.26 / <0.001 / 0.05 ± 0.07 / 0.505 / -0.09 / 7
Cuprum / 0.66 ± 0.57 / 0.294 / 0.14 ± 0.11 / 0.269 / 0.08 / 7
Doty / 3.11 ± 0.82 / 0.007 / -0.04 ± 0.07 / 0.623 / -0.10 / 9
Hammer Creek / 0.82 ± 1.39 / 0.596 / 0.04 ± 0.33 / 0.910 / -0.33 / 5
Hayden / 0.41 ± 1.07 / 0.711 / 0.25 ± 0.16 / 0.173 / 0.14 / 9
Helispot / 2.02 ± 0.56 / 0.009 / -0.03 ± 0.05 / 0.599 / -0.10 / 9
Huck / 1.51 ± 0.76 / 0.086 / 0.03 ± 0.07 / 0.634 / -0.10 / 9
Idaho Border / 2.28 ± 0.68 / 0.015 / 0.14 ± 0.16 / 0.427 / -0.04 / 8
Idaho Hill Transfer / 2.03 ± 0.22 / <0.001 / 0.23 ± 0.05 / 0.004 / 0.73 / 8
Lake Creek / 0.10 ± 0.28 / 0.722 / 0 ± 0.04 / 1.000 / -0.14 / 9
Little Salmon River 01 / 2.41 ± 0.16 / 0.001 / 0.17 ± 0.07 / 0.080 / 0.59 / 5
Little Salmon River 02 / 3.47 ± 0.15 / <0.001 / 0.19 ± 0.06 / 0.054 / 0.68 / 5
Lone Mountain / 3.88 ± 0.31 / <0.001 / -0.09 ± 0.05 / 0.087 / 0.27 / 9
Lyons Bar 01 / 2.23 ± 0.51 / 0.022 / 0.21 ± 0.07 / 0.061 / 0.65 / 5
Patterson / -1.62 ± 1.11 / 0.241 / 0.52 ± 0.14 / 0.033 / 0.77 / 5
Pine Bar / 3.85 ± 0.29 / <0.001 / -0.09 ± 0.04 / 0.046 / 0.38 / 9
Pine Creek / -1.21 ± 0.62 / 0.100 / 0.26 ± 0.07 / 0.010 / 0.64 / 8
Port Hill / 2.8 ± 0.93 / 0.020 / -0.17 ± 0.14 / 0.271 / 0.05 / 9
Rice Creek / 3.43 ± 0.42 / <0.001 / -0.02 ± 0.06 / 0.781 / -0.15 / 8
Slate Creek / 2.76 ± 0.51 / 0.012 / 0.06 ± 0.05 / 0.289 / 0.14 / 5
Snake River Breaks / 1.27 ± 0.67 / 0.099 / 0.23 ± 0.10 / 0.058 / 0.34 / 9
Squaw Creek 01 / 3.49 ± 0.22 / 0.001 / 0.10 ± 0.09 / 0.358 / 0.04 / 5
Ten Ax / -0.28 ± 0.55 / 0.625 / 0.04 ± 0.05 / 0.476 / -0.06 / 9
Whitebird / 4.01 ± 0.15 / <0.001 / -0.13 ± 0.03 / 0.015 / 0.86 / 5