12/4/2009

5th period

15 Diseases for Integumentary System Test:

Acne:

Acne is one of the most common facial skin diseases in the world today. Almost all adolescents have acne disease. Facts on acne are 50 percent of adult women and 25 percent of adults in general are affected by this disease. This disease is not from what you eat, how and when you wash your face or working out and sweating. But it is a combination of things under your skin that you cannot totally control. For most teenagers, it is hormones that are the number one culprit for acne. A hormone called testosterone is produced when you start to sprout body hair and what actually happens is within your pours, glands are working to produce this oil called sebum to keep your skin looking fresh and clean.

When your skin is renewed, as we have learned, then the old skin falls off. This where the problem occurs, uneven shedding causes dead skin cells to become sticky forming a plug in your pours. The plug in your pours swarms bacteria eventually forming a pimple and then more and more form depending on the unevenness of the skin shedding. Even though this ugly and treacherous disease (that I don’t have) does occur there are treatments. Some treatments include eating or using vitamin A and E. Using Aloe Vera and benzoil peroxide as well. Also cleansers on the market currently like Neutrogena, and proactiv.

Acne is caused hormones are the cause. Male hormone androgen is present in both male and female bodies, especially during puberty. Androgen can enlarge the sebaceous glands in hair follicles and lead to greater amounts of oil being produced. Heredity is also one of the causes of acne. Severe emotional stress has also been linked acne. Symptoms of the disease are whiteheads develop first, as the hair follicles become clogged and infected. A whitehead is a small, pinhead-sized spot. As the hair follicle expands from its internal pressure, the contents push upwards and turn a darker color, forming blackheads. This later produces zits or pimples. Factors that affect contracting the condition is whitehead: an infected hair follicle that remains under the skin: blackhead: that same hair follicle if it breaks through the skin's surface, nodule: a solid skin lesion that is often painful and buried deep in the skin, pustule: an inflamed, pus-filled area of skin infected by material from a ruptured whitehead (a.k.a. a "pimple"), and cyst: like a pustule gone bad that goes deep into the skin and can lead to scarring. Treatment available: Antibiotics or topical treatments can be prescribed.

Acne Vulgaris, more commonly known as Acne is the most common skin disease in the United States. Acne occurs when the sebaceous glands secrete an oily lubricant. These sebaceous glands are embedded into the skin; the oily lubricant clogs the pores of the skin along with dead skin cells and bacteria, creating Acne. Acne is caused most frequently by puberty. According to the ScienceResourceCenter, “85% of people develop acne at some time between the ages of 12 to 25 years.” Cosmetics can also cause acne; these cosmetics include make-up, tanning lotion, skin care products and many more. In some cases the cause of acne is simply genetics. Acne can be moderate or severe. In moderate cases the acne is very few whiteheads and blackheads. In severe cases of acne the whiteheads become inflamed and pustules develop. This can result in scarring. While there is no cure for acne, there is a way to control it by using appropriate treatment. In cases of severe acne it is recommended to visit a dermatologist. Usually oral isotretinoin, more commonly known as Accutane is prescribed. Accutane is known for temporarily worsening acne; it also causes dry skin, nose bleeds, and vision disorders. To avoid severe acne it is important to avoid steroids, and oil-based cosmetics and moisturizers.

It is clear that this individual is experiencing severe acne.

Acne is when pores are clogged by sebum (whiteheads or blackheads), pimples, nodules or cysts that can appear on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, back, upper arms and upper legs. The condition is most commonly seen in teenagers, but it can affect all ages, races, and sex. The biggest problem with acne is the unpleasant look it gives and the scares it can leave behind.

There are multiple types of acne

  • Lesions – small patches of skin affected by acne
  • Comedones – blackheads and whiteheads. Blackheads are pores whose distended openings are blocked by a mixture of keratin and sebum that is blackened at the surface. Whiteheads are closed pores filled with the secretion of the sebaceous gland that swells underneath the tissue.

1. Comedones are most commonly a target for squeezing and picking. How ever this could cause for more infection, an open pore in an entry way for all sorts of bacteria.

  • Papules- the papule is a small, solid usually inflammatory elevation of the skin that does not contain pus.
  • Pustules - Pustules are small inflamed elevations of the skin that are filled with pus.
  • Maculae - A macula is a red spot on the skin left behind by an acne lesion.
  • Nodules - The nodule is a solid lesion, one of the most painful lesions caused by acne.
  • Cysts - Cysts are lesions shaped like capsules and contain liquid or semi-liquid pus similar to that found in pustules

Acne has a lot to do with hormones. Around the end of 7th grade and the beginning of 8th I began to get really bad acne. My chin would break out constantly. I finally went to a dermatologist and it has helped tremendously!

She prescribed to me a

  • Face wash – BP 10-1 - which I use twice a day
  • A cream – Benza Clin - which I use in the morning
  • A gel – Atralin -which I use in the evening
  • A pill – Solodyn - take once a day

Fever Blisters (Herpes Simplex I):

I choose fever blisters because my brother gets them frequently and I was interested in how they occur. I know that his granddad gets them as well which would make me think that it could be heredity. Fever Blisters even have a history in ancient Rome, an epidemic of fever blisters prompted Emperor Tiberius to ban kissing in public ceremonies. Today fever blisters still occur in epidemic proportions. About 100 million episodes of recurrent fever blisters occur yearly in the United States alone. An estimated 45 to 80 percent of adults and children in this country have had at least one bout with the blisters.

Several factors that involve fever blisters are the weakening of the body's defenses and trigger an outbreak of herpes. These include emotional stress, fever, illness, injury and exposure to sunlight. Many women have recurrences only during menstruation. One study indicates that susceptibility to herpes recurrences is inherited. Research is under way to discover exactly how the triggering factors interact with the immune system and the virus to prompt a recurrence of fever blisters.The symptoms of recurrent fever blister attacks usually are less severe than those experienced by some people after an initial infection. Recurrences appear to be less frequent after age 35. Many people who have recurring fever blisters feel itching, tingling or burning in the lip 1 to 3 days before the blister appears.Currently there is no cure for fever blisters. Some medications can relieve some of the pain and discomfort associated with the sores, however. These include ointments that numb the blisters, antibiotics that control secondary bacterial infections, and ointments that soften the crusts of the sores.

Herpes simplex 1 virus can be caused from a range of situations suchs as: kissing an infected individual, using a razor of an infected individual, using a towel of an infected individual, or using the utensils of an infected individual. Symptoms usually appear between two to ten days after infection, and last for two to three weeks. Small red bumps develop into blisters. The blisters then burst and turn into ulcers. After several days the ulcers scab over and heal without scarring. If the infection was passed through oral sex, ulcers may develop in the mouth. The first outbreak can cause fever, headaches, painful urination, or swollen inguinal lymph nodes. The virus goes through a cycle of dormancy and activity. Outbreaks vary in severity, and some lucky people have outbreaks so mild that they don't even notice any symptoms. Certain vitamins and supplements have been shown to reduce the number of and severity of herpes outbreaks. Prescription herpes treatment such as antiviral pills can help reduce symptoms and shorten the length of outbreaks.

One thing that people DO NOT take into consideration is that there are more than one type of Herpes. Not every type of Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease. There is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 which is basically cold sores in your mouth and lips. HSV type 1 is contracted through oral secretions or sores on the skin, can be spread through kissing or sharing objects such as toothbrushes or eating utensils. Change of weather and stress also plays a role in contracting the disease. HSV type 2 is the kind you don’t want to get. HSV type 2, also known as Genital Herpes is generally spread through sexually contract with someone who has Genital Herpes. The infected person may have sores around the genitals or rectum. Although HSV type 2 sores may occur in other locations, these sores usually are found below the waist.

Women who are pregnant with Genital Herpes should talk to their doctor because the disease can be passed on to the baby during labor.

HSV-1 outbreaks can be cause by

  • General illness (mild or severe)
  • Fatigue
  • Physical or emotional stress

Symptoms of HVS-1 are blisters forming in your mouth (gums and lips) and multiply rapidly. The blisters then break leaving tender sores. This often makes it extremely hard for the victim to eat or drink. Often the appearance of HVS is typical and no testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis, but if the health care provider is not certain there are lab test available. Although there is no cure to HVS there are medications that relieve pain and shorten the healing time. These medications can also reduce the number of outbreaks one might have.

  • Famvir
  • Zovirax
  • Valtrex
  • Acyclovir

HSV-1 lesions (cold sores) usually cause tingling and burning just prior to the breakout of the blisters. The blisters themselves can also be painful. The victim may experience a high fever, sore throat, and body aches as well. People easily misunderstand the fact that there are two different types. Hope this information informs students and other teenagers that not all herpes are spread by being sexually active with someone, and they too have probably had herpes.

Ringworm:

Ringworm-

Symptoms: The symptoms are itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The patches often have sharply-defined edges. The disease appears in a ring. Your skin may also appear unusually dark or light. If your scalp or beard is infected, you will have bald patches where your hair will fall out. If nails are infected, they become discolored, thick, and even crumble.

Factors that affect contracting the condition: A fungal infection that produces patchy scaling and an inflammatory response in the skin. The lesions are often circular with a raised edge and in ancient times were thought to be cause by worms. Several species of fungus causes ringworm in humans, and they usually are described by their location on the body. Ringworm in the scalp is called ringworm, ringworm of the groin is called jock itch, and ringworm of the feet is called athlete’s foot.

Treatment available: It usually responds well within 4 weeks to self-care. Try to keep your skin dry and clean. Then you need to apply over the counter antifungal or drying powders, lotions or creams. Those that contain miconazole, clotrimazole, or similar ingredients are more effective. You also need to wash your sheets and cloths that you wore when you were infected. If you hair is infected you need to get Antifungal pills. You can also need antibiotics if it’s really bad.

  • Fungal infection
  • Fungi feed on keratin which is on the outer layer of skin
  • This causes ringworm

Symptons of the disease

  • “Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The patches often have sharply-defined edges. They are often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may create the appearance of a ring. Your skin may also appear unusually dark or light.
  • When your scalp or beard is infected, you will have bald patches.
  • If nails are infected, they become discolored, thick, and even crumble.”

Factors that affect contracting the condition

  • Athletes are more likely to get jock itch and athlete’s foot
  • If you do not clean your hair well you might get ringworm of the scalp which Is called ringworm
  • Fungi thrive best on warm and moist areas, locker rooms, tanning beds, and swimming pools

Treatment

  • There are various antifungal treatments which need to be continued for 14 days and if use of the treatments is halted then you ringworm is likely to reeappear

Ringworm is a common infection, however the name is misleading. Ring worm is caused by a fungus, not by a worm as the name suggests. However the fungus creates patches of rough reddened skin. This infected area often has circular lesions and have open wounds, appearing as though it was caused by a worm. There are several different types of ringworm, these types include; body ringworm, scalp ringworm, ringworm of the groin, ringworm of the nails, and ringworm of the feet. Ringworm is spread either directly or indirectly. It is directly spread through touching an individual infected with ringworm. It is indirectly spread by touching something that the infected person has touched. To avoid ringworm it is recommended to avoid contact with people who are infected with it. Also avoid sharing objects with infected people such as hairbrushes or towels. In some cases ringworm can disappear without treatment, however it tends to reoccur after healing. According to the ScienceResearchCenter, “1 in 5 patients experience chronic infection that reappears time and time again.” However there are medications that can be applied directly to the infected area such as powder or cream. Oral medications are also available for people infected with ringworm.

Ringworm is caused by a fungus not an actual worm. These worms live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair as they grow best in warm, moist areas, such as locker rooms and swimming pools. It is in fact contagious and spreads from skin to skin contact. It is possible to get it from an infected animal but it is uncommon. Ringworm of the skin usually causes a red itchy rash and forms the shape of a ring but not always. Most ringworm of the skin can be treated by over the counter creams but if cream doesn’t work a doctor could prescribe pills that kill the fungus so it doesn’t come back.

Warts:

Warts-

Symptoms: Abnormally dark or light skin surrounding the wart. Also lots small, smooth, flat warts on forehead, cheeks, arms or legs. You can also get rough growths around or under fingernails or toenails. Also small, hard, flat or raised skin warts or lump.

Factors that affect contracting the condition: They are uncontrolled growths of the epidermis caused by the human Papillomavirus. Usually the growths disappear spontaneously, or they can be removed by a variety if techniques. The viruses are transmitted to the skin by direct contact with contaminated objects or an infected person. They can also be spread by scratching.

Treatment available: Over the counter medications can remove warts. They are applied to the wart every day for several weeks. You can also surgical remove warts by freezing (cryotherapy), burning (electrocautery) or laser treatment. You don’t want to attempt to remove a wart yourself by burning, cutting, tearing, picking, or any other method.

Cause of the disease

  • Warts are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus
  • There are 130 strains of this virus.
  • The virus is transmitted to the skin by direct contact with contaminated objects or an infected person.
  • They also can be spread by scratching.

Symptoms of the disease