American Psychological Association, 5Th Edition

American Psychological Association, 5th Edition – Reference Sheet

REFERENCES (GENERAL):

·  The references list is ordered alphabetically, with the first author’s last name taking precedent. Articles by the same author are ordered from oldest to most recent.

·  In the case of two articles by the same author with the same date use (2001a), (2001b).

·  Double-space each reference with an indentation for each line after the first.

Journal Articles

·  Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper nouns; do not italicize the title or place quotation marks around it.

·  Finish each element with a period.

Journal article; one author

Parry, D. (2005). Leisure as resistance. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(2), 133-151.

Journal article, two authors

Shores, K. A., & Scott, D. (2005). Leisure constraints among military wives. Journal of Park

and Recreation Administration, 23(3), 1-24.

Journal article, three to six authors

Coble, T. G., Selin, S. W., & Erickson, B. B. (2003). Hiking alone: Understanding fear,

negotiation strategies and leisure experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(1), 1-22.

·  If a journal article has six or more authors, use et al. after the sixth author’s name and initial to indicate the remaining authors.

Books and Book Chapters

·  Book titles are italicized. The same rules apply with title capitalization.

Book

Beck, C. A. J., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects.

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Book, third edition, Jr. in name

Mitchell, T. R., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (1987). People in organizations: An introduction to

organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Article or chapter in an edited book

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adoptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L.

Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330).

Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Electronic Resources

·  The retrieval date and URL (web address) are imperative in this type of reference.

Article in an Internet-only journal

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-

being. Prevention and Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from

http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html

Stand-alone document, no author identified, no date

GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. (n.d). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/

IN-TEXT CITATIONS:

One author

As Weatherall (2000) noted, pronatalist ideology has reinforced dominant social beliefs about motherhood.

Control and Prevention found the 9.3 million women were utilizing infertility sources by 1995 (Horvath, 1999).

Two authors

The other is immediate conscious experience approach (Mannell & Iso-Ahola, 1987).

·  In the case of six or more authors, cite only the first author followed by et al.

·  Subsequent citations of three to five authors also use only the first author followed by et al.

One Author, two articles being referenced at once

This study utilizes reversal theory (Apter, 1982, 1989).

One statement, different articles/references

Given the apolitical nature of most leisure research (Coalter, 1999; Shaw, 2001), women’s leisure facilitates a deeper examination of ideological structures of society.

QUOTATIONS:

·  Short quotations (fewer than 40 words) are incorporated into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks. The period placement is beyond the reference.

She stated, “Dominant cultural ideologies play a powerful role in the lives of women” (Parry, 2005, p. 133).

Parry (2005) found that “women in the study deliberately sought out pursuits that made them feel better” (p. 147).

·  Quotations of 40 or more words are displayed in a double-spaced freestanding block of typewritten lines, and quotation marks are omitted. The block is started on a new line and each line is indented ½ inch from the left margin. The period placement is before the page number.

Parry (2005) found the following:

In the current study, it seems resistance was both individual and collective. More specifically, the women engaged in individual acts of resistance. At the same time, the individual acts of the women in the study also seemed to affect other women in similar situations. (p. 148)

FOR ADDITIONAL APA HELP, VISIT THESE WEBSITES:

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html

http://www.apastyle.org/

Benjamin Hickerson, 2008