Ridgewood Summer Invitational
Questions written and edited by Ridgewood High School (Ben Bechtold, Zoe Blecher-Cohen, Bryan Clarendon, Aryan Falahatpisheh, Esther Sun, Thomas Husband, Louis Lim, Karen Montero, Mark Perfect, Sanjana Rajagopal, Abbas Raza, Jonah Salzman-Cohen , Justin Shin, David Song, Kara Vo, and Claire Walter) with help from Ben Zhang
Round 10-Tossups
1. This man created a series of paintings based upon Velazquez’s Las Meninas. Several nude figures embrace in a studio in this painter’s La Vie. This artist painted a boy in blue clothing with a crown of flowers on his head in Boy with a Pipe. He was inspired by El Greco’s Opening of the Fifth Seal to paint five disjointed (*) prostitutes in Les Desmoiselles de Avignon. His most famous work features a flower sprouting from a sword and the bombing of a Spanish Basque town. For 10 points, name this Cubist painter of Guernica who went through phases such as the Blue Period and the Rose Period.
ANSWER: Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinid-ad Ruiz y Picasso
<Vo>
2. He killed Vafthrudnir after the giant was unable to determine what this god had whispered in Baldr’s ear. With the giantess Rindr, he fathered a god who grew up in one day and never washes his hands or combs his hair until he avenges his half-brother. This father of Vali sits upon his throne of Hlidskjalf, and obtained knowledge of (*) runes by hanging himself for nine days and nights from Yggdrasil. He feeds all of his food on his table to his wolves Geri and Freki and his ravens Hugin and Munin report to him with all the news of the world. This god will be killed by Fenrir by Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this husband of Frigg and chief of the Norse gods.
ANSWER: Odin [accept Wotan or Woden]
<Zhang>
3. One work by this man is about a boy who chooses the life of a blacksmith over a scholar, that boy is Hans Giebenrath. In another work, the protagonist defies his father by standing up with his arms crossed for an entire night. This author of Beneath the Wheel wrote a novel set in the 25th century in Castalia that follows the life of (*) Joseph Knecht. In another work, the protagonist meets Hermine in the Black Eagle Tavern and stabs her later in the Magic Theater. For 10 points name this German-Swiss author of works like The Glass Bead Game, Steppenwolf, and Siddhartha.
ANSWER: Herman Hesse
<Sun>
4. During this event, the mayor of a city directed anti-Semitic comments to Connecticut Senator Abraham Ribicoff, who had commented on the use of “Gestapo tactics.” A famous incident that took place at this event involved Dan Rather being roughed up by security after trying to interview a Georgia man., Jerry Rubin, a Yippie leader, and Phil Ochs nominated their own candidate, Pigasus. This event came soon after the murder of (*) Robert Kennedy, who otherwise would have been at this event. For 10 points name this convention following Lyndon Johnson’s decision not to run for office which nominated Hubert Humphrey as the Democratic Candidate for President.
ANSWER: Democratic National Convention of 1968 [Prompt on partial answer]
<Falahatpisheh>
5. Only 18 works of this type written by Frederic Chopin survive. This genre may have originated from a German dance music called Landler, and its name itself means “to dance” or “to turn” in German. Standard forms of this genre have one chord per measure, with the root usually placed on the first (*) beat. Johann Strauss, Jr. is often referred to as the “king” of this kind of music. For 10 points, name this musical form that includes Chopin’s “Minute” [emphasize second syllable] and Strauss’s “Blue Danube”.
ANSWER: Waltz
<Song>
6. The Ninja struck and killed a man in one of these locations. In 2010, a new ad for this group was harshly criticized and canceled because of its offensive portrayal of an Asian man. Because of that controversy, this group revived a previous ad in which an old, feeble man walks off a bus, only to start dancing frantically to the Vengaboys’ “We Like to Party”. In 2004, a 230-lb man with cerebral palsy fell to his death at one of these after attendants failed to check the restraints. One location contains the tallest and second-fastest roller coaster in the world, called Kingda Ka. Other parks in this group include New England and Magic Mountain. For 10 points, name this amusement park chain whose name represents the number of national flags that have flown over Texas.
ANSWER: Six Flags
<Song>
7. The two Villarceau ones are formed by cutting a torus diagonally through the center at an angle, and Reuleaux polygons are formed from the intersections of these entities. This shape is the equality case of the isoperimetric inequality, and points on the perimeter of these objects trace out cycloids. This shape has constant (*) curvature and an eccentricity of zero, and can be described parametrically using sines and cosines. Given a specified length of fencing, this shape encloses the maximum area. When they are centered at the origin, they are described by the equation x squared plus y squared equals r squared. For 10 points, name this two-dimensional geometric shape with constant radius.
ANSWER: circles
<Sun>
8. This man captured the Isle of Wight in Britain as commander of Legio II Augusta. He was born in Falacrina to a relatively undistinguished equites family and eventually entered politics, like his older brother, only at the behest of his mother. According to Josephus, he threw Jews, chained-up, into the Dead Sea to test its legendary buoyancy, after destroying Jericho with his Legio X Fretensis. While he was in Egypt getting grain for Rome, his supporters, led by M. Antonius Primus, declared him emperor and defeated the army of Vitellius. (*) For 10 points, name this Roman emperor, the last in the Year of Four Emperors and founder of the Flavian Dynasty, who began building the Colosseum and was succeeded by his eldest son, Titus.
ANSWER: Titus Flavius Vespasianus
<Blecher-Cohen>
9. In one of this man’s experiments he had graduate students ask people for their seats on the subway. In another experiment, he gave packages to people living in Omaha, Nebraska and asked them to send it on to someone they knew, who would do the same thing, until the package reached a stockbroker in Boston. The result of that (*) “small world experiment” was the development of his theory of “six degrees of separation” in social networks. His most famous experiment was inspired by the Eichmann trial and was conducted at Yale University where he was a professor. For 10 points, name this social psychologist who conducted an experiment in obedience to authority which showed that people would shock strangers with up to 450 volts of electricity.
ANSWER: Stanley Milgram
<Blecher-Cohen>
10. Guttation is one way to move substances through it, and it is usually comprised of vessel elements and tracheids, the former being lacking in gymnosperms. The primary type of this tissue surrounds the pith and is produced by the procambium, while the secondary type is produced by the (*) vascular cambium. Cells in it have high amounts of lignin in their cell walls and compose the majority of wood. Transport through these structures is initiated by transpiration from open stomata. For 10 points, name this plant tissue that transports mainly water, unlike the nutrient-carrying phloem.
ANSWER: xylem
<Shin>
11. One character in this work grows plum tomatoes in his office, although he later admits that they were secretly purchased from various markets. Another character in this work falls deeply in love with a bald, italian whore. Soldiers in this novel are given a laxative and have their gums painted with purple creme when they go to the infirmary. The mess hall in the army base where this book takes place is run by Milo Minderbinder, who sets up a syndicate of which “everybody has a share” that he contracts to bomb his own men. The main character vows to live forever or die trying, and his attempts to be sent home on account of insanity are always thwarted by the titular rule. For 10 points, name this darkly comedic novel about the WWII bombardier Yossarian written by Joseph Heller.
ANSWER: Catch-22
<JSC>
12. This artist portrayed the New York skyline in her The Radiator Building, while another of her works portrays a dark black object contrasting a purple background. In addition to Jack-in-the-Pulpit, this artist painted a wide cluster of white clouds in a dark blue sky in her Sky Above Clouds. This artist also painted a work with red, white, and blue backgrounds divided by a black stripe while she was in (*) New Mexico, her Cow’s Skulls. For ten points, name this American painter who was the subject of many photographs by Alfred Stieglitz and painter of some occasionally provocative flowers.
ANSWER: Georgia O’Keeffe
<Lim>
13. This man established the Institute for the Promotion of Trade, which was part of his second five-year plan. This man’s leftist supporters were sniped at by the right wing “Triple A” terrorist group in the Ezeiza Massacre. This man’s namesake political movement states that all men are equal workers, and the only discrimination among workers are those that work hard and those that do not. After this man’s death, around 30,000 people “disappeared” at the instigation of his successor, (*) Jorge Videla, during the “dirty war.” The leader of the Justicialist movement, this man’s supporters were called the “descamisados,” or “shirtless ones.” For 10 points, name this Argentinian president, the husband of Evita.
ANSWER: Juan Domingo Peron
<Sun>
14. The newspaper The Corsair attacked this philosopher, a feud started by criticism of this man’s Stages on a Life’s Way. In one of his works, this man defined Socratic wisdom. This author of Philosophical Fragments discussed both aesthetic and ethical lifestyles a book that also included the diary of Johannes the Seducer. He also wrote a work that contrasted the (*) Knight of Faith with Knight of Infinite Resignation and depicted Abraham’s near-sacrifice of Isaac. Another of his works was written under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus and argues that the title condition is “despair”. For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher of Either/Or, Fear and Trembling, and The Sickness unto Death.
ANSWER: Søren Aabye Kierkegaard
<Zhang>
15. Some mechanisms of this type were proposed in 1670 by John Wilkins, who advocated using "Chymical Extractions", "Magnetical Virtues", and "the Natural Affection of Gravity” to produce the desired effect. One theoretical example is the Brownian ratchet, which rotates a gear using Brownian motion. Cox’s timepiece was supposedly one of these, but it is powered by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. Another example, the (*) “overbalanced wheel”, is said to work because there is always more mass on one side of the wheel than the other. For 10 points, name this type of mechanism that violates the first two laws of thermodynamics because it produces work without the input of energy.
ANSWER: Perpetual motion machine
Blecher-Cohen>
16. In this novel, three sisters and their mother relocate to Barton Cottage in Devonshire. Later in this novel, Anne Steele betrays Lucy’s secret. One character thinks a colonel is so old that he is practically on his deathbed. One of the characters continually slanders the Dashwood sisters. Another one of the characters in this novel seduces the younger Dashwood sister by carrying her in the rain after she sprains her ankle. At the end of this novel, the Dashwood sisters marry Edward Ferrars and Colonel Brandon respectively. For 10 points, name this Jane Austen novel with an alliterative title that follows the love lives of Elinor and Marianne Dashwood.
ANSWER: Sense and Sensibility
<Rajagopal>
17. Anne of Austria had four stillborn births before she conceived this man. He was referred to as “His most Christian majesty” and issued an infamous decree christened “Code Noir.” One of the wars undertaken during his reign was ended by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle with the Triple Alliance of England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic; that war was the War of (*) Devolution. This man also revoked a statute of religious liberty, which led to emigration to Prussia for many Huguenots. For 10 points name this monarch of France who was succeeded by his great grandson after ruling for over six decades as the Sun King.
ANSWER: Louis XIV [prompt on “Sun King” until mentioned; prompt on “Le Roi De Soleil”; prompt on “Louis”]
<Rajagopal>
18. Its formulator discovered that oxidation of sugars results in saccharic acids, and this law explains why a catalyst does not alter the equilibrium position of a reaction. This law is used to find entropy and free energy in the Bordwell cycle and it can be used to find the lattice energy in the Born-Haber cycle. It is equivalent to the fact that (*) enthalpy is a state function and it is also known as the law of constant heat summation. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic law which states that the change in enthalpy can be determined from a series of intermediate reactions, named for a Swiss-born Russian chemist.
ANSWER: Hess’s Law of constant heat summation
<Sun>
19. In geology, minerals described by this word have crystals with constant cross section. In geometry, the lateral surface area of a “right” one of these objects is equal to the perimeter of the base times the height. In optics, their most common use relies on the fact that the index of refraction has a slight dependence on the wavelength of light; that phenomenon is dispersion. (*) “Rectangular” ones in geometry have a value equal to the product of the length, height, and width. For ten points, identify these optical devices which were used by an English scientist to demonstrate that white light contained all the colors of the visible spectrum