CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD
SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1400
Oakland, CA 94612
AMENDED
FACT SHEET
ISSUANCE OF WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS
FOR DISCHARGE TO STATE WATERS
FOR
EAST BAY MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT
SPECIAL DISTRICT NO. 1
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT
CITY OF OAKLAND
ALAMEDA COUNTY
NPDES PERMIT NO. CA 0037702
Notice:
Written Comments:
· Interested persons are invited to submit written comments concerning this draft permit.
· Comments should be submitted to the Regional Board no later than: June 5, 2001.
Public Hearing
· The draft permit will be considered for adoption by the Board at a public hearing during the Board’s regular monthly meeting at: Elihu Harris State Building, 1515 Clay Street, Oakland, CA; 1st floor auditorium.
· This meeting will be held on: June 20, 2001, starting at 9:30 a.m.
Additional Information
· For additional information about this matter, interested persons should contact Regional Board staff: Ms. Judy C. Huang, Phone: (510) 622-2363; email
I. DISCHARGER AND PERMIT APPLICATION
A. Discharger: The Discharger owns and operates the East Bay Municipal Utility District, Special District No. 1, wastewater treatment plant, located in Oakland, Alameda County. The plant provides advanced secondary treatment of wastewater from domestic, commercial and industrial sources from the cities of Albany, Alameda, Berkeley, Emeryville, Oakland, Piedmont, and Stege Sanitary District. The Discharger’s service area has a present population of about 636, 635.
B. Permit Application: The Discharger has applied to the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region (Board) for reissuance of Waste Discharge Requirements (WDR) and a Permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for the discharge of treated municipal wastewater into waters of the San Francisco Bay estuary, which are waters of the State and United States.
II. Discharge Description
A. Facility Description
1. Location: The Discharger owns and operates the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), Special District No. 1, Wastewater Treatment Plant, located at 2020 Wake Avenue, Oakland, Alameda County, California. A location map of the facility is included as Attachment A of this Order.
2. Service Area and Population: The plant provides secondary treatment of wastewater from domestic, commercial and industrial sources from the Cities of Albany, Alameda, Berkeley, Emeryville, Oakland, Piedmont, and Stege Sanitary District. The Discharger’s service area has a present population of about 636,635.
3. Wastewater Treatment Process: The wastewater treatment process consists of odor control, grit removal, primary clarification, high purity oxygen activated sludge, secondary clarification, disinfection, dechlorination, and blending of primary and secondary effluent during periods of effluent flows in excess of the secondary treatment capacity. A treatment process schematic diagram is included as Attachment B of this Order.
4. Wet Weather Treatment Facilities: The Board issued a separate NPDES permit (Order No. 98-005, NPDES Permit No. CA0038440) to the Discharger which regulates the discharge from its wet weather treatment facilities. These facilities provide for the storage of wet weather sewerage, and blending of primary and secondary effluent during wet weather periods when the secondary capacity is exceeded. Order No. 98-005 permits the discharge of overflows from the collection system during rainfall events greater than the 5-year design storm.
5. Facility Classification: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the Board have classified this discharge as a major discharge.
B. Effluent Description
1. Discharge Location: The treated wastewater is discharged into Central San Francisco Bay, a Water of the State and United States. The wastewater is discharged through a submerged diffuser adjacent to the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge about 5,664 feet off shore at a depth of 45 feet below mean lower low water (Longitude 122 deg., 20 min., 55 sec.; Latitude 37 deg., 49 min., 2 sec.).
2. Discharge Volume and Plant Capacity: The treatment plant has an average dry weather flow design capacity of 120 million gallons per day (MGD). For wet weather flows, the facility can provide partial secondary treatment up to 325 MGD. Of this, approximately 157 and up to 168 MGD receive primary treatment and the remaining flows receive secondary treatment. The plant presently discharges an annual average daily flow of 79.6 MGD.
3. Effluent Quality: The quality of the treated effluent from EBMUD, based on effluent monitoring data from July 1997 through June 2000, is as follows (all units are in mg/L):
Constituent / Maximum Observed Concentration, or Lowest Detection Level if not detected / Water Quality Objective /Antimony / NA / 4,300
Arsenic / 22 / 36
Beryllium / NA / No Objective
Cadmium / 1.5 / 9.3
Chromium / 61 / 50
Copper / 48 / 3.7
Lead / 11 / 5.60
Mercury / 0.42 / 0.025
Nickel / 37 / 7.1
Selenium / 1.6 / 5
Silver / 5.2 / 2.3
Zinc / 414 / 58
Thallium / NA / 6.3
Cyanide / 10 / 1
TCDD Equivalents / 0.014 (pg/L) / 6.37 (pg/L)
Acrolein / 20 / 780
Acrylonitrile / 1 / 0.66
Benzene / 0.15 / 71
Bromoform / 0.17 / 360
Carbon tetrachloride / 0.14 / 4.4
Chlorobenzene / 0.05 / 21,000
Chlorodibromomethane / 0.23 / 34
Chloroethane / 2.2 / No Objective
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether / 0.1 / No Objective
Chloroform / 19 / No Objective
Dichlorobromomethane / 1.4 / 46
1,1-Dichloroethane / 0.07 / No Objective.
1,2-Dichloroethane / 2.5 / 99
1,1-Dichloroetheylene / 0.05 / 3.2
1,2-Dichloropropane / 0.12 / 39
1,3-Dichloropropylene / 0.07 / 1,700
Ethylbenzene / 0.67 / 29,000
Methyl Bromide / 0.69 / 4,000
Methyl Chloride / 5.8 / No Objective
Methylene Chloride / 21 / 1,600
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane / 0.11 / 11
Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethylene) / 6.8 / 8.85
Toluene / 4.2 / 200,000
1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene / 0.14 / 140,000
1,1,1-Trichloroethane / 0.47 / No Objective
1,1,2-Trichloroethane / 0.03 / 42
Trichloroethene / 2.2 / 81
Vinyl chloride / 0.07 / 525
2-Chlorophenol / 0.2 / 400
2,4-Dichlorophenol / 0.38 / 790
2,4-Dimethylphenol / 0.2 / 2,300
2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol / NA / 765
2,4-Dinitrophenol / 1 / 14,000
2-Nitrophenol / 0.1 / No Objective
4-Nitrophenol / 2 / No Objective
3-Methyl 4-Chlorophenol / 4.2 / No Objective
Pentachlorophenol / 2 / 7.9
Phenol / 2.2 / 4,600,000
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol / 1.3 / 6.5
Acenaphthene / 0.246 / 2,700
Acenaphthelene / 0.062 / No Objective
Anthracene / 0.0034 / 110,000
Benzidine / 5 / 0.00054
Benzo(a)anthracene / 0.0058 / 0.049
Benzo(b)fluoranthene / 0.0079 / 0.049
Benzo(k)fluoranthene / 0.041 / 0.049
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene / 0.012 / No Objective
Benzo(a)pyrene / 0.0079 / 0.049
Bis(2-chloroethoxzy)methane / 0.1 / No Objective
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether / 0.2 / 1.40
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether / 0.1 / 170,000
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate / 83 / 5.9
4-Bromophenylphenylether / 0.1 / No Objective
Butylbenzylphthalate / 0.21 / 5,200
2-Chloronaphthalene / 0.2 / 4,300
4-Chlorophenyl phenylether / 0.2 / No Objective
Chrysene / 0.006 / 0.049
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene / 0.0054 / 0.049
1,2-Dichlorobenzene / 1.8 / 17,000
1,3-Dichlorobenzene / 0.06 / 2,600
1,4-Dichlorobenzene / 2.8 / 2,600
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine / 0.1 / 0.08
Diethyl phthalate / 0.13 / 120,000
Dimethylphthalate / 0.11 / 2,900,000
Di-n-Butyl Phthalate / 0.25 / 12,000
2,4-Dinitrotoluene / 0.1 / 9.1
2,6-Dinitrotoluene / 0.91 / No Objective
Di-N-octylphthalate / 0.1 / No Objective
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine / NA / 0.54
Fluoranthene / 0.009 / 370
Fluorene / 0.0073 / 14,000
Hexachlorobenzene / 0.0018 / 0.00077
Hexachlorobutadiene / 0.12 / 50
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene / 1 / 17,000
Hexachloroethane / 0.4 / 8.9
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene / 0.0045 / 0.049
Isophorone / 0.14 / 600
Naphthalene / 1.47 / No Objective
Nitrobenzene / 0.1 / 1,900
N-Nitrosodimethylamine / 0.2 / 8.1
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine / 0.1 / 16
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine / 0.1 / 1.4
Phenanthrene / 0.47 / No Objective
Pyrene / 0.0027 / 11,000
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene / 0.41 / No Objective
Aldrin / 0.0021 / 0.00014
A-BHC / 0.0013 / 0.013
B-BHC / 0.0046 / 0.046
G-BHC (Lindane) / 0.04 / 0.063
D-BHC / 0.004 / No Objective
Chlordane / 0.014 / 0.00059
4,4’-DDT / 0.0021 / 0.00059
4,4’-DDE / 0.0011 / 0.00059
4,4’-DDD / 0.0008 / 0.00084
Dieldrin / 0.0013 / 0.00014
Endosulfan I / 0.001 / 0.01
Endosulfan II / 0.0014 / 0.01
Endosulfan sulphate / 0.0057 / 240
Endrin / 0.0021 / 0.0023
Endrin Aldehyde / 0.0017 / 0.81
Heptachlor / 0.0029 / 0.00021
Heptachlor Epoxide / 0.005 / 0.00011
Aroclor 1016 / 0.02 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1221 / 0.14 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1232 / 0.06 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1242 / 0.02 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1248 / 0.1 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1254 / 0.08 / 0.00017
Aroclor 1260 / 0.09 / 0.00017
Toxaphene / 0.072 / 0.0002
Tributyltin / 0.024 / 0.01
4. Collection System Discharges: The Board has issued separate NPDES permits (Order Nos. 94-113 to 94-118) to seven local agencies (Alameda, Albany, Berkeley, Emeryville, Oakland, Piedmont, and Stege Sanitary District) which specify requirements for the discharge of wastewater during wet weather from each agencies’ collection systems.
5. Stormwater Discharge Description:
a. Federal regulations for stormwater discharges were promulgated by U.S. EPA on November 19, 1990. The regulations [40 Code of Federal regulations (CFR) Parts 122, 1243, and 124] requires specific categories of industrial activities including Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) that discharge stormwater associated with industrial activity (industrial stormwater) to obtain an NPDES permit and to implement Best Available Technology Economically Available (BAT) and Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT) to control pollutants in industrial stormwater discharges. POTWs are not required to obtain a separate NPDES permit if all stormwater flows from the treatment facility are treated by the POTW.
b. The stormwater flows from the wastewater treatment facility process areas are directed to the wastewater treatment plant head works and are treated along with the wastewater discharged to the treatment plant. These stormwater flows constitute all industrial stormwater at this facility and consequently this permit regulates all industrial stormwater discharges at this facility.
C. Solids Disposal: Sludge is currently thickened, anaerobically digested and dewatered before reuse by land application or alternative daily cover in an authorized sanitary landfill.
III. General Rationale
The following is a summary of the general rationale for the Tentative Order. Various references are generally used as a basis for supporting effluent limits contained in NPDES permits, and a brief description of each of the major references used in preparing this Permit follows. This document contains specific rationale for each effluent and receiving water limitation, prohibition, and provision, with reference to each item as it appears in the tentative order.
· Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the Clean Water Act)
· Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 – Protection of the Environment, Chapter 1, Environmental Protection Agency, Subchapter D, Water Programs, Part 122-129 (hereinafter referred to as 40 CFR Specific Part Number)
· Water Quality Control Plan, San Francisco Bay Basin, June 21, 1995 (Basin Plan). The California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, adopted the Basin Plan on June 21, 1995. The Basin Plan was approved by the State Water Resources Control Board (State Board) and the Office of Administrative Law on July 20 and November 13, respectively, of 1995. A summary of regulatory provisions is contained in Title 23 of the California Code of Regulations at Section 3912. Basin Plan identifies beneficial uses and water quality objectives for waters of the State, including surface and ground waters
· Water Quality Standards; Establishment of Numeric Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants for the State of California, Federal Register, Volume 65, Number 97, 16 May 2000, Pages 31681+ (hereinafter referred to as the California Toxics Rule)
· Quality Criteria for Water, U.S. EPA 440/5-86-001 (hereinafter referred to as the Gold Book)
· Policy for Implementation of Toxics Standards for Inland Surface Waters, Enclosed Bays, and Estuaries of California, dated May 18, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as State Implementation Policy)
· Technical Support Document for Water QualityBased Toxics Control, U.S. EPA/505/290001, March 1991 (hereinafter referred to as the TSD)
· National Toxics Rule, 57 FR 60848, December 22, 1992 (NTR)
IV. Specific Rationale
Section 402(o) of Clean Water Act and 40 CFR 122.44(l) require that water-quality based effluent limits (WQBELs) in re-issued permits are at least as stringent as in the previous permit. Therefore, some of the requirements in the proposed Order are based on limits specified in the Previous Order.
There are several other factors affecting the development of limitations and requirements in the proposed Order. These are discussed as follows:
Impaired Water Bodies in 303(d) List
The U.S. EPA Region 9 approved the State’s 303(d) list of impaired water bodies on May 12, 1999. The list was prepared in accordance with section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act to identify specific water bodies where water quality standards are not expected to be met after implementation of technology-based effluent limitations on point sources. In a November 12, 1999, letter to the Board, the U.S. EPA clarified its NPDES requirements regarding the discharge of 303(d)-listed pollutants. U.S. EPA objected to the use of dilution credit in reasonable potential analysis for all 303(d)-listed pollutants. U.S. EPA required final effluent limits for all 303(d)-listed pollutants to be based on total maximum daily loads (TMDL) and wasteload allocation (WLA) results. U.S. EPA required interim concentration limits and performance-based mass limits with a compliance schedule to be in effect until final effluent limits are adopted. U.S. EPA required the inclusion of appropriate provisions for waste minimization and source control.
Basis for calculation of water quality based effluent limitations
Water-quality based effluent limitations (WQBELs) were calculated using Section 1.4 of the State Implementation Plan (SIP). The methodology is described in detail in the original Fact Sheet. The WQBELs calculations are attached (Attachment 5). WQBELs were calculated because there was reasonable potential for these constituents to cause, or contribute to an excursion above a State water quality standard, as determined by the reasonable potential analysis attached.
To calculate the final WQBELs, the following parameters and assumptions were used:
Ø Background (B): The maximum or average background value, as appropriate, from the Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) Central Bay Stations, Yerba Buena Island and Richardson Bay. The RMP data set includes information gathered from 1992-1998.